scholarly journals Comparative efficacy of commercially available deoxynivalenol (DON) detoxifying feed additives on growth performance, total tract digestibility of components and physiological responses in nursery pigs fed diets formulated with naturally contaminated corn

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice W Mwaniki ◽  
R Quincy Buis ◽  
David Trott ◽  
Lee-Anne Huber ◽  
Chengbo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Sodium Metabisulfite ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Fungal Extract ◽  
Nursery Pig

Abstract Comparative efficacy of deoxynivalenol (DON) detoxifying feed additives (FA) was evaluated in growth performance (Exp. 1) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) (Exp. 2) nursery pig studies. Six corn-soybean-meal based diets were used: 1) positive control (PC, formulated with <1.5 ppm DON corn), negative control (NC, formulated with 5.5 ppm DON corn), NC+FA1 (clay plus yeast cell wall extract), NC+FA2 (aluminosilicate), NC+FA3 (aluminosilicate plus fungal extract), and NC+FA4 (Sodium metabisulfite, SMB). In Exp. 1, 144 pigs [(Body weight (BW), 10.2±0.1kg)] were housed (4 pigs/pen), allocated to diets (n=6) based on BW, and fed for 4-wk. The BW and feed intake were monitored weekly. On d 7, one pig/pen was bled for plasma and euthanized for organ weight and tissue samples. Assayed DON concentration in PC, NC, NC+FA4 was 0.29, 2.86 and 1.21 ppm, respectively. In wk-1, the ADG of pigs fed NC+FA4 was not different (P>0.05) to that of pigs fed PC diet but greater (P=0.01) than for pigs fed NC without or with other FA. Pigs fed NC and NC+FA2 had lower (P=0.026) ADFI than pigs fed PC and NC+FA3. Pigs fed NC+FA4 had greater (P=0.003) G:F than pigs fed the other diets. Diets had no effect (P>0.05) on ADG, ADFI, and G: F after first week, plasma concentration of urea and creatinine or liver and spleen weight. Pigs fed NC diets had greater (P=0.01) jejunal mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase 1 relative to pigs fed PC or NC plus FA. Jejunal histomorphology and mRNA expression of nutrient transporters, inflammatory cytokines and tight junction proteins and ceca digesta concentration of short chain fatty acids were not affected (P>0.05) by the diet. In Exp. 2, 24 barrows (BW 10.2 ± 0.3 kg) were individually placed in metabolism crates and allocated to four diets: PC, NC, NC+FA3 and NC+FA4 (n=6) containing TiO2 as digestibility marker. Pigs were adjusted to diets for 5 d, followed by a 2-d grab fecal sample collection. Pigs fed PC and NC+FA4 diets had higher ATTD of dry matter, gross energy, and crude protein than NC fed pigs. The FA3 was intermediate in digestibility response. In conclusion, feed additives containing sequestering component plus fungal extract or SMB in DON-contaminated feed resulted in commensurate nursery pig performance to PC. The tested feed additives mitigated intestinal oxidative stress through decreased expression of genes for superoxide dismutase.

scholarly journals 357 Evaluation of growth performance and physiology of nursery pigs fed deoxynivalenol (DON) contaminated feed supplemented with commercial feed additives (CFA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 143-144
Author(s):  
Youngji Rho ◽  
Conor Voth ◽  
Quincy Buis ◽  
David Trott ◽  
Lee-Anne Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Sodium Metabisulfite ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Four commercial feed additives (CFA) were evaluated for efficacy in detoxifying deoxynivalenol (DON) in diets fed to 144 nursery pigs (BW 9.80+/- 0.5kg; 2 gilts, and 2 barrows/pen). Six test corn-soybean-meal based diets were: 1) positive control (PC), formulated with clean corn (NC), 2) formulated with contaminated corn (5.5 ppm DON), 3) NC with enzyme+binder1 (NCB1), 4) NC with clay (NCC), 5) NC with enzyme+binder2 (NCB2) and 6) NC with sodium metabisulfite (NCP). Diets were allocated to pens (n = 6) based on BW and fed ad-libitum for 4-wk; BW and feed intake were monitored weekly. At the end of wk-1, one pig/pen was euthanized for tissue collection. Assayed DON concentration for PC, NC, NCB1, NCC, NCB2 and NCP were 0.38, 2.3, 2.3, 2.3, 2.4, and 1.9 ppm, respectively. Diet effects were only observed for ADG and G:F in wk-1; pigs fed NCP had higher (P = 0.01) ADG compared to pigs fed NC and NCC, whilst pigs fed other diets had intermediate and similar ADG (P > 0.05) to pigs fed NC or NCC. Pigs fed NCP showed higher (P = 0.02) G:F relative to pigs fed other diets. The final BW was 31.3, 30.8, 30.4, 30.8, 31.1 and 32.2kg for PC, NC, NCB1, NCC, NCB2 and NCP-fed pigs, respectively. There were no (P > 0.05) diet effects on ADFI throughout the study. There was no (P > 0.05) diet effects on liver and spleen weight, jejunum morphology and concentration of plasma creatinine and urea. Ceca digesta concentration of citric acid was higher (P = 0.03) in pigs fed NCP than pigs fed NCB2. In conclusion, the lack of differences between PC and NC suggested pigs were tolerant to higher DON levels than the regulated dietary maximum of 1 ppm. Improved ADG and G:F due to NCP vs. NC was transient and was not linked to physiological responses.

