scholarly journals Effects of increasing dietary inclusion of camelina cake on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Hilbrands ◽  
L J Johnston ◽  
R B Cox ◽  
F Forcella ◽  
R Gesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine the dietary inclusion rate of camelina cake (CC) that would support the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs similar to that of a corn-soybean meal-based diet. Pigs (n = 192; BW = 35.2 kg; Duroc x (Yorkshire x Landrace)), balanced for sex and initial weight, were assigned to pens (8 pigs/pen) and pens were assigned randomly to one of four dietary treatments (6 pens/treatment). Treatments consisted of a non GMO corn-soybean meal control diet (CON), or CON containing 5% (5CC), 10% (10CC), or 15% (15CC) camelina cake. Feed disappearance on a pen basis and individual body weights of pigs were recorded every other week to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) on a pen basis. Prior to harvest, real-time ultrasonic measurements of back fat depth and loin eye area were collected on all live pigs. Pigs were harvested as a single group at about 23 weeks of age at a commercial abattoir. Data were analyzed using Proc Glimmix with dietary treatment as a fixed effect and pen serving as the experimental unit. Growth performance data collected over time were analyzed using repeated measures within the Proc Glimmix procedure. Overall, pigs fed CON exhibited similar ADG to those consuming 5CC and higher ADG than pigs consuming 10CC and 15CC diets (1.10 kg vs. 1.05 kg for 10CC and 1.02 kg for 15CC; P < 0.05 for both mean comparisons). Pigs fed CON consumed more feed than pigs fed any of the CC diets (ADFI = 2.66 kg for CON vs. 2.46 kg for 5CC, 2.46 kg for 10CC and 2.47 kg for 15CC; P < 0.05 for all). These differences resulted in heavier (P < 0.05) CON-fed pigs at marketing than 10CC or 15CC-fed pigs. There were no differences in any carcass traits analyzed. From these data, we conclude that feeding up to 5% CC in corn-soybean meal-based diets did not negatively influence growth performance, or carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs.

scholarly journals 78 Evaluation of the growth performance of finishing pigs (Genesus genetics) to titrated levels of dietary lysine

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
Russell W Fent ◽  
Jim D Hedges ◽  
Kelly M Peper ◽  
Dennis O Liptrap
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A total of 1,000 Genesus (Oakville, Manitoba, Canada) genetics pigs (51.8 kg body weight) were used to estimate the standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine requirement by dietary phase. Pigs were penned by sex at 25 pigs per pen. Pens were allotted to one of five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with eight replicate pens (four barrow, four gilt) per treatment. Growth performance was evaluated in four independent phases in which pens were re-allotted to dietary treatment between phases. Dietary SID Lys concentrations evaluated were 0.78, 0.88, 0.98, 1.08, and 1.18% for phase 1, 0.68, 0.77, 0.86, 0.95, and 1.04% for phase 2, 0.60, 0.67, 0.75, 0.83 and 0.90% for phase 3, and 0.53, 0.60, 0.67, 0.74, and 0.81% for phase 4. Diets were formulated to be isoenergetic within each phase. During phase 1 (52-64 kg), average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) increased (P < 0.01) quadratically with increasing SID Lys. Breakpoint analysis estimated the SID Lys requirement for ADG and G:F for phase 1 at 0.99 and 1.02%, respectively. During phase 2 (64-82 kg), ADG increased (P < 0.10) quadratically as dietary SID Lys increased with a plateau observed above 0.86% SID Lys. Gain:feed increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing SID Lys. During phase 3 (82-97 kg) cost of gain was a quadratic response (P < 0.10) with the breakpoint being at 0.76% SID Lys. During phase 4 (97-131 kg), a linear response (P < 0.02) in G:F was observed with increasing SID Lys but with no improvement above 0.67% SID Lys. These data indicate the SID lysine requirement for Genesus finishing pigs to be approximately 0.99% (23.0 g/d) for 52-64 kg, 0.86% (21.9 g/d) for 64-82 kg, 0.76% (20.2 g/d) for 82-97 kg, and 0.67% (21.6 g/d) 97-131 kg.

