scholarly journals Cortical Oscillations in Cervical Dystonia and Dystonic Tremor

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W Hess ◽  
Bryan Gatto ◽  
Jae Woo Chung ◽  
Rachel L M Ho ◽  
Wei-en Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Cervical Dystonia ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Precision Grip ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Head Turning ◽  
Dystonic Tremor

Abstract Dystonia involves sustained or repetitive muscle contractions, affects different skeletal muscles, and may be associated with tremor. Few studies have investigated if cortical pathophysiology is impaired even when dystonic muscles are not directly engaged and during the presence of dystonic tremor (DT). Here, we recorded high-density electroencephalography and time-locked behavioral data in 2 cohorts of patients and controls during the performance of head movements, upper limb movements, and grip force. Patients with cervical dystonia had reduced movement-related desynchronization in the alpha and beta bands in the bilateral sensorimotor cortex during head turning movements, produced by dystonic muscles. Reduced desynchronization in the upper beta band in the ipsilateral motor and bilateral sensorimotor cortex was found during upper limb planar movements, produced by non-dystonic muscles. In a precision grip task, patients with DT had reduced movement-related desynchronization in the alpha and beta bands in the bilateral sensorimotor cortex. We observed a general pattern of abnormal sensorimotor cortical desynchronization that was present across the head and upper limb motor tasks, in patients with and without DT when compared with controls. Our findings suggest that abnormal cortical desynchronization is a general feature of dystonia that should be a target of pharmacological and other therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Effects of Focal Vibration over Upper Limb Muscles on the Activation of Sensorimotor Cortex Network: An EEG Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Chong Li ◽  
Quan Xu ◽  
Linhong Ji
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Muscle Belly ◽  
Limb Muscles

Studying the therapeutic effects of focal vibration (FV) in neurorehabilitation is the focus of current research. However, it is still not fully understood how FV on upper limb muscles affects the sensorimotor cortex in healthy subjects. To explore this problem, this experiment was designed and conducted, in which FV was applied to the muscle belly of biceps brachii in the left arm. During the experiment, electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded in the following three phases: before FV, during FV, and two minutes after FV. During FV, a significant lower relative power at C3 and C4 electrodes and a significant higher connection strength between five channel pairs (Cz-FC1, Cz-C3, Cz-CP6, C4-FC6, and FC6-CP2) in the alpha band were observed compared to those before FV. After FV, the relative power at C4 in the beta band showed a significant increase compared to its value before FV. The changes of the relative power at C4 in the alpha band had a negative correlation with the relative power of the beta band during FV and with that after FV. The results showed that FV on upper limb muscles could activate the bilateral primary somatosensory cortex and strengthen functional connectivity of the ipsilateral central area (FC1, C3, and Cz) and contralateral central area (CP2, Cz, C4, FC6, and CP6). These results contribute to understanding the effect of FV over upper limb muscles on the brain cortical network.

Ayurvedic management of Ischemic Gangrene due to Diabetes Mellitus - A Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram S. ◽  
Saraswathi Devi H.N.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Acute Ischemia ◽  
Arterial Circulation ◽  
Ct Angiogram ◽  
Choice Of Treatment

Medical science says that ischemia is a common complication in Diabetes, especially in the lower limb but this is a case presenting ischemic changes in upper limb which is unique and also in such type of acute ischemia amputation is the only choice of treatment to save the life of patient from septicaemia. Such a rare and interesting case was taken at Sri Sri Ayurveda Hospital and handled by proper Ayurvedic line of treatment by which circulation is re-established which saved both limb and life of patient. A patient by name Sundaramma, 62yr Female, visited Sri Sri Ayurveda Hospital on 29/2/2016 with a diagnosis of Right upper limb Ischemia with Diabetes Mellitus and Active TB. The main symptoms were severe pain and burning sensation in Right hand and forearm, discolouration of fingers with ulcers, Bluish black discolouration over right thumb, necrosis, pus dischargeand stiffness, associated with difficulty in movement of right arm, shoulder joint, elbow joint, palm and fingers. Diagnosed as Right Upper Limb Ischemia with Diabetes Mellitus and active TB. Therapeutic interventions like Right upper limb Doppler and CT angiogram were done. Such a complicated case was taken at Sri Sri Ayurveda Hospital, and carefully handled by Ayurvedic methods of management, which was ended up by preventing amputation of the limb and also achieving the re-establishment of arterial circulation.

scholarly journals Identification of Brain Electrical Activity Related to Head Yaw Rotations

