scholarly journals Acute and Long-Term Effects of Brief Sevoflurane Anesthesia During the Early Postnatal Period in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Qiu ◽  
Changlian Zhu ◽  
Timea Bodogan ◽  
Marta Gómez-Galán ◽  
Yaodong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Early Postnatal Period ◽  
Sevoflurane Anesthesia ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Scorpion Envenomation of Lactating Rats Decreases the Seizure Threshold in Offspring

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 853
Author(s):  
Marina de Oliveira Rodrigues Barbosa ◽  
Maria Eliza F. do Val de Paulo ◽  
Ana Leonor Abrahão Nencioni
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Crude Venom ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Few Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Convulsive Threshold

Few data are available in the literature describing the long-term effects of envenoming in the perinatal period. In this study, the relationship between envenoming of lactating rats and possible behavioral changes in the mother and in her offspring were investigated. Lactating Wistar rats received a single dose of T. serrulatus crude venom on postnatal days 2 (V2), 10 (V10) or 16 (V16), and had their maternal behavior evaluated. The seizure threshold was evaluated in adulthood offspring. A decrease in maternal care during envenoming was observed in V2 and V10 groups. The retrieval behavior was absent in the V2 group, and a lower seizure threshold in the adult offspring of all groups was observed. During envenoming, mothers stayed away from their offspring for a relatively long time. Maternal deprivation during the early postnatal period is one of the most potent stressors for pups and could be responsible, at least in part, for the decrease in the convulsive threshold of the offspring since stress is pointed to as a risk factor for epileptogenesis. Furthermore, the scorpionic accident generates an intense immune response, and inflammation in neonates increases the susceptibility to seizures in adulthood. Therefore, maternal envenoming during lactation can have adverse effects on offspring in adulthood.

Early Post-Partum Contact and Later Attitudes

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter de Chateau
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Infant Behaviour

In a randomized, prospective study the long-term effects of early post-partum skin-toskin and suckling contact was studied. In follow-up studies 36 hours, 3 and 12 months after delivery maternal behaviour, infant behaviour, the duration of breast feeding and certain attitudes towards child rearing procedures were shown to develop differently in a group of mothers and infants with early post-natal contacts as compared to a control group. Three years after delivery parents with early contact appreciated their children's language development to be faster; the number of siblings born in these families was greater than in controls. In the discussion, the relative importance of the immediate postnatal period is emphasized, a more family oriented development seems to occur in the presence of early post-delivery interaction.

scholarly journals Prenatal and perinatal factors influencing nociception, addiction and behavior during ontogenetic development

2008 ◽  
pp. S79-S88
Author(s):  
R Rokyta ◽  
A Yamamotová ◽  
R Šlamberová ◽  
M Franěk ◽  
Š Vaculín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dorsal Rhizotomy ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Factors Influencing

This review, which summarizes our findings concerning the long-term effects of pre-, peri- and postnatal factors affecting development, nociception and sensorimotor functions, focuses on three areas: 1) perinatal factors influencing nociception in adult rats were examined in rats with hippocampal lesions, after the administration of stress influencing and psychostimulant drugs (dexamethasone, indomethacine and methamphetamine); 2) the effect of pre- and early postnatal methamphetamine administration was shown to impair the development of sensorimotor functions tested in rat pups throughout the preweaning period; 3) the effect of extensive dorsal rhizotomy of the brachial plexus during the early postnatal period was studied with respect to neuropathic pain development and sensorimotor functions. The present study indicates that prenatal or neonatal stress, as well as various drugs, may disturb the development of the nociceptive system and cause long-term behavioral changes persisting to adulthood and that some types of neuropathic pain cannot be induced during the first two postnatal weeks at all. A mature nervous system is required for the development of the described pathological behaviors.

Short- and long-term influences of hypoxia during early postnatal period of development on behavioral and hormonal responses in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 464 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor A. Mikhailenko ◽  
Irina P. Butkevich ◽  
Tatyana R. Bagaeva ◽  
Galina V. Makukhina ◽  
Vladimir A. Otellin
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Early Postnatal Period ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals Spontaneous intake and long-term effects of essential oils after a negative postnatal experience in chicks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence A. Guilloteau ◽  
Anne Collin ◽  
Alexia Koch ◽  
Christine Leterrier
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Transportation Delay