High inclusion rates of hybrid rye instead of corn in diets for growing-finishing pigs does not influence overall growth performance and most carcass traits are not influenced by hybrid rye

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly L McGhee ◽  
Bailey N Harsh ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Hybrid Rye

Abstract It was hypothesized that hybrid rye may replace corn in diets for growing and finishing pigs without impacting growth performance, carcass characteristics, or meat quality. A total of 128 pigs (23.69 ± 2.51 kg) were allotted to 4 treatments with 8 replicate pens per treatment. Phase 1 and 2 diets were fed for 35 d each and phase 3 diets were fed for 27 d. Within each phase, pigs were fed a control corn and soybean meal diet or a diet in which 33, 66, or 100% of the corn in the control diet was replaced with hybrid rye. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased (linear, P < 0.05) in phase 1 with increased dietary inclusion of hybrid rye. In phase 3, gain:feed (G:F) increased and then decreased (quadratic, P < 0.05) with more hybrid rye in the diet. Overall ADG, ADFI, and G:F did not differ among treatments. Diet did not impact most carcass traits, but loin (visual) and backfat (instrumental L*) color were paler (linear, P < 0.05) with greater inclusion of hybrid rye in the diet. Organ weights increased (linear, P < 0.05) with increased dietary hybrid rye. In conclusion, pigs fed hybrid rye consumed less feed in phase 1, resulting in reduced ADG, but growth performance for the entire growing-finishing period did not differ among treatments. Hybrid rye may replace all the corn in growing and finishing pig diets without diminishing growth performance or carcass quality, but feed intake may be reduced at high inclusion rates.

221 Camelina Meal as an Alternative Ingredient in Growing-finishing Pig Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
Adrienne Hilbrands ◽  
Yuzhi Li ◽  
Lee Johnston ◽  
Ryan Cox ◽  
William Lazarus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Camelina Meal

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine the most effective inclusion rate of camelina meal (CM) in growing-finishing pig diets. Pigs (n = 192; 11 wk old), balanced for sex and initial weight, were assigned to 4 dietary treatments (6 pens/treatment; 8 pig/pen). Treatments consisted of a non-GMO corn-soybean meal-based control diet (CON), and CON containing 5% CM (5%CM), 10% (10%CM), or 15% (15%CM) camelina meal. Feed deliveries and pigs were weighed every other week to calculate ADG, ADFI, and Gain:Feed on a pen basis. Focal pigs (5/treatment) were harvested at 23 wk of age at the University of Minnesota abattoir for meat quality analysis (drip loss, pH, fat depth, belly firmness, loin marbling score, shelf life) and the remaining pigs were harvested at a commercial abattoir. Before harvest, real-time ultrasonic measurements of back fat depth and loin eye area were collected on all pigs. Data were analyzed using Proc Glimmix with dietary treatment as a fixed effect and pen as the experimental unit with data collected over time considered as repeated measures. Pigs fed CON diet consumed more feed than pigs fed CM diets (P = 0.002; Table 1). Pigs fed CON diet exhibited higher (P = 0.002) ADG than pigs consuming 10%CM and 15%CM diets. These differences resulted in heavier (P = 0.003) CON-fed pigs at marketing than 10%CM or 15%CM-fed pigs. There were no significant differences in Gain:Feed, any carcass or meat quality traits analyzed (data not shown). These results suggest that supplementing 5% CM in corn-soybean meal-based diets will not negatively influence growth performance, carcass traits, or meat quality of growing-finishing pigs.

scholarly journals 73 Effects of dietary neutral detergent fiber and standardized ileal digestible lysine levels on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 57-58
Author(s):  
Uislei Orlando ◽  
Ning Lu ◽  
Carine Vier ◽  
Wayne Cast ◽  
Xun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine

