scholarly journals Effects of pen location on thermoregulation and growth performance in grow-finish pigs during late summer1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1375-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouassi R Kpodo ◽  
Alan W Duttlinger ◽  
Jay S Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Vaginal Temperature ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Trunk Skin

Abstract The effects of pen location on swine thermoregulation and growth performance were determined over 6 weeks during late summer. A total of 128 mixed sex pigs [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] were randomly assigned to 16 pens in two grow-finish barns (n = 8 pens/barn; 57.43 ± 1.33 kg initial body weight (BW)). Pen locations were determined based on orientation to ventilation fans and air inlets. Internal pens (IP; n = 4/barn) were in direct line of sight between the fans and air inlets while peripheral pens (PP; n = 4/barn) were located 0.70 ± 0.29 m to either side of a fan. Two sentinel gilts per pen were selected and vaginal temperature (TV) was measured in 10-min intervals using TV data loggers. Additionally, trunk skin temperature (TS) was measured with an infrared camera and respiration rate (RR) was measured by counting flank movements of the sentinel gilts twice daily (0800 and 1500 hours). Pen airspeed was measured twice daily (0800 and 1500 hours) at pig level with an anemometer. Individual pen ambient temperature (TA) and relative humidity (RH) were recorded daily in 10-min intervals. Feed consumption and BW were determined every 2 weeks. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4. Although airspeed was reduced overall (P = 0.01; 11%) in PP compared with IP, no differences (P > 0.10) in TA (27.53 ± 1.73 °C) or RH (68.47 ± 5.92%) were detected. An overall increase (P ≤ 0.02) in TV (0.23 °C), minimum TV (0.18 °C), and maximum TV (0.29 °C) was detected in PP versus IP housed pigs. Similarly, from 0800 to 1900 hours and 2000 to 0700 hours, TV was greater overall (P ≤ 0.01; 0.22 and 0.25 °C, respectively) in PP compared with IP housed pigs. An overall decrease in TS (P = 0.04) was observed in PP (37.39 ± 0.14 °C) compared with IP (37.61 ± 0.14 °C) housed pigs. No RR differences (P > 0.10; 76 ± 4 breaths per minute) were detected with any comparison. While no average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) differences were detected (P > 0.10; 0.74 ± 0.03 kg/d and 2.26 ± 0.08 kg/d, respectively), gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) was decreased (P = 0.02; 6%) in PP compared with IP housed pigs. In summary, pigs located in PP had greater body temperature and reduced G:F despite similarities in TA and RH between all pens.

scholarly journals Effects of coated and noncoated steroidal implants on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and serum estradiol-17β concentrations of finishing Holstein steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro H V Carvalho ◽  
Mariana F Westphalen ◽  
Jonathan A Campbell ◽  
Tara L Felix
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Coated Implant ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Abstract The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of coated or noncoated hormone implants on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and serum estradiol-17β (E2) concentrations of Holstein steers fed a grain-based diet for 112 d. Seventy-nine Holstein steers [average initial body weight (BW) = 452 ± 5.5 kg] were stratified by BW and allotted to one of two treatments: 1) Holstein steers implanted with a coated implant containing 200 mg of trenbolone acetate (TBA) and 40 mg E2 (Revalor-XS (Merck Animal Health; Summit, NJ)] on day 0 (XS) or 2) Holstein steers implanted two times (days 0 and 56) with a noncoated implant containing 80 mg of TBA and 16 mg of E2 [(2IS) Revalor-IS (Merck Animal Health)]. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). There was no effect (P ≥ 0.71) of implant strategy on initial, middle, and final BW. No effect (P ≥ 0.12) of implant strategy was observed on average daily gain, dry matter intake, or gain-to-feed ratio. There were no effects (P ≥ 0.11) of implant strategy on carcass characteristics. There was an implant × day interaction (P < 0.01) for the circulation of serum E2 concentrations. Serum E2 concentration increased similarly 14 d after Holstein steers were implanted, regardless of implant strategy. At 28 d, after steers were implanted, steers in the XS group had less serum E2 concentration than Holstein steers in the 2IS group. However, at 56 d after the first implantation, both groups, once again, had similar serum E2 concentrations and E2 concentrations were less on day 56 than day 28 for both strategies. Holstein steers implanted with 2IS had greater serum E2 concentration on day 70 and E2 concentrations remained greater than serum E2 of Holstein steers implanted XS for the duration of the trial (day 112). In summary, there was no effect of coated or two doses of noncoated implant on growth performance or carcass characteristics of Holstein steers.

