scholarly journals Chorionic somatomammotropin deficiency perturbs the metabolic transcriptome in the ruminant placenta

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_S1) ◽  
pp. S67-S71
Author(s):  
Amelia R Tanner ◽  
Robert A Cushman ◽  
Russell V Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Somatomammotropin

scholarly journals 152 Impact of chorionic somatomammotropin RNA interference on uterine blood flow and placental glucose uptake in the absence of intrauterine growth restriction

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 121-121
Author(s):  
Amelia R Tanner ◽  
Asghar Ali ◽  
Quinton A Winger ◽  
Paul J Rozance ◽  
Russell V Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Exact Function ◽  
Chorionic Somatomammotropin ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Chorionic somatomammotropin (CSH) is one of the most abundant hormones produced by the sheep placenta, yet the exact function of CSH has been elusive. Previously we reported the use of in vivo RNA interference (RNAi) to assess the impact of CSH deficiency on placental and fetal growth in sheep. Near-term (135 dGA), there are two distinct CSH RNAi phenotypes: 1) pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and 2) pregnancies with normal fetal and placental weights. This study describes physiological changes in the latter phenotype. To generate the CSH RNAi pregnancies, the trophectoderm of hatched blastocysts (9 dGA) were infected with lentiviral-constructs expressing either a scrambled control (NTS) or CSH-specific shRNA (CSH RNAi), prior to transfer into synchronized recipient ewes. At 120 dGA, 6 NTS and 6 CSH RNAi pregnancies were fitted with maternal and fetal catheters. Uterine and umbilical blood flows were measured utilizing the 3H2O transplacental diffusion technique at 132 dGA, and nutrient uptakes were calculated by the Fick principle. Resulting data were analyzed by Student’s t-test and significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. CSH RNAi tended (P ≤ 0.10) to reduce placentome weight with no effect on fetal weight. Absolute (ml/min) and relative (ml/min/kg fetus) uterine blood flows were reduced (P ≤ 0.05) in CSH RNAi pregnancies, but umbilical flows were not impacted. The uterine artery-to-vein glucose gradient (mmol/l) was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased, whereas the gradients for taurine and glycine were reduced (P ≤ 0.05). Uteroplacental glucose uptake (mmol/min/kg placenta) was increased 27% (P ≤ 0.05), whereas umbilical glucose uptake (mmol/min/kg fetus) was reduced 13%. This cohort demonstrates that even in the absence of IUGR, CSH deficiency has significant physiological ramifications, and the investigation of CSH RNAi pregnancies exhibiting both IUGR and non-IUGR phenotypes may help determine the direct effects of CSH and its potential impact on fetal programming. Supported by NIH R01 HD093701.

scholarly journals PSII-35 Melatonin supplementation and restricted nutrition do not affect chorionic somatomammotropin (CSH) concentration in ovine placenta from mid- to late- gestation

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 244-244
Author(s):  
Hanaa Mansour ◽  
Caleb O Lemley ◽  
Russell Anthony ◽  
Kendall C Swanson ◽  
Anna T Grazul-Bilska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Fetal Membrane ◽  
Nutrient Restriction ◽  
Binucleate Cells ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Vasoactive Factors ◽  
Ovine Placenta ◽  
Chorionic Somatomammotropin ◽  
Texas Red

Abstract Melatonin plays a role as a vasodilator. Vasoactive and angiogenic factors are expressed by placental binucleate cells (BNC) and produce chorionic somatomammotropin (CSH), known to impact fetal and placental growth. We hypothesized that melatonin supplementation and restricted nutrition from mid- to late-gestation would alter CSH concentration and some characteristics of BNC in placenta. At day 50 of gestation, ewes carrying singletons were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design and were fed either an adequate (ADQ; 100% NRC; n = 15) or restricted (RES; 60% NRC; n = 15) diet supplemented with 0 (CON, n = 14) or 5 mg of melatonin (MEL; n = 16). Placentomes were collected on day 130 of gestation and preserved in formalin for histological analysis. Cotyledon (COT) were snap frozen for western immunoblotting analyses. Tissue sections were stained using biotinylated Dolichos Biflurus (DBA; a marker of fetal membrane) lectin and fluorescein labeled Texas red-avidin and fluorescein labeled Griffonia Simplifolica (BS) lectin (a marker of BNC). The number, area, and diameter of BNC in COT were determined by image analysis. For immunoblotting, protein was extracted from COT in SDS phosphate buffer, loaded equally, and separated on 12.5% polyacrylamide gels. Protein was transferred to PVDF membranes and incubated with rabbit anti-CSH. Bands were visualized and imaged. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed procedure of SAS. Melatonin supplementation and restricted nutrition did not affect BNC number, area, or diameter, or CSH protein expression. While we reject our hypothesis that melatonin supplementation and nutrient restriction would alter the CSH concentration and BNC characteristics in COT, we continue to evaluate if the BNC produce angiogenic or vasoactive factors that may influence placental and mammary gland functions in sheep.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF CHORIONIC SOMATOMAMMOTROPIN RNA INTERFERENCE ON UTERINE BLOOD FLOW AND PLACENTAL GLUCOSE UPTAKE IN THE ABSENCE OF INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia R. Tanner ◽  
Cameron S. Lynch ◽  
Asghar Ali ◽  
Quinton A. Winger ◽  
Paul J. Rozance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Fick Principle ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Exact Function ◽  
Chorionic Somatomammotropin

Chorionic Somatomammotropin (CSH) is one of the most abundantly produced placental hormones, yet its exact function remains elusive. Near-term (135 dGA), CSH RNA interference (RNAi) results in two distinct phenotypes: 1) pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and 2) pregnancies with normal fetal and placental weights. Here we report the physiological changes in CSH RNAi pregnancies without IUGR. The trophectoderm of hatched blastocysts (9 dGA) were infected with lentiviral-constructs expressing either a scrambled control (Control RNAi) or CSH-specific shRNA (CSH RNAi), prior to transfer into synchronized recipient ewes. At 126 dGA, Control RNAi (n = 6) and CSH RNAi (n = 6) pregnancies were fitted with maternal and fetal catheters. Uterine and umbilical blood flows were measured at 132 dGA and nutrient uptakes were calculated by the Fick principle. Control RNAi and CSH RNAi pregnancies were compared by analysis of variance, and significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Absolute (ml/min) and relative (ml/min/kg fetus) uterine blood flows were reduced (P ≤ 0.05) in CSH RNAi pregnancies, but umbilical flows were not impacted. The uterine artery-to-vein glucose gradient (mmol/l) was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased. The uteroplacental glucose uptake (μmol/min/kg placenta) was increased (P ≤ 0.05), whereas umbilical glucose uptake (μmol/min/kg fetus) was reduced. Our results demonstrate that CSH RNAi has significant physiological ramifications, even in the absence of IUGR, and comparing CSH RNAi pregnancies exhibiting both IUGR and non-IUGR phenotypes may help determine the direct effects of CSH and its potential impact on fetal development.

Primary Structure of the Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin (HCS) Molecule

Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 173 (3991) ◽  
pp. 56-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Li ◽  
J. S. Dixon ◽  
D. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Primary Structure ◽  
Chorionic Somatomammotropin
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