Abstract Our objective was to determine the effects of feeding different neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) levels on performance of growing-finishing pigs from 30- to 130-kg. A total of 2,016 barrows and gilts (PIC 280×Camborough, initial BW of 29.6±0.53 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Dietary treatments (Table 1) consisted with two NDF levels (13% or 20%) and two SID Lys curves (PIC2008 or PIC2016). There were 21 mixed-sex pigs per pen, and 24 pens per treatment. The experiment diets were fed in 3 phases. Wheat, wheat by-products, peas, and canola oil were used with NRC (2012) loading values to achieve treatments, and all diets were formulated to be iso-caloric (2,420 kcal NE/kg). Experimental data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with pen as the experimental unit. Increasing NDF level resulted in a reduction (P< 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, hot carcass weight, carcass yield, carcass ADG, and backfat depth (Table 2), and tended to decrease percentage of removals and mortality (P=0.10). Pigs fed PIC2016 Lys curve had greater ADG and carcass ADG as compared to those fed PIC2008 Lys curve (P< 0.05). There were NDF×Lys interactions (P< 0.10) for ADG, gain to feed ratio (G:F), carcass ADG, and carcass G:F. These response criteria were improved for pigs fed PIC2016 Lys curve compared to those fed PIC2008 Lys curve when NDF level was 13%; while no evidence of differences was observed at 20% NDF. Results indicate that increasing NDF level from 13 to 20% deteriorate performance of 30- to 130- kg pigs; and the improved growth performance of pigs fed PIC2016 Lys curve as compared to those fed PIC2008 Lys curve was only observed when lower NDF level was presented.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Inulin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality in Growing–Finishing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weikang Wang ◽  
Daiwen Chen ◽  
Bing Yu ◽  
Zhiqing Huang ◽  
Yuheng Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Inulin is one of the commercially feasible dietary fibers that has been implicated in regulating the gut health and metabolism of animals. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary inulin supplementation on growth performance and meat quality in growing–finishing pigs. Thirty-six Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire White growing barrows (22.0 ± 1.0 kg) were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments consisting of a basal control diet (CON) or basal diet supplemented with 0.5% inulin (INU). Results showed that inulin supplementation tended to increase the average daily gain (ADG) at the fattening stage (0.05 < p < 0.10). Inulin significantly increased the dressing percentage (p < 0.05) and tended to increase the loin-eye area. The serum concentrations of insulin and IGF-I were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the INU group than in the CON group. Moreover, inulin supplementation significantly elevated the expression level of myosin heavy chain II b (MyHC IIb) in the longissimus dorsi (p < 0.05). Inulin significantly upregulated the expression of mammalian rapamycin target protein (mTOR) but decreased (p < 0.05) the expression level of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase MuRF-1. These results show the beneficial effect of inulin supplementation on the growth performance and carcass traits in growing–finishing pigs, and will also facilitate the application of inulin in swine production.

142 Evaluation of Proso Millet as a Partial or Complete Replacement for Corn in Growing-finishing Diets for Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Khang A Nguyen ◽  
Melanie D Trenhaile-Grannemann ◽  
Thomas Burkey ◽  
Phillip Miller
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing the inclusion of proso millet on the growth performance of growing and finishing pigs. Using a randomized complete block design, 36 crossbred barrows, with an average initial weight of 22.2 kg, were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (9 pens/treatment; 1 pig/pen). Diet 1 was corn-soybean meal-based (control) and Diets 2, 3, and 4 had proso millet replacing 33%, 67%, and 100%, respectively, of corn in the control diet. The diets were formulated according to 4 growth phases (P1, 25 to 50 kg BW; P2, 50 to 75 kg BW; P3, 75 to 100 kg BW; and P4, 100 to 135 kg BW) with nutrient contents formulated according to NRC (2012) recommendations. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS, using pig as the experimental unit. In P1 and P2, no differences in average daily gain (ADG) or average daily feed intake (ADFI) were observed among treatments (P &gt; 0.3). In P3, pigs consuming the proso millet diets had greater ADFI than pigs consuming the basal diet, especially pigs fed Diet 4 compared to pigs fed Diet 1 (3.66 vs. 3.29 kg; P &lt; 0.01). The ADG:ADFI ratio was not affected (P &gt; 0.1) by treatments during this period. In P4, although there was a difference in ADFI between pigs fed Diet 3 and Diet 1 (3.8 vs. 3.47 kg; P = 0.04), no decreases in ADG:ADFI ratio were observed among the four dietary treatments (P &gt; 0.5). Average daily gain was not affected (P &gt; 0.3) by treatments during the growing-finishing period, suggesting that the level of corn replacement up to 100% by proso millet did not affect pig growth. In conclusion, proso millet was shown to effectively replace corn in corn-soybean meal-based diet for growing-finishing pigs without compromising growth performance.

scholarly journals 79 Effects of dietary net energy and neutral detergent fiber levels on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Ning Lu ◽  
Carine Vier ◽  
Wayne Cast ◽  
Uislei Orlando ◽  
Márcio Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Finishing Pigs