scholarly journals 85 Impact of teat order on feed consumption in swine from birth to nursery

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 32-32
Author(s):  
Callan A Lichtenwalter ◽  
Jason K Apple ◽  
Elizabeth B Kegley ◽  
Tsung Cheng Tsai ◽  
Elizabeth Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Total Ghrelin ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Total P

Abstract This study evaluated the relationship between teat order and its impact on feed consumption in pigs through nursery. Pigs were observed 48 h after birth to be in either a cranial, middle, or caudal teat position. Growth performance data, and active and total plasma ghrelin concentrations (determined by radioimmunoassay) were analyzed from 2 pigs in each position from 6 litters (n = 36) at 7 d of age, 21 d of age (weaning), and 62 d of age (end of the nursery stage) to determine a relationship with teat order. At weaning, pigs were moved to an off-site nursery and housed 2 pigs/pen based on teat position and litter, resulting in 6 pens/teat position. Overall, no effect of teat order was found on average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.91), average daily feed intake (ADFI; P = 0.67), gain-to-feed ratio (G:F; P = 0.33), or body weight (P = 0.94) among pigs from each teat position. A linear relationship was found between teat order and ADG (P = 0.01) as well as G:F in nursery phase-1 (P = 0.01) with caudal pigs gaining more rapidly and being more efficient than cranial pigs. Yet, in nursery phase-2, cranial pigs had the greatest ADFI (linear, P = 0.05). No difference was seen in active (P = 0.18) or total (P = 0.63) ghrelin concentrations or the active to total ghrelin ratio (P = 0.68) in relation to teat order, although there were differences in active (P = 0.04) and total (P < 0.01) ghrelin concentrations among the sampling days with the least concentrations being on d 21 for active and total ghrelin. Further study should investigate what factors would contribute to these data contradicting previous inferences about the relationship of teat order and feed consumption in pigs

Effect of feed particle size and dietary melatonin supplementation on gastric ulcers in swine

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Ayles ◽  
R. M. Friendship ◽  
G. A. Bubenik ◽  
R. O. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Experiments

Gastric ulcers may be an underrecognized problem in the swine industry. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary melatonin supplementation and particle size on prevalence and severity of ulcers in growing pigs. Sixty-four Yorkshire barrows and gilts (29.5 ± 1.0 kg) received either a finely ground (763 ± 2.18 µm) or a coarsely ground (953 ± 2.29 µm) corn–wheat diet, either with or without added melatonin (5 mg kg−1). One half of the pigs underwent endoscopic examination to assess the severity of ulcers on days 4 and 25. Growth performance and feed consumption were monitored throughout the experiment. All pigs were slaughtered on day 28, and ulcers were assessed postmortem. Endoscopy at the beginning of the experiment found that 53% of the pigs already had some degree of ulceration. Pigs fed the fine diet had greater average daily gain and average daily feed intake than pigs fed the coarse diet (P < 0.05), but particle size did not significantly affect prevalence of stomach ulcers. Melatonin supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein (P < 0.04) and dry matter (P < 0.08) of the diets and decreased the prevalence of ulcers (P < 0.05) but did not significantly affect growth performance. Pigs that received melatonin had higher levels of melatonin (P < 0.01) in most gastrointestinal tissues, with highest concentrations found in the stomach (P < 0.001). Pigs that did not have ulcers had a higher concentration of melatonin in the plasma and stomach than pigs with ulcers (P < 0.05). Melatonin may be useful in decreasing ulcers. Initial ulcer condition may be a significant source of variation in growth experiments. Key words: Pigs, gastric ulcers, particle size, melatonin, gastrointestinal tract