AbstractThe postnatal period is critical for broiler chicks as they are exposed to, possibly stressful, environmental changes in the hatchery and during transportation to the rearing houses. The ability of broiler chicks to spontaneously drink essential oils (EO) to mitigate the effects of a negative postnatal experience was tested. Chicks were either immediately placed in the rearing facility (C group), or subjected to a 24h-delay period before their placement (D group), mimicking the possible transportation delay in commercial conditions.In experiment 1, each group had access to either water only or to water and one EO (cardamom, marjoram or verbena) from D1 to D13. The verbena EO intake was higher in the D group than in the C group from D1 to D6 and the cardamom EO intake was lower in the D group than in the C group from D6 to D13.In experiment 2, half of the groups had access to water only and the other half was offered water and the 3 EO simultaneously. The EO were not differently chosen by chicks between D and C groups except a lower cardamom EO intake was observed in the D group than in the C group from D6 to D12. The delayed placement of the D group reduced chicken growth until 34 days of age and temporarily increased the feed conversion ratio, but did not affect their welfare or the prevalence of health disorders. The EO intake did not allow the chicks in the D group to overcome the growth reduction, but did overcome the reduction in Pectoralis major muscle yield. In conclusion, chicks are able to make spontaneous choices regarding EO intake according to their postnatal experience when EO are presented individually, but in our experimental design, they were not when EO were simultaneously presented. The EO intake only partially mitigated the decrease in chicken performance after the negative postnatal experience.

Common breast feeding problems in mothers in early postnatal period

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogendra Prasad R. ◽  
Chandrakala P. ◽  
Manasa G.
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Early Postnatal Period ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Antenatal Visits

Background: Breast feeding is the optimal method of feeding in infants and provides improved short and long term health outcomes. The objective of this study was to identify common breast feeding problems in mothers in early postnatal period.Methods: Four hundred and ninety-four mothers in early postnatal period admitted in Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre were enrolled in this study during the period from March 2016 to June 20016.All the mothers were questioned regarding about their knowledge of breast feeding, health education received during Antenatal visits, the problems during breast feeding and were also observed for any mistakes of mothers during breast feeding.Results: In this study, the age of the mothers was in the range between 18-38 years. Out of them most were house wives (87.5%) and from urban area (78.4%). This study showed lacking antenatal education of mothers about breast feeding. Among the study group only about 13% had the knowledge about breast feeding, which reflects real breast feeding problems especially in the postnatal period which is critical period in starting and continuation of breast feeding. Among the problems encountered, majority of the mothers had no experience how to hold the baby in right position for breast feeding (16.5%), mothers believed that milk was not sufficient (13%) and the refusal of the baby to suckle (8.7%).Conclusions: This study clearly shows that there is lack of knowledge regarding importance of breast feeding and its benefits to the baby by mothers, during antenatal visits which leads to all problems during breast feeding and hence has to be tackled earlier during pregnancy by educating them about breast feeding. 

Maternal mood in pregnancy: fetal origins of child neurodevelopment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivette Glover ◽  
Thomas G. O’Connor ◽  
Kieran O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fetal Origins ◽  
Infant Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Mood ◽  
Child Neurodevelopment ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
In Pregnancy

Women experience as many symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress during pregnancy as in the postnatal period. This can affect not only the woman herself but also the development of her fetus, and have long-term effects on several different outcomes including the cognitive ability and behaviour of her child, although most children are not affected. The particular outcomes affected may depend on the timing of the exposure, specific genetic vulnerabilities, and the quality of postnatal care provided. Recent research has shown that increased maternal anxiety is associated with altered placental function, and a greater association between maternal and fetal cortisol. This interrelationship of hormonal associations during the fetal stage could potentially impact on fetal/infant outcomes, and supports the need for continuing research in the field. Chapter 3 covers studies on maternal mood in pregnancy and explores the underlying mechanisms and types of stress.

Behavioural aspects of neonate survival

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
A. B. Lawrence ◽  
C. E. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Behavioural Aspects

AbstractThe postnatal period is the most dangerous phase of life and survival depends on the neonate behaving appropriately from birth. Consequently, many aspects of neonate behaviour are often near to being fully formed at birth. However, experience will often be required to shape the expression of the behaviour and improve its effectiveness. The immediate problems facing the neonate will be related to the overall reproductive strategy of the species. In pigs, sibling rivalry will be critical in establishing and maintaining fidelity to a teat, and this early conflict is probably most important for survival. The teat order that succeeds this early rivalry is probably not, however, the result of competition over the most productive teats but because of certain intrinsic advantages of teat fidelity that maximize growth. In sheep the need to quickly follow and solicit sucking only from the dam makes learning to recognise the mother a priority. Recent results suggest that the ability of the neonate lamb to recognize its mother has been under-estimated and that failure of lambs to recognise their mothers can make a significant contribution to mortality rates. Survival in any species is, however, not simply a matter of appropriate neonate behaviour but may depend critically on the quality of the interaction between the mother and offspring. It is difficult to determine the end of the neonate period given the often protracted nature of weaning. As weaning progresses there is a shift to bonding with siblings and peers and to an extent these relationships take over some of the social functions of the mother-infant relationship such as avoidance of predators. Lastly, experiences gained during the neonate period can have long-term effects on behaviour such as diet selection, social preferences and responses to fear with important implications for farmed livestock.

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

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