Nitrate metabolism in Scots pine seedlings during their first growing season

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sarjala ◽  
R. Raitio ◽  
E.-M. Turkki
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Nitrate Metabolism

Some observations on the shoot growth of pine seedlings

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Terminal Bud

Sequential observations in lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.) and Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.) showed that the second season's shoot was not produced solely from stem units in the terminal resting bud as previously assumed. The stem units held in the rosette of primary needles surrounding the terminal bud elongated to form most of the second season's shoot. The terminal bud only contributed 29 to 54% of the stem units. There was a marked difference between an inland and a coastal provenance of lodgepole pine in the appearance of the shoot apex at the end of the first growing season.

Shoot morphology and shoot growth potential in 1-year-old Scots pine seedlings

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Shoot Morphology ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Seedlings

When seedlings of a single seed source of Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) were raised for 26 weeks in a naturally lit, heated greenhouse, two types of shoot morphology were observed. Type 1 was that normally found in 1-year-old seedlings. Type 2 had a shoot morphology similar to that of seedlings raised outdoors for two growing seasons. When compared with type 1 plants, type 2 plants had an earlier start to shoot elongation, set their buds earlier, and stopped shoot elongation sooner. After one growing season, type 2 plants were shorter, had fewer stem units for shoot elongation in the second season, but carried a greater foliage biomass than 1-year-old type plants. After two seasons they remained shorter. Thus, plant rearing practices which result in the production of seedlings with this type of shoot morphology arc undesirable.The relationship between early "budsct," shoot morphology, and plant height suggests that the proportion of seedlings with a 2-year-old shoot morphology after one growing season in a heated greenhouse may be used as an early test for height growth potential in seed origins and possibly in progenies of north temperate pine species.

Development of freezing tolerance in roots and shoots of Scots pine seedlings at nonfreezing temperatures

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aija Ryyppö ◽  
Tapani Repo ◽  
Elina Vapaavuori
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Extracellular Resistance

The hardening of hydroponically cultured Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings and their recovery after freezing was studied at the end of the second growing season (LD), after 3 weeks of short day treatment (SD), after a gradual decrease in temperature to 5°C over 4 weeks (H1), and after 4 weeks at 5°C (H2). Frost hardiness was determined by several methods and the recovery as survival of the seedlings. The highest frost hardiness was achieved in the distal parts of needles (-21 to -27°C) and in the proximal parts of needles (-18 to -25°C), followed by woody roots (-7 to -9°C), the 1-year-old and current stem (-8°C), and the fine roots (-5°C), all at the end of H2. Hardening of needles was induced by SD, but the stem and woody roots started to harden later, as a response to low temperature. As a result of frost treatment during LD and SD, potential plasma membrane roman H+-ATPase activity of roots decreased as electrolyte leakage increased and extracellular resistance decreased, but this relationship was lost during H1 and H2. The present study demonstrates the lack of hardening capacity in the fine roots of Scots pine seedlings at nonfreezing temperatures and the increased mortality of the young seedlings having frost damage on roots.

scholarly journals A descriptive model o Scots pine (Pinus silvestris) L. seedling's growth during the first growing season

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1–2) ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Teresa Gowin ◽  
Leokadiusz Ubysz
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Descriptive Model ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Net Assimilation

Scots pine seedlings were grown in pots from seed under outside conditions. Plant material was harvested ten times in fortnight periods, throughout the growing season. At each harvest, each plant was divided into particular organs and their dimensions as well as fresh and dry weight were determined. Seasonal course of growth of particular organs as well as changes in specific leaf area and distribution of dry matter between shoot and root were investigated. Net assimilation rate (NAR) and relative growth rate (RGR) were calculated from the fitted logistic growth curves.

scholarly journals The results of the use of gridless technology for the selection and sowing in a forest nursery of 1000 pieces equalized by weight and size (thickness) of Scotch pine seed fractions

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012007
Author(s):  
A D Golev ◽  
G G Goleva ◽  
V A Ivannikov ◽  
V N Bukhtoyarov
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Scotch Pine ◽  
Nursery Areas ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Abstract The aim of our research is to analyze the quantitative composition of standard and non-standard Scots pine seedlings grown with all sowing options: calibrated small and large seeds, as well as uncalibrated seeds. As the material for the study, we used a batch of Scots pine seeds, which were divided by weight into two equal parts. Subsequently, one part was calibrated on a sieve-free separator in thickness into small and large fractions, and the second was not calibrated. The size gap in the calibrated fractions was determined experimentally based on the minimum and maximum size of the seed thickness. All the seeds obtained were sown separately from each other in the nursery areas. At the end of the second growing season, using the field method of accounting for the grown planting material, a sample of standard and non-standard seedlings was carried out. As a result, it was found that in crops with calibrated seeds of non-standard seedlings is 25 … 30% less than in crops with non-calibrated seeds. Thus, sowing with Scots pine seeds calibrated in thickness makes it possible to significantly increase the productivity of forest nursery areas in comparison with sowing with uncalibrated seeds.

