scholarly journals A survey of current levels of trace minerals and vitamins used in commercial diets by the Brazilian pork industry—a comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danyel Bueno Dalto ◽  
Caio Abércio da Silva
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Pork Industry ◽  
The North ◽  
Commercial Diets ◽  
Margin Of Safety ◽  
Iron Manganese

Abstract This study identified the levels of trace minerals and vitamins used in commercial diets by the Brazilian pork industry and compared these levels against the Brazilian reference tables and those from the North American pork industry. Animal feed companies (n = 15) and cooperatives/agro-industries (n = 15) from the Brazilian pork sector participated in this study. Levels of vitamin A, D, E, and K, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid, vitamin B12, choline, vitamin C, cobalt, copper, chromium, iodine, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc were collected. Data were compiled by feeding phase to determine descriptive statistics. Ratios were calculated comparing the observed levels to those from the Brazilian reference tables and those from the North American pork industry. Average levels of trace minerals and vitamins used by the Brazilian pork industry were between 40% and 240% higher than the recommendations of the Brazilian reference tables. Compared to the North American pork industry, Brazilian levels for trace minerals were overall higher but for water-soluble vitamins they were significantly lower. Large between-companies variations were observed for most of the studied nutrients, especially for water-soluble vitamins. In conclusion, the Brazilian pork industry adds a significant margin of safety for trace minerals and vitamins supplementation. The large between-companies variations, especially for water-soluble vitamins, reflect the limited knowledge available on precise levels of supplementation for trace nutrients for pigs.

scholarly journals Review: innovation through research in the North American pork industry

animal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2951-2966 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Boyd ◽  
C.E. Zier-Rush ◽  
A.J. Moeser ◽  
M. Culbertson ◽  
K.R. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Pork Industry ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on air pollution transport

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 869-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Christoudias ◽  
A. Pozzer ◽  
J. Lelieveld
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North American ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Abstract. We examined the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the atmospheric dispersion of pollution by computing the emission, transport and removal of idealized insoluble gaseous and water-soluble aerosol tracers, tagged by the continent of origin. We simulated a period of 50 yr (1960–2010), using the ECHAM5/MESSy1 atmospheric chemistry (EMAC) general circulation model. The model accounts for anthropogenic, biogenic and biomass burning sources, removal of trace gases through OH oxidation, and precipitation, sedimentation and deposition of aerosols. The model is shown to reproduce the observed spatial features of the NAO, moisture transports and precipitation. During high NAO phase seasons the axis of maximum westerly North American trace gas transports extends relatively far to the north and east over Europe. The NAO phase is significantly correlated with North American insoluble gas and soluble aerosol tracer concentrations over the northwestern Atlantic Ocean and across northern Europe, and with European trace gases and aerosols over Africa and north of the Arctic circle. We find a strong anti-correlation between the phase of the NAO and European pollutant gas concentration over western and central Europe.

scholarly journals Influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on air pollution transport

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 25967-25989
Author(s):  
T. Christoudias ◽  
A. Pozzer ◽  
J. Lelieveld
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North American ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Abstract. We examined the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the atmospheric dispersion of pollution by computing the emission, transport and removal of insoluble gaseous and water-soluble aerosol tracers, tagged by the continent of origin. We simulated a period of 50 yr (1960–2010), using the ECHAM/MESSy atmospheric chemistry (EMAC) general circulation model. The model accounts for anthropogenic, biogenic and biomass burning sources, removal of trace gases through OH oxidation, and precipitation, sedimentation and deposition of aerosols. The model is shown to reproduce the observed spatial features of the NAO, moisture transports and precipitation. During high NAO phase seasons the axis of maximum westerly North American trace gas transports extends relatively far to the north and east over Europe. The NAO phase is significantly correlated with North American tracer concentrations over the northwestern Atlantic Ocean and across northern Europe, and with European trace gases and aerosols beyond the arctic circle. Our results indicate marked differences and partly reversed correlations for the insoluble gas and the soluble aerosol tracers. We find a strong anti-correlation over western and central Europe between European pollutant gas and aerosol concentrations and the phase of the NAO.

Pectic enzyme patterns as a taxonomic tool for the characterization of Gremmeniella spp. isolates

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 891-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Lecours ◽  
Luigi Toti ◽  
Thomas N. Sieber ◽  
Orlando Petrini
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Host Genus ◽  
Pectic Enzyme ◽  
The North ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Enzyme Patterns

Isolates of different species of the conifer pathogen Gremmeniella, including some cultures from western Canada and some endophytic isolates, have been characterized by pectic enzyme patterns. Pectinase isozyme patterns are in good agreement with results of electrophoresis of mycelial water-soluble proteins. The North American and European races of G. abietina var. abietina can be distinguished on the basis of a cathodal polygalacturonase band present in all isolates of the former but absent in the latter. Another band, present in all isolates, shows polymorphisms related to the host from which the isolates are derived, thus making it possible to group them on a pathogen race – host genus basis. Sixteen isolates originating from western Canada that were previously found to belong to the North American race with a water-soluble protein assay were also found to belong to that race following the analysis of pectic enzymes. It was not possible using our assay to distinguish between isolates of Brunchorstia pinea var. cembrae and others derived from other Pinus spp. Among the endophytic isolates, the Pinus cembra endophytes show the same polygalacturonase profile as those from diseased pines. Key words: ascomycetes, diagnostic tools, electrophoresis, plant pathology, taxonomy.

1588: The Bicalutamide Early Prostate Cancer Program: Findings of the North American Trial at 7.7 Years' Median Follow-Up

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 511-512
Author(s):  
David G. McLeod ◽  
Ira Klimberg ◽  
Donald Gleason ◽  
Gerald Chodak ◽  
Thomas Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
North American ◽  
Early Prostate Cancer ◽  
The North ◽  
Cancer Program
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