scholarly journals 133 Provision of Artificial Shade During Summer Reduced Vaginal Temperature and Improved Growth Performance of Pregnant Grazing Beef Heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Gleise Medeiros da Silva ◽  
Jimena Laporta ◽  
Jose Carlos Batista Dubeux ◽  
Ricardo Chebel ◽  
Nicolas DiLorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Shade Cloth ◽  
Vaginal Temperature ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of providing artificial shade during the summer in Florida on growth performance and vaginal temperature (VT) of pregnant grazing beef heifers. From July to September 2017 (THI from 61.5 to 92.3), 36 black-hided Angus and Angus crossbred pregnant heifers (418 ± 20 kg BW) were stratified by breed, blocked by body weight (BW) and allocated to 12 bahiagrass pastures (Paspalum notatum Flüggé; 1.3 ha, n = 3 heifers/pasture), with (SHADE; 6 pastures) or without (NO SHADE; 6 pastures) access to artificial shade. The shade structures were comprised of a shade cloth that measured 11 × 7.3 m in length and provided 26.8 m2 of shade per animal. Shrunk and full BW were obtained on d 0 and 47, and on d 14 and 28, respectively, to assess changes in BW and average daily gain (ADG). Vaginal temperature was automatically recorded every 10 min for 5 d during weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7 of the study using an intravaginal digital thermo-loggers attached to a blank CIDR. Herbage mass was measured every 14 d to calculate herbage allowance (HA), and additional heifers were used as needed to maintain the same HA among pastures. No differences were observed for HA (P = 0.78). The ADG from d 0 to 47 (P = 0.08 and SEM = 0.07) tended to be greater for SHADE relative to NO SHADE heifers (0.20 vs. -0.02 kg, respectively), whereas no differences were observed for BW (P &gt; 0.10) throughout the study. Vaginal temperature was reduced for SHADE vs. NO SHADE heifers on weeks 1 and 3 (P &lt; 0.001); however, no differences were observed on weeks 5 and 7 (P &gt; 0.10). Providing artificial shade during summer to pregnant grazing beef heifers reduced vaginal temperature and tended to improve ADG.

scholarly journals PSVIII-4 Live growth performance of Jersey steers using an aggressive implant strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 304-304
Author(s):  
Tylo J Kirkpatrick ◽  
Sierra L Pillmore ◽  
Kimberly Cooper ◽  
Travis Tennant ◽  
Ty Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This experiment was designed to study the effect of days on feed and an aggressive implant strategy on Jersey steer growth performance. Steers (n = 30; start of trial body weight (BW) 183 ± 43 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments; negative control (CON) or implanted with Revalor 200 every 70 d (REV; d 0, d 70, d 140, d 210, d 280, d 350) for a total of 6 implants. Steers were weighed every 35 d and daily feed delivery was recorded daily. Data for dry matter intake (DMI) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were analyzed via a mixed model; the fixed effects were day and treatment. Live growth BW and average daily gain (ADG) used day as the repeated measure and animal as the subject in a repeated measures analysis. Change in BW increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01); treatments differed in BW from d 280 through d 350 (P &lt; 0.01). Average daily gain decreased (P &lt; 0.01) linearly and differed (P &lt; 0.01) at d 70, d 140, d 280, and d 350, but not (P ≥ 0.10) at d 210 or d 420. Dry matter intake was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for REV steers (7.6 kg/d) than CON (6.8 kg/d). Gain to feed ratio did not differ (P ≥ 0.78) between CON steers (0.13 kg/kg dry matter (DM)) and REV (0.14 kg/kg DM) steers, yet G:F differed (P &lt; 0.01) amongst periods (d 70 = 0.21 kg/kg, d 140 = 0.16 kg/kg, d 210 = 0.15 kg/kg, d 280 = 0.13 kg/kg, d 350 = 0.08 kg/kg, d 420 = 0.08 kg/kg). Aggressively implanting Jersey steers improved growth performance by 9.6%, 13.2%, 11.3%, and 7.7% for BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F, respectively.

scholarly journals Evaluation of two-stage weaning and trace mineral injection on receiving cattle growth performance and behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Jordan C Rauch ◽  
Rebecca S Stokes ◽  
Daniel W Shike
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Saline Injection ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effects of two-stage weaning and injectable trace mineral (ITM) on receiving cattle growth performance and behavior. Angus and Simmental × Angus steers (n = 136; body weight [BW] = 200 ± 26 kg) were utilized in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Calves were blocked by source, and assigned to one of four treatments: 1) two-stage weaning and ITM (2MM), 2) two-stage weaning and saline injection (2SAL), 3) abrupt weaning and ITM (AbtMM), or 4) abrupt weaning and saline injection (AbtSAL). On d−6, calves were weighed, plastic calf weaner devices (used to prevent calf from nursing) were inserted in two-stage weaned calves, and ITM or saline injections (1 mL/45.4 kg BW) were administered. On day 0, plastic calf weaner devices were removed, and calves were weighed and shipped 272 km to Urbana, IL. Steer behavior was observed the 2 d following separation from dam. Receiving period was day 0 to 42 and growing period was day 42 to 124. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and pen (six per treatment) was the experimental unit. Abruptly weaned calves had greater (P &lt; 0.01) preweaning average daily gain (ADG) than two-stage weaned calves. Treatment did not affect (P ≥ 0.16) ADG during the receiving or growing period; however, calves that received ITM tended (P 0.06) to have greater ADG from day 0 to 124. During the receiving period, abruptly weaned calves tended (P = 0.08) to eat more than two-stage calves and ITM calves ate more (P = 0.03) than calves that received saline. There was a weaning strategy × ITM interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for dry matter intake (DMI) from day 0 to 124; 2MM calves ate more (P &lt; 0.01) than 2SAL, but DMI was not different (P = 0.58) between AbtMM and AbtSAL calves. There was a weaning strategy × ITM interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) from day 0 to 124; 2SAL calves had greater (P = 0.05) G:F than AbtSAL, with 2MM and AbtMM calves being intermediate and not different (P = 0.38) than each other. Two-stage weaning decreased (P ≤ 0.02) the percentage of calves walking, standing, and vocalizing, and increased (P ≤ 0.02) the percentage of calves lying and eating following separation from dam. Two-stage weaning decreased preweaning ADG and behavioral signs of stress at feedlot arrival, but had no effect on overall growth. In addition, ITM had no effect on calf BW or behavior, but increased overall DMI in two-stage weaned calves compared to abruptly weaned calves and tended to increase overall ADG regardless of weaning strategy.

Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant enzyme activity, and fecal microbial flora in growing pigs fed diets containing Spirulina

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-847
Author(s):  
X. Liu ◽  
Y.S. Han ◽  
I.H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Gpx Activity

The present experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary Spirulina (SP) supplementation in growing pigs. A total of 140 pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc, 25.32 ± 1.36 kg] were randomly distributed to one of four treatments: control, basal diet; treatment 1, basal diet + 0.025% SP; treatment 2, basal diet + 0.050% SP; and treatment 3, basal diet + 0.100% SP. Growing pigs fed 0.050% SP diet had greater (P < 0.05) body weight and fecal Lactobacillus counts compared with pigs fed basal diet. Average daily gain and gain to feed ratio were greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed 0.050% and 0.100% SP diets as compared with pigs fed basal diet. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity for pigs fed 0.050% SP diet tended to increase compared with pigs fed basal diet (P < 0.10). Pigs fed 0.025%, 0.050%, and 0.100% SP had a higher (P < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity than pigs fed basal diet. In conclusion, SP supplementation improved growth performance and ATTD of DM, increased the SOD and GPx activity, and enhanced the fecal Lactobacillus counts in growing pigs.

scholarly journals 73 Effects of dietary neutral detergent fiber and standardized ileal digestible lysine levels on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 57-58
Author(s):  
Uislei Orlando ◽  
Ning Lu ◽  
Carine Vier ◽  
Wayne Cast ◽  
Xun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine

Abstract Our objective was to determine the effects of feeding different neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) levels on performance of growing-finishing pigs from 30- to 130-kg. A total of 2,016 barrows and gilts (PIC 280×Camborough, initial BW of 29.6±0.53 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Dietary treatments (Table 1) consisted with two NDF levels (13% or 20%) and two SID Lys curves (PIC2008 or PIC2016). There were 21 mixed-sex pigs per pen, and 24 pens per treatment. The experiment diets were fed in 3 phases. Wheat, wheat by-products, peas, and canola oil were used with NRC (2012) loading values to achieve treatments, and all diets were formulated to be iso-caloric (2,420 kcal NE/kg). Experimental data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with pen as the experimental unit. Increasing NDF level resulted in a reduction (P&lt; 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, hot carcass weight, carcass yield, carcass ADG, and backfat depth (Table 2), and tended to decrease percentage of removals and mortality (P=0.10). Pigs fed PIC2016 Lys curve had greater ADG and carcass ADG as compared to those fed PIC2008 Lys curve (P&lt; 0.05). There were NDF×Lys interactions (P&lt; 0.10) for ADG, gain to feed ratio (G:F), carcass ADG, and carcass G:F. These response criteria were improved for pigs fed PIC2016 Lys curve compared to those fed PIC2008 Lys curve when NDF level was 13%; while no evidence of differences was observed at 20% NDF. Results indicate that increasing NDF level from 13 to 20% deteriorate performance of 30- to 130- kg pigs; and the improved growth performance of pigs fed PIC2016 Lys curve as compared to those fed PIC2008 Lys curve was only observed when lower NDF level was presented.