scholarly journals Organic Acids as Alternatives for Antibiotic Growth Promoters Alter the Intestinal Structure and Microbiota and Improve the Growth Performance in Broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Dai ◽  
Kai Qiu ◽  
Hai-jun Zhang ◽  
Shu-geng Wu ◽  
Yan-ming Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Goblet Cell Density

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of organic acids (OA) as alternatives for antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) on growth performance, intestinal structure, as well as intestinal microbial composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiles in broilers. A total of 336 newly hatched male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 3 dietary treatments including the basal diet [negative control (NC)], the basal diet supplemented with 5 mg/kg flavomycin, and the basal diet supplemented with OA feed additives. Each treatment had eight replicates with 14 birds each. The results showed that AGP and OA promoted growth during day 22–42 compared with the NC group (P < 0.05). OA significantly increased the jejunal goblet cell density and ileal villus height on day 42 compared with the NC group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, OA up-regulated the mRNA expression of jejunal barrier genes (Claudin-3 and ZO-1) relative to the NC group (P < 0.05). Significant changes of microbiota induced by the OA were also found on day 42 (P < 0.05). Several SCFAs-producing bacteria like Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, and Peptococcaceae affiliated to the order Clostridiales were identified as biomarkers of the OA group. Higher concentrations of SCFAs including formic acid and butyric acid were observed in the cecum of OA group (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, the abundance of family Ruminococcaceae showed highly positive correlations with the body weight and mRNA level of ZO-1 on day 42 (P < 0.05). However, AGP supplementation had the higher mRNA expression of Claudin-2, lower goblet cell density of jejunum, and decreased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, suggesting that AGP might have a negative impact on intestinal immune and microbiota homeostasis. In conclusion, the OA improved growth performance, intestinal morphology and barrier function in broilers, which might be attributed to the changes of intestinal microbiota, particularly the enrichment of SCFAs-producing bacteria, providing a more homeostatic and healthy intestinal microecology.

The effects of pharmacological levels of zinc, diet acidification and dietary crude protein on growth performance on nursery pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade M Hutchens ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Jordan Gebhardt ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract This experiment was conducted to evaluate potential replacements for pharmacological levels of Zn (provided by Zn oxide), such as diet acidification (sodium diformate), and low dietary crude protein (CP: 21 vs 18%) on nursery pig performance and fecal dry matter (DM). A total of 360 weaned pigs (Line 200 × 400, DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 5.90 ± 0.014 kg) were used in a 42-d growth study. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21-d of age and randomly assigned to pens (5 pigs per pen). Pens were then allotted to 1 of 8 dietary treatments with 9 pens per treatment. Experimental diets were fed in two phases: Phase 1 from weaning to d 7 and phase 2 from d 7 to 21; with all pigs fed the same common diet from d 21 to 42. The eight treatment diets were arranged as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of Zn (110 mg/kg from d 0 to 21 or 3,000 mg/kg from d 0 to 7, and 2,000 mg/kg from d 7 to 21), diet acidification, (without or with 1.2% sodium diformate), and dietary CP (21 or 18%, 1.40 and 1.35% in Phase 1 and 2 vs 1.20% standardized ileal digestible Lys, respectively). Fecal samples were collected weekly from the same 3 pigs per pen to determine DM content. No 2- or 3-way interactions (P > 0.05) were observed throughout the 42-d study for growth performance; however, there was a Zn × acidifier × CP interaction (P < 0.05) for fecal DM on d 7 and for the overall average of the 6 collection periods. Reducing CP without acidification or pharmacological levels of Zn increased fecal DM, but CP had little effect when ZnO was present in the diet. From d 0 to 21, significant (P < 0.05) main effects were observed where average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed (G:F) increased for pigs fed pharmacological levels of Zn, sodium diformate, or 21% CP (P < 0.065). In the subsequent period (d 21 to 42) after the experimental diets were fed, there was no evidence of difference in growth performance among treatments. Overall (d 0 to 42), main effect tendencies were observed (P < 0.066) for pigs fed added Zn or sodium diformate from d 0 to 21 whereas pigs fed 21% CP had greater G:F than those fed 18% CP. Pig weight on d 42 was increased by adding Zn (P < 0.05) or acidifier (P < 0.06) but not CP. In summary, none of the feed additives had a major influence on fecal DM, but dietary addition of pharmacological levels of Zn or sodium diformate independently improved nursery pig performance.