Abstract Our objective was to determine the effects of feeding different net energy (NE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) on performance of growing-finishing pigs from 30- to 135-kg. A total of 2,058 barrows and gilts (PIC 380×Camborough, initial BW 33.4±0.60 kg) were used in a 97-d growth trial with 21 pigs per pen and 14 pens per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were formulated to contain 2.11, 2.21, 2.32, 2.42, 2.53, 2.63, and 2.73 Mcal NE/kg; and 24.2, 19.7, 15.1, 10.6, 10.2, 9.8, and 9.5% NDF throughout the experiment. Wheat, wheat byproducts, barley, rye, peas, fababeans, and canola oil were used with NRC (2012) loading values to achieve the treatments. Dietary lysine levels were set to meet PIC2016 lysine requirements for finishing gilts. Experimental data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models and linear and quadratic polynomial contrasts were built with pen as the experimental unit. Increasing NE or decreasing NDF improved (linear and quadratic, P&lt; 0.05) average daily gain (ADG), gain-to-feed ratio (G:F), carcass ADG, and carcass G:F (Table 1); but reduced (linear and quadratic, P&lt; 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI). Comparing to pigs fed 2.42 Mcal/kg diet (energy equivalent to a corn-soybean meal diet), even though those fed 2.11 Mcal/kg diet had 8.7% increment on ADFI, daily NE intake was still 5.4% less. Hot carcass weight, backfat depth, and carcass yield increased (linear and quadratic, P&lt; 0.05) and lean yield decreased (linear and quadratic, P&lt; 0.05) with increasing dietary NE and decreasing NDF. No evidence for differences (P &gt;0.10) were observed for loin depth. Removal and mortality rate was reduced (quadratic, P&lt; 0.05) with increasing dietary NE and decreasing dietary NDF. In summary, increasing dietary NE while reducing dietary NDF resulted in improvements on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and removal and mortality rate.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a novel threonine source for nursery pig diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton Humphrey ◽  
Spenser Becker ◽  
Jason Lee ◽  
Keith Haydon ◽  
Laura Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Nursery Pigs

Abstract Four hundred and eighty (PIC 337 X 1050, PIC Genus, Hendersonville, TN) pigs were used to evaluate a novel threonine source (ThrPro, CJ America Bio, Fort Dodge, IA) for nursery pigs from approximately 7 to 20 kg body weight (BW). After weaning, pigs were sorted by sex and fed a common diet for 1 wk. Upon completion of the first week, pigs were sorted into randomized complete blocks, equalized by weight, within 16 replications. Pigs were allocated to one of three dietary treatments: positive control (POS)—standard ileal digestible threonine-to-lysine ratio (SID; Thr:Lys) 0.60, negative control (NEG)—SID Thr:Lys ≤0.46, and alternative Thr source (TEST)—SID Thr:Lys 0.60. The alternative Thr source included fermentative biomass and was assumed to contain 75% Thr and a digestibility coefficient of 100% based on the manufacturer’s specifications. All other nutrients met or exceeded the NRC recommendations. Growth and intake data were analyzed as repeated measures with a compound symmetry covariance structure using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with pen as the experimental unit. Treatment, phase, the interaction between treatment and phase, and block were included as fixed effects in the model. Differences in total removals were tested using Fisher’s Exact Test of PROC FREQ. Results were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05 and considered a trend at P &gt; 0.05 and P ≤ 0.10. During the first 14 d, pigs fed TEST had decreased gain-to-feed ratio (G:F; 0.77 vs. 0.80, P = 0.022) compared to POS and increased G:F (0.77 vs. 0.73, P &lt; 0.001) compared to NEG. Over days 14–28, pigs fed TEST had similar G:F (0.71 vs. 0.70, P = 0.112) compared to POS and increased G:F (0.71 vs. 0.63, P &lt; 0.001) compared to NEG. Overall (days 0–28), pigs fed TEST had similar average daily gain (ADG; 0.47 vs. 0.47 kg/d, P = 0.982) and G:F (0.76 vs. 0.74, P = 0.395) compared to POS and increased ADG (0.47 vs. 0.43 kg/d, P &lt; 0.001) and G:F (0.76 vs. 0.67, P &lt; 0.001) compared to NEG. The average daily feed intake was not significantly different across treatments for the entirety of the study. In conclusion, the replacement of crystalline L-Thr with a novel Thr source resulted in similar growth performance in nursery pigs from approximately 7 to 20 kg.