scholarly journals Effect of inclusion rate of silage with or without alpha-amylase trait on finishing steer growth performance, carcass characteristics, and agronomic efficiency measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 942-949
Author(s):  
Warren C Rusche ◽  
Julie A Walker ◽  
Zachary K Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Inclusion Rate ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract One hundred ninety-two Continental × British steers [initial body weight (BW) = 420 kg (standard deviation = 24.7)] were used in a randomized complete block design finishing study to evaluate the effects of feeding two types of silage germplasm at two inclusion rates. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used with either a conventional hybrid (Golden Harvest G07B39-311A, Syngenta Seeds LLC, Minnetonka, MN; CON) or a hybrid with increased expression of alpha-amylase (Syngenta Enogen Feed corn, Golden Harvest E107B3-3011A-EVT5, Syngenta Seeds, LLC; ENO) fed at either 12% (12SIL) or 24% (24SIL) of diet dry matter. Steers were blocked by source and location (source 1: first three pen replicates, n = 10 steers per pen with a fourth pen replicate of six steers per pen; source 2: one pen replicate, n = 12 steers per pen) and assigned randomly within block to treatments, resulting in five pens and 48 steers per treatment. Steers were harvested after 126 (12SIL) or 140 (24SIL) days on feed (DOF). There were no silage hybrid by inclusion rate interactions detected for live growth performance (P ≥ 0.15). Silage hybrid did not affect average daily gain (ADG), gain-to-feed ratio (G:F), or final BW (FBW; P ≥ 0.35). Feeding 24% silage reduced ADG (P = 0.04) and increased G:F (P = 0.01) but increased FBW (P = 0.02) because of greater DOF compared with 12SIL. A hybrid by inclusion rate interaction was detected (P = 0.04) for calculated yield grade (YG) with steers fed 24SIL having increased YG within CON but not ENO. Hot carcass weight and rib fat were unaffected by silage hybrid (P ≥ 0.81) but were increased by feeding 24SIL (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). Feeding increased amounts of silage increased beef produced per hectare (P = 0.05). Source of silage did not affect feedlot growth performance of cattle but, because of slight differences in estimated silage yield, conventional silage produced more kilograms of beef per hectare (P &lt; 0.01). Feeding increased amounts of silage reduced G:F on both a live and carcass-adjusted basis but increased kilograms of beef produced per unit of land, which is paramount to cattle feeders who grow their own feedstuffs.

PSXI-26 Blend of essential oils supplemented alone or combined with exogenous amylase compared with virginiamycin on performance of finishing lambs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
Yesica Arteaga-Wences ◽  
Alfredo Estrada-Angulo ◽  
Manuel Franco ◽  
Guilherme S Vasconcellos ◽  
Tiago S Acedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Forty-eight Pelibuey × Katahdin (27.87±4.71 kg) intact lambs were used in a growth-performance trial lasted 87 days to assess the effects of treatments. Lambs were assigned to one of six weight groupings in 24 pens (6 replicas per treatment). Basal diet was comprised by cracked corn (14% CP and 2.08 Mcal ENm/kg) and was supplemented as follows: 1) No additives (Control); 2) supplemented with a blend of essential oils at dose of 150 mg EO/kg diet DM (EO, CRINA® Ruminants, DSM Nutritional Products); 3) supplemented with 150 mg EO plus 560 mg alpha-amylase/kg diet DM (EO+ENZ, RONOZYME® Rumistar, DSM Nutritional Products), and 4) supplemented with antibiotic virginiamycin (VM, Stafac 500, Phibro Animal Health) at dose of 28 mg virginiamycin/kg diet DM. Growth performance and dietary energetics were very similar (P &gt; 0.97) between EO and VM. In such way that, compared to Control, lambs supplemented with EO and VM tended (P = 0.09) to shown greater final weight (3.1%) and average daily gain (ADG; 5.9%) without difference on DMI (P = 0.99); thus, gain-to-feed ratio (GF) and observed dietary net energy (NE) were average improved in 5.7% (P &lt; 0.01). Compared to Controls, combining EO plus ENZ tended to increased DMI (6.8%, P = 0.09), but increased in 10.4% ADG (P &lt; 0.01) and in 4.4% (P = 0.02) feed efficiency. Lambs supplemented with EO shown lower (P ≤ 0.10) kidney-pelvic-heart fat than Controls and VM lambs. Compared to Controls, additive supplementation decreased (P ≤ 0.03) the relative weight of intestines, the effect being more pronounced with EO supplementation. Compared to VM, supplemental EO (alone or combined with enzyme) shown lower (10.1%, P ≤ 0.04) visceral fat. Supplemental essential oils is a viable alternative to virginiamycin in finishing high-energy diets for lambs. Combining essential oils plus amylase can be a strategy to promote better daily gain weights allowing target final weight at shorter time.

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