PSIV-11 Effects of Phytogenic Feed Additives on Growth Performance Traits of Finishing Swine

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 187-188
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Xue ◽  
Don W Giesting ◽  
Mark D Newcomb ◽  
Chad M Pilcher ◽  
Matthew J Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Commercial Research

Abstract This study was conducted at a commercial research facility and utilized 1,092 finishing pigs (PIC® 337 × Camborough®) in a RCBD with 3 dietary treatments to determine the effects of commercially available phytogenic feed additives on growth performance traits in finishing swine for the last 35 d prior to marketing. The dietary treatments were as follows: 1) Control; 2) Aromex Pro® (AP; Delacon) fed at 0.01%; and 3) Ambitine® (AM; PMI) fed at 0.1%. Pens with 13 pigs/pen and 0.66 m2/pig were randomly allotted to treatments on the basis of live weight and gender. Pigs had ad libitum access to corn-soy diets that met or exceeded the pig’s requirements (NRC, 2012). Aromex Pro® and Ambitine® were added to the diets at the expense of corn. Dietary treatments started on day 0 (BW = 97.7 kg; SEM = 1.04) and were fed throughout the 35 d trial period. On d 21, the two heaviest pigs per pen were marketed, while the remaining pigs in each pen were marketed on d 35. Pigs and feeders were weighed on d 0, 21, and 35. Data were analyzed by using PROC MIXED of SAS® version 9.4, and pen was the experimental unit. The model included the fixed effect of treatment and random effect of replicate. Pre-planned orthogonal contrasts were used to compare AP vs. Control and AM vs. Control. Feeding AP or AM for the last 35 d in finishing both improved (P < 0.05) ADG by 4%, ADFI by 3% and final BW by 1.6 kg over Control, but did not change feed to gain or mortality. These data demonstrate that phytogenic feed additives can improve growth performance traits in finishing swine.

scholarly journals Effects of Supplements Differing in Fatty Acid Profile to Late Gestational Beef Cows on Steer Progeny Finishing Phase Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and mRNA Expression of Myogenic and Adipogenic Genes

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1904
Author(s):  
Taoqi Shao ◽  
Joshua C. McCann ◽  
Daniel W. Shike
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Phase Growth ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Relative Mrna Expression

The objective was to investigate the effects of feeding late gestational beef cows supplements differing in fatty acid profile on steer progeny finishing phase growth performance, carcass characteristics, and relative mRNA expression of myogenic and adipogenic genes. Seventy Angus-cross steers (initial body weight [BW] 273 ± 34 kg) born from dams supplemented with either 155 g DM/d EnerGII (CON, rich in palmitic and oleic acids) or 80 g DM/d Strata + 80 g DM/d Prequel (PUFA, rich in linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid) for the last 77 ± 6 d prepartum were used. Longissimus muscle and subcutaneous adipose biopsies were collected to evaluate relative mRNA expression of genes related to myogenesis and adipogenesis. Steers were slaughtered at 423 ± 6 d of age. No treatment × time interaction or treatment effect (p ≥ 0.21) was detected for steer finishing phase BW, while steers from PUFA supplemented dams tended (p = 0.06) to have a greater gain to feed ratio (G:F). Neither carcass characteristics nor relative mRNA expression was different (p ≥ 0.11). In conclusion, late gestation PUFA supplementation tended to increase steer progeny finishing phase G:F, but had no effects on finishing phase BW, carcass characteristics, or relative mRNA expression during the finishing phase.

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