scholarly journals Automatic Segmentation of the Dorsal Claustrum in Humans Using in vivo High-Resolution MRI

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shai Berman ◽  
Roey Schurr ◽  
Gal Atlan ◽  
Ami Citri ◽  
Aviv A Mezer
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Reproducible Research ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
High Resolution Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Function

Abstract The claustrum is a thin sheet of neurons enclosed by white matter and situated between the insula and the putamen. It is highly interconnected with sensory, frontal, and subcortical regions. The deep location of the claustrum, with its fine structure, has limited the degree to which it could be studied in vivo. Particularly in humans, identifying the claustrum using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is extremely challenging, even manually. Therefore, automatic segmentation of the claustrum is an invaluable step toward enabling extensive and reproducible research of the anatomy and function of the human claustrum. In this study, we developed an automatic algorithm for segmenting the human dorsal claustrum in vivo using high-resolution MRI. Using this algorithm, we segmented the dorsal claustrum bilaterally in 1068 subjects of the Human Connectome Project Young Adult dataset, a publicly available high-resolution MRI dataset. We found good agreement between the automatic and manual segmentations performed by 2 observers in 10 subjects. We demonstrate the use of the segmentation in analyzing the covariation of the dorsal claustrum with other brain regions, in terms of macro- and microstructure. We identified several covariance networks associated with the dorsal claustrum. We provide an online repository of 1068 bilateral dorsal claustrum segmentations.

scholarly journals Cerebral Microinfarcts: A Systematic Review of Neuropathological Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon Brundel ◽  
Jeroen de Bresser ◽  
Jeroen J van Dillen ◽  
L Jaap Kappelle ◽  
Geert Jan Biessels
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
High Resolution Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Vascular cognitive impairment is an umbrella term for cognitive dysfunction associated with and presumed to be caused by vascular brain damage. Autopsy studies have identified microinfarcts as an important neuropathological correlate of vascular cognitive impairment that escapes detection by conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As a frame of reference for future high-resolution MRI studies, we systematically reviewed the literature on neuropathological studies on cerebral microinfarcts in the context of vascular disease, vascular risk factors, cognitive decline and dementia. We identified 32 original patient studies involving 10,515 people. The overall picture is that microinfarcts are common, particularly in patients with vascular dementia (weighted average 62%), Alzheimer's disease (43%), and demented patients with both Alzheimer-type and cerebrovascular pathology (33%) compared with nondemented older individuals (24%). In many patients, multiple microinfarcts were detected. Microinfarcts are described as minute foci with neuronal loss, gliosis, pallor, or more cystic lesions. They are found in all brain regions, possibly more so in the cerebral cortex, particularly in watershed areas. Reported sizes vary from 50 μm to a few mm, which is within the detection limit of current high-resolution MRI. Detection of these lesions in vivo would have a high potential for future pathophysiological studies in vascular cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals High-resolution MRI: in vivo histology?

2005 ◽  
Vol 361 (1465) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Bridge ◽  
Stuart Clare
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
High Resolution Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Very High

For centuries scientists have been fascinated with the question of how the brain works. Investigators have looked at both where different functions are localized and how the anatomical microstructure varies across the brain surface. Here we discuss how advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have allowed in vivo visualization of the fine structure of the brain that was previously only visible in post-mortem brains. We present data showing the correspondence between definitions of the primary visual cortex defined anatomically using very high-resolution MRI and functionally using functional MRI. We consider how this technology can be applied to allow the investigation of brains that differ from normal, and what this ever-evolving technology may be able to reveal about in vivo brain structure in the next few years.

scholarly journals Identification and Distribution of Novel Metabolites of Lolitrem B in Mice by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Reddy ◽  
Aaron Elkins ◽  
Joanne Hemsworth ◽  
Kathryn Guthridge ◽  
Simone Vassiliadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
High Resolution Mass ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Severe Intoxication ◽  
Lolitrem B ◽  
Resolution Mass

Lolitrem B is the most potent indole-diterpene mycotoxin produced by Epichloë festucae var. lolii (termed LpTG-1), with severe intoxication cases reported in livestock. To date, there are no in vivo metabolism studies conducted for the mycotoxin. A mouse model assay established for assessing toxicity of indole-diterpenes was used to investigate metabolic products of lolitrem B. Mice were administered lolitrem B at 0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg body weight (b.wt) intraperitoneally before body and brain tissues were collected at 6 h and 24 h post-treatment. Samples were cryoground and subjected to a biphasic or monophasic extraction. The aqueous and lipophilic phases were analysed using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS); data analysis was performed with Compound Discoverer™ software. A total of 10 novel phase I metabolic products were identified in the lipophilic phase and their distribution in the liver, kidney and various brain regions are described. The biotransformation products of lolitrem B were found to be present in low levels in the brain. Based on structure–activity postulations, six of these may contribute towards the protracted tremors exhibited by lolitrem B-exposed animals.