Frost damage and recovery of Scots pine seedlings at the end of the growing season

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1376-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ryyppö ◽  
S Sutinen ◽  
M Mäenpää ◽  
E Vapaavuori ◽  
T Repo
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Pine Seedlings

scholarly journals Early Field Performance of Small-Sized Silver Birch and Scots Pine Container Seedlings at Different Planting Depths

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Laura Pikkarainen ◽  
Jaana Luoranen ◽  
Heli Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Container Seedlings ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Deep planting is recommended in Nordic countries only for normal-sized container seedlings planted on mounds. Its effects on smaller-sized seedlings are poorly understood. We studied the effects of planting depth on the early field performance of small-sized silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) container seedlings. Silver birch seedlings (mean height of 16 cm) were planted to depths of 3, 6 and 8 cm on spot mounds in May 2016. Scots pine seedlings (mean height of 9 cm) were planted to depths of 2, 5 and 8 cm on inverted mounds in September 2018 and May 2019. At the end of the first growing season, the deeper-planted birch seedlings were the tallest, as opposed to the deeper-planted Scots pine seedlings. However, the height differences between the planting depths were not apparent until the end of the second growing season in both tree species. Deeper planting decreased damage in Scots pine seedlings in the first growing season, which was not observed in silver birch. Based on our findings, small-sized Scots pine and silver birch seedlings can be planted safely at 6–8 cm planting depths, if at least 20% and 50% of their shoots, respectively, are above ground.

Silvicultural characteristics of a Scots pine stand on drift sands

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Maddelein ◽  
N. Lust
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pine Regeneration

The  study of a seventy years old stand of Scots pine on drift sands proves that  Scots pine growth on these sites was and is still relatively good: average  diameter 27.6 cm, average height 19.4 m, standing volume 213 m3 and an annual increment  of 4.9 m3.ha-1.yr-1. All Scots pines  belong to the upper storey. Yet considerable differences in crown development  and vitality are observed. The current growth rate and the spontaneous  settlement of pine seedlings under canopy show the ideal conditions for the  creation of a high forest with reserves. Anyway a rotation period of more  than 70 years is recommendable.     On several places a consolidated regeneration of Scots pine seedlings under  canopy occur. Groups with a stem number of 700 to 3,500 seedlings per are, ranging  in age from 3 to 11 years and in height from 10 to 170 cm, are present. This  Scots pine regeneration has developed in a normal mor humus layer and in a  dense Deschampsia mat.      Broadleaved regeneration is not so abundant, and consists for 75 % of black  cherry. Absence of seed trees, browsing damage and the exclusive character of  black cherry are the limiting factors for the installation and survival of  valuable indigenous species, such as pedunculate oak.     Provided that black cherry is removed and that the regeneration is  protected against wild damage, it is possible to create a mixed forest  dominated by Scots pine but with a considerable admixture of indigenous  broadleaved trees. However, if black cherry will not be sufficiently  controlled, it can be expected that in a first phase black cherry will  dominate the understorey, that it will prevent the regeneration of all other  species and that, very soon, it will form an almost single-species dominated  stage in forest succession.

scholarly journals Growth Responses of Boreal Scots Pine, Norway Spruce and Silver Birch Seedlings to Simulated Climate Warming over Three Growing Seasons in a Controlled Field Experiment

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Katri Nissinen ◽  
Virpi Virjamo ◽  
Antti Kilpeläinen ◽  
Veli-Pekka Ikonen ◽  
Laura Pikkarainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Simulated Climate ◽  
Shoot And Root Biomass

We studied the growth responses of boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings to simulated climate warming of an average of 1.3 °C over the growing season in a controlled field experiment in central Finland. We had six replicate plots for elevated and ambient temperature for each tree species. The warming treatment lasted for the conifers for three growing seasons and for the birch two growing seasons. We measured the height and diameter growth of all the seedlings weekly during the growing season. The shoot and root biomass and their ratios were measured annually in one-third of seedlings harvested from each plot in autumn. After two growing seasons, the height, diameter and shoot biomass were 45%, 19% and 41% larger in silver birch seedlings under the warming treatment, but the root biomass was clearly less affected. After three growing seasons, the height, diameter, shoot and root biomass were under a warming treatment 39, 47, 189 and 113% greater in Scots pine, but the root:shoot ratio 29% lower, respectively. The corresponding responses of Norway spruce to warming were clearly smaller (e.g., shoot biomass 46% higher under a warming treatment). As a comparison, the relative response of height growth in silver birch was after two growing seasons equal to that measured in Scots pine after three growing seasons. Based on our findings, especially silver birch seedlings, but also Scots pine seedlings benefitted from warming, which should be taken into account in forest regeneration in the future.

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