scholarly journals Placental insufficiency improves when intrauterine growth-restricted fetal sheep are administered daily ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid infusions

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_S1) ◽  
pp. S6-S10
Author(s):  
Haley N Beer ◽  
Taylor A Lacey ◽  
Rachel L Gibbs ◽  
Micah S Most ◽  
Zena M Hicks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

scholarly journals Intrauterine Growth Restriction Is Associated with Changes in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Fetal-Maternal Relationships

2002 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 750-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Cetin ◽  
Niccolò Giovannini ◽  
Gioia Alvino ◽  
Carlo Agostoni ◽  
Enrica Riva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

scholarly journals Chronic exposure to elevated norepinephrine suppresses insulin secretion in fetal sheep with placental insufficiency and intrauterine growth restriction

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (4) ◽  
pp. E770-E778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael A. Leos ◽  
Miranda J. Anderson ◽  
Xiaochuan Chen ◽  
Juliana Pugmire ◽  
K. Arbor Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

In this study, we examined chronic norepinephrine suppression of insulin secretion in sheep fetuses with placental insufficiency-induced intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was measured with a square-wave hyperglycemic clamp in the presence or absence of adrenergic receptor antagonists phentolamine (α) and propranolol (β). IUGR fetuses were hypoglycemic and hypoxemic and had lower GSIS responsiveness ( P ≤ 0.05) than control fetuses. IUGR fetuses also had elevated plasma norepinephrine (3,264 ± 614 vs. 570 ± 86 pg/ml; P ≤ 0.05) and epinephrine (164 ± 32 vs. 60 ± 12 pg/ml; P ≤ 0.05) concentrations. In control fetuses, adrenergic inhibition increased baseline plasma insulin concentrations (1.7-fold, P ≤ 0.05), whereas during hyperglycemia insulin was not different. A greater ( P ≤ 0.05) response to adrenergic inhibition was found in IUGR fetuses, and the average plasma insulin concentrations increased 4.9-fold at baseline and 7.1-fold with hyperglycemia. Unlike controls, basal plasma glucose concentrations fell ( P ≤ 0.05) with adrenergic antagonists. GSIS responsiveness, measured by the change in insulin, was higher (8.9-fold, P ≤ 0.05) in IUGR fetuses with adrenergic inhibition than controls (1.8-fold, not significant), showing that norepinephrine suppresses insulin secretion in IUGR fetuses. Strikingly, in IUGR fetuses, adrenergic inhibition resulted in a greater GSIS responsiveness, because β-cell mass was 56% lower and the maximal stimulatory insulin response tended ( P < 0.1) to be higher than controls. This persistent norepinephrine suppression appears to be partially explained by higher mRNA concentrations of adrenergic receptors α1D, α2A, and α2B in a cohort of fetuses that were naïve to the antagonists. Therefore, norepinephrine suppression of insulin secretion was maintained, in part, by upregulating adrenergic receptor expression, but the β-cells also appeared to compensate with enhanced GSIS. These findings may begin to explain why IUGR infants have a propensity for increased glucose requirements if norepinephrine is suddenly decreased after birth.

scholarly journals Adrenal Demedullation and Oxygen Supplementation Independently Increase Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Concentrations in Fetal Sheep With Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (5) ◽  
pp. 2104-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni R. Macko ◽  
Dustin T. Yates ◽  
Xiaochuan Chen ◽  
Leslie A. Shelton ◽  
Amy C. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Chronic Hypoxemia

Abstract In pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), fetal glucose and oxygen concentrations are reduced, whereas plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations are elevated throughout the final third of gestation. Here we study the effects of chronic hypoxemia and hypercatecholaminemia on β-cell function in fetal sheep with placental insufficiency-induced IUGR that is produced by maternal hyperthermia. IUGR and control fetuses underwent a sham (intact) or bilateral adrenal demedullation (AD) surgical procedure at 0.65 gestation. As expected, AD-IUGR fetuses had lower norepinephrine concentrations than intact-IUGR fetuses despite being hypoxemic and hypoglycemic. Placental insufficiency reduced fetal weights, but the severity of IUGR was less with AD. Although basal plasma insulin concentrations were lower in intact-IUGR and AD-IUGR fetuses compared with intact-controls, glucose-stimulated insulin concentrations were greater in AD-IUGR fetuses compared with intact-IUGR fetuses. Interestingly, AD-controls had lower glucose- and arginine-stimulated insulin concentrations than intact-controls, but AD-IUGR and AD-control insulin responses were not different. To investigate chronic hypoxemia in the IUGR fetus, arterial oxygen tension was increased to normal levels by increasing the maternal inspired oxygen fraction. Oxygenation of IUGR fetuses enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin concentrations 3.3-fold in intact-IUGR and 1.7-fold in AD-IUGR fetuses but did not lower norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations. Together these findings show that chronic hypoxemia and hypercatecholaminemia have distinct but complementary roles in the suppression of β-cell responsiveness in IUGR fetuses.

The effects of low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA on biomarkers of inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Wei ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Liyong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Long Chain

The purpose of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if low-ratio n-6/n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation affects serum inflammation markers based on current studies.

Selected gene – polyunsaturated fatty acid interactions and risk of obesity

2010 ◽  
Vol 72 (08/09) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Jourdan ◽  
S Kloiber ◽  
H Himmerich ◽  
C Gieger ◽  
H Wichmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid
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