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3345
Author(s):  
Enrico Zero ◽  
Chiara Bersani ◽  
Roberto Sacile
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Electrical Stimulus ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Brain Electrical Activity ◽  
Output Function ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Head Turning ◽  
Identification Technique ◽  
The Brain

Automatizing the identification of human brain stimuli during head movements could lead towards a significant step forward for human computer interaction (HCI), with important applications for severely impaired people and for robotics. In this paper, a neural network-based identification technique is presented to recognize, by EEG signals, the participant’s head yaw rotations when they are subjected to visual stimulus. The goal is to identify an input-output function between the brain electrical activity and the head movement triggered by switching on/off a light on the participant’s left/right hand side. This identification process is based on “Levenberg–Marquardt” backpropagation algorithm. The results obtained on ten participants, spanning more than two hours of experiments, show the ability of the proposed approach in identifying the brain electrical stimulus associate with head turning. A first analysis is computed to the EEG signals associated to each experiment for each participant. The accuracy of prediction is demonstrated by a significant correlation between training and test trials of the same file, which, in the best case, reaches value r = 0.98 with MSE = 0.02. In a second analysis, the input output function trained on the EEG signals of one participant is tested on the EEG signals by other participants. In this case, the low correlation coefficient values demonstrated that the classifier performances decreases when it is trained and tested on different subjects.

scholarly journals Quantitative Assessment of Head Tremor in Patients with Essential Tremor and Cervical Dystonia by Using Inertial Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lazar Berbakov ◽  
Čarna Jovanović ◽  
Marina Svetel ◽  
Jelena Vasiljević ◽  
Goran Dimić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Cervical Dystonia ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Dystonic Tremor ◽  
Head Tremor ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Remote Health

Tremor is most common among the movement disabilities that affect older people, having a prevalence rate of 4.6% in the population older than 65 years. Despite this, distinguishing different types of tremors is clinically challenging, often leading to misdiagnosis. However, due to advances in microelectronics and wireless communication, it is now possible to easily monitor tremor in hospitals and even in home environments. In this paper, we propose an architecture of a system for remote health-care and one possible implementation of such system focused on head tremor monitoring. In particular, the aim of the study presented here was to test new tools for differentiating essential tremor from dystonic tremor. To that aim, we propose a number of temporal and spectral features that are calculated from measured gyroscope signals, and identify those that provide optimal differentiation between two groups. The mean signal amplitude feature results in sensitivity = 0.8537 and specificity = 0.8039 in distinguishing patients having cervical dystonia with or without tremor. In addition, mean signal amplitude was shown to be significantly higher in patients with essential tremor than in patients with cervical dystonia, whereas the mean peak frequency is not different between two groups.

Investigations on maladaptive plasticity in the sensorimotor cortex of unilateral upper limb CRPS I patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pfannmöller ◽  
S. Strauss ◽  
I. Langner ◽  
T. Usichenko ◽  
M. Lotze
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Maladaptive Plasticity

scholarly journals Intact finger representation within primary sensorimotor cortex of Musicians Dystonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sadnicka ◽  
Tobias Wiestler ◽  
Katherine Butler ◽  
Eckart Altenmueller ◽  
Mark John Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Spatial Shift ◽  
Spatial Measures ◽  
Primary Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Spatial Geometry

Musicians dystonia presents with a persistent deterioration of motor control during musical performance. A predominant hypothesis has been that this is underpinned by maladaptive neural changes to the somatotopic organisation of finger representations within primary somatosensory cortex. Here, we tested this hypothesis by investigating the finger-specific activity patterns in the primary somatosensory and motor cortex using functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) in nine musicians with dystonia and nine healthy musicians. A purpose-built keyboard device allowed fMRI characterisation of activity patterns elicited during passive extension and active finger presses of individual fingers. We analysed the data using both traditional spatial analysis and state-of-the art multivariate analyses. Our analysis reveals that digit representations in musicians were poorly captured by spatial measures. An optimised spatial metric found clear somatotopy but no difference in the spatial geometry between fingers. Representational similarity analysis was confirmed as a highly reliable technique and more consistent than all spatial metrics evaluated. Significantly, the dissimilarity architecture was equivalent for musicians with and without dystonia and no expansion or spatial shift of digit representation maps were found in the symptomatic group. Our results therefore suggest that the neural representation of generic finger maps in primary sensorimotor cortex is intact in Musicians dystonia. These results are against the idea that task-specific dystonia is associated with a distorted hand somatotopy and suggests that task-specific dystonia is due to a higher order disruption of skill encoding. Such a formulation can better explain the task-specific deficit and offers mechanistic insight for therapeutic interventions.

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