In vivo characterization of morphological properties and contact areas of the rat cartilage derived from high-resolution MRI

IRBM ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.T. Dao ◽  
P. Pouletaut ◽  
J.-C. Goebel ◽  
A. Pinzano ◽  
P. Gillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Contact Areas ◽  
High Resolution Mri ◽  
In Vivo Characterization

Imaging Stem Cell Behavior In Vivo Using High Resolution MRI

Neurosurgery ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. NA
Author(s):  
JAMES S. WALDRON ◽  
ANDREW T. PARSA
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
High Resolution Mri

Stress analysis of carotid plaque rupture based on in vivo high resolution MRI

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (14) ◽  
pp. 2611-2622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Yong Li ◽  
Simon Howarth ◽  
Rikin A. Trivedi ◽  
Jean M. U-King-Im ◽  
Martin J. Graves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
High Resolution Mri

scholarly journals A computational atlas of the hippocampal formation using ex vivo , ultra-high resolution MRI: Application to adaptive segmentation of in vivo MRI

NeuroImage ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 117-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Eugenio Iglesias ◽  
Jean C. Augustinack ◽  
Khoa Nguyen ◽  
Christopher M. Player ◽  
Allison Player ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Adaptive Segmentation ◽  
High Resolution Mri

scholarly journals Whole-Brain High-Resolution Metabolite Mapping with 3D Compressed-Sensing-SENSE-LowRank 1H FID-MRSI

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Klauser ◽  
Paul Klauser ◽  
Frédéric Grouiller ◽  
Sebastien Courvoisier ◽  
Francois Lazeyras
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Reconstruction Technique ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Isotropic Resolution

There is a growing interest of the neuroscience community to map the distribution of brain metabolites in vivo. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) is often limited by either a poor spatial resolution and/or a long acquisition time which severely limits its applications for clinical or research purposes. We developed a novel acquisition-reconstruction technique combining fast 1H-FID-MRSI sequence accelerated by random k-space undersampling and a low-rank and total-generalized variation (TGV) constrained model. This framework was applied to the brain of four healthy volunteers. Following 20 min acquisition, reconstruction and quantification, the resulting metabolic maps with a 5 mm isotropic resolution reflected the detailed neurochemical composition of all brain regions and revealed part of the underlying brain anatomy. Contrasts and features from the 3D metabolite distributions were in agreement with the literature and consistent across the four subjects. The successful combination of the 3D 1H-FID-MRSI with a constrained reconstruction enables the detailed mapping of metabolite concentrations at high-resolution in the whole brain and with an acquisition time that is compatible with clinical or research settings.

scholarly journals High-resolution MRI of flexor tendon pulleys using a 16-channel hand coil: disease detection and differentiation of psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Abrar ◽  
Christoph Schleich ◽  
Sven Nebelung ◽  
Miriam Frenken ◽  
Karl Ludger Radke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Disease Detection ◽  
High Resolution Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Changes ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Flexor Tenosynovitis

Abstract Background: To evaluate the value of 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes of flexor tendon pulleys for the differentiation of psoriatic (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using a novel 16-channel high resolution hand coil.Methods: Seventeen patients with active PsA, 20 patients with active RA and 16 healthy controls (HC) underwent high-resolution 3T MRI using the dedicated 16-channel hand coil. Images were analyzed by three independent readers for the degree of inflammatory changes, thickness of flexor tendon pulleys and comparison to the outcome measures for RA clinical trials (OMERACT) PsA MRI score (PsAMRIS) and to its sub-scores. For correlation analyses Spearman rho correlation was calculated.Results: Flexor tendon pulleys were thicker in PsA than in RA patients (mean difference 0.16 mm, p<0.001) and HC (mean difference 0.2 mm, p<0.001) and showed a higher degree of associated inflammatory changes (mean difference from RA: 4.7, p= 0.048; mean difference from HC: 14.65, p<0.001). Additionally, there was a strong correlation of accessory pulley inflammation and PsAMRIS and its acute-inflammatory sub-scores, flexor tenosynovitis, synovitis and periarticular inflammation (for second digit: synovitis ρ= 0.72, flexor tenosynovitis ρ= 0.7, overall PsAMRIS ρ= 0.72, p< 0.01). Similar robust correlations were evident in digits 3-5. Weaker correlations were evident in RA (synovitis ρ= 0.49, flexor tenosynovitis ρ= 0.49, periarticular inflammation ρ= 0.4).Conclusion: The assessment of MRI changes of flexor tendon pulleys is potentially beneficial for disease detection in PsA, as well as for its distinction from RA and HC.

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