scholarly journals 191 Effects of injectable vitamin C at weaning and prior to transit on growth performance and immune function of beef steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
Aubree M Beenken ◽  
Erin L Deters ◽  
Colten W Dornbach ◽  
Stephanie L Hansen ◽  
Joshua C McCann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Plasma Ascorbate ◽  
Antibody Titers

Abstract Ninety-one early-weaned (65 ± 11 d) Angus steers (92 ± 4 kg) were blocked by age to a 2 × 2 factorial examining effects of injectable vitamin C (VC) at weaning and/or prior to transport to the feedlot on antibody titers and growth performance. Injections (20 mL/steer) of VC (250 mg sodium ascorbate/mL) or saline (SAL) were given at time of weaning on d 0 (WEAN) and/or prior to a 6 hr trucking event to a feedlot on d 49 (TRANS). Steers were given booster vaccinations on d 0. Steers were weighed on d 0, 1, 14, 48, 49, 64, 106, and 107. Blood was collected (12 steers/treatment) on d 0, 1, 2, 14, 49 (pre- and post-transit), 50, and 51. Data were analyzed via Proc-Mixed of SAS (experimental unit = steer; n = 22–23/treatment) with fixed effects of block, WEAN, TRANS, and WEAN × TRANS. Plasma ascorbate concentrations for weaning (d 0, 1, and 2) and transit (d 49-pre-trucking, 49-post-trucking, 50, and 51) were analyzed as repeated measures (repeated effect = day). Plasma ascorbate concentrations were greater on d 1 and 2 for steers that received VC at weaning (VC = 19.6, SAL = 8.8 ± 1.26 µM; WEAN × day P &lt; 0.01). Similarly, ascorbate concentrations were greater on d 49 post-trucking, 50, and 51 for steers that received VC pre-transit (TRANS × day P = 0.01). Treatments did not affect bodyweight or average daily gain throughout the trial (P &gt; 0.32). There were no effects of treatment on serum Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus type 2 antibody titers on d 14 or 51 (P &gt; 0.33). An injection of VC administered to early weaned beef steers at weaning or pre-transit increases plasma ascorbate concentrations but does not improve growth performance or antibody response to vaccination booster.

scholarly journals 138 Effects of Increasing Soybean Meal in Corn-based Diets on Growth Performance of Late-finishing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
Julia P Holen ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of increasing levels of soybean meal (SBM) replacing feed grade amino acids in corn or corn-dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS)-based diets on growth performance of late finishing pigs. In both experiments, there were 22 to 27 pigs per pen and 14 pens per treatment. Average length of the experiments was 35 (Exp. 1) and 29 days (Exp. 2). Diets were balanced to contain 0.70% SID Lys and 2,667 or 2,610 kcal NE/kg for Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Minimum amino acid ratios relative to Lys were: Ile, 55; Met&Cys, 60; Thr, 65; Trp, 19.5, and Val, 70. Dietary crude protein ranged from 10.1 to 15.2 for Exp. 1 and 13.6 to 19.4 for Exp. 2. The statistical model considered fixed effects of treatment, linear and quadratic contrasts, and random effect of block. In Exp.1, 1,793 pigs (L337×1050, PIC; initially 104.9 ± 1.4 kg) were fed corn-based diets and pens of pigs were assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with increasing SBM from 5 to 20%. Overall, average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed (G:F) increased (linear; P &lt; 0.05) as SBM increased with the greatest improvement observed as SBM increased from 5 to 8.75%, with little improvement thereafter. In Exp. 2, 1,827 pigs (L337×1050, PIC; initially 97.9 ± 1.1 kg) were used in a similar study as Exp. 1, but all diets contained 25% DDGS and SBM levels increased from 0 to 16%. Overall, G:F and final bodyweight of pigs marginally improved (linear and quadratic, respectively; P &lt; 0.10) as SBM increased, with the greatest performance observed when diets contained 8% SBM. These results suggest that increasing SBM up to 8% at the expense of feed grade amino acids in corn or corn-DDGS-based diets improved ADG or G:F in late-finishing pigs.

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