scholarly journals Fiber degrading enzymes increased monosaccharides release and fermentation in corn distillers dried grains with solubles and wheat middlings steeped without or with protease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngji Rho ◽  
Rob Patterson ◽  
Iris Joye ◽  
Mario Martinez ◽  
E James Squires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Feed Enzymes ◽  
Corn Distillers ◽  
Xylose Concentration

Abstract Treating fibrous feed ingredients with exogenous feed enzymes may improve their utilization in monogastric animals. An in vitro study was conducted to determine the effects of steeping corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) or wheat middlings (WM) with exogenous feed enzymes. Four treatments were arranged as follows: 1) co-product steeped with water (CON), 2) CON plus 0.5-g fiber degrading enzymes (FDE), 3) CON plus 0.5-g protease (PRO), and 4) CON plus 0.5-g FDE and 0.5 g PRO (FDEPRO). The FDE contained about 62,000, 37,000, and 8,000 U/g of xylanase, cellulase, and β-glucanase, respectively, whereas activities in PRO amounted to 2,500,000, 1,300,000, and 800,000 U/g of acid, alkaline, and neutral proteases, respectively. Briefly, 50 g of DDGS or WM samples (n = 8) were mixed with 500-mL water with or without enzymes and steeped for 0 to 72 h at 37 °C with continuous agitation. The pH, concentration of monosaccharides, and organic acids in the supernatant and apparent disappearance (AD) of fiber in solids were measured at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. There was treatment and time interaction (P < 0.005) on monosaccharides concentration. At 12 h, arabinose and glucose concentrations were similar (P > 0.05) between FDE and FDEPRO but higher (P = 0.002) than for CON in DDGS. For WM, FDE, and FDEPRO had higher (P < 0.001) xylose concentration than CON and PRO, whereas glucose concentration was higher (P < 0.001) for enzymes than CON at 12 h. However, FDEPRO had higher (P < 0.001) xylose concentration than CON, whereas xylose concentration for FDE and PRO was intermediate at 24 h. There was an interaction (P < 0.05) between treatment and time effect on lactic acid concentration in DDGS and WM (P < 0.005), and acetic acid concentration in WM (P < 0.001). In general, monosaccharide concentration was higher between 12 and 24 h and decreased after 48 h, whereas the pH decreased, and concentration of organic acids increased continuously over time (P < 0.05). The AD of NDF and ADF in DDGS was greater (P = 0.001) for FDE and FDEPRO than CON and PRO at 72 h. In WM, enzymes increased (P = 0.007) AD of NDF relative to CON at 72 h. Nonetheless, greater (P < 0.05) AD of fiber was observed between 48 and 72 h. In conclusion, although there were differences in responses among co-products, fiber degrading enzymes increased release of fermentable monosaccharides from co-products at 12 to 24 h of steeping and these effects were not extended with the addition of protease.

scholarly journals In vitro study on the effect of organic acids on Campylobacter jejuni/coli populations in mixtures of water and feed

2002 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Chaveerach ◽  
D.A. Keuzenkamp ◽  
H.A. Urlings ◽  
L.J. Lipman ◽  
F van Knapen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study

Effects of dietary supplement sources on the rate and extent of in vitro ruminal degradation of alfalfa-based diets for cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-252
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Trotta ◽  
Kendall C. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Initial Rate ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
Corn Distillers

Two ruminally cannulated steers [928 ± 25.5 kg body weight (BW)] were fed alfalfa hay at 2.0% of BW and served as donors of rumen fluid. Treatments were early-bud alfalfa (CON) or a combination [dry matter (DM) basis] of 80% early-bud alfalfa with 20% of corn silage (CS), brome grass hay (BGH), soybean hulls (SBH), beet pulp (BP), corn grain (CORN), dried corn distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS), or wheat middlings (MIDD). Tubes were incubated at multiple time points over a 72 h period and assessed for rate and extent of digestion. Samples were run in duplicate and replicated over 3 d. The potential extent of DM and organic matter (OM) degradation increased (P < 0.001) with CS, SBH, BP, CORN, and DDGS supplementation compared with CON. All supplements except MIDD decreased (P < 0.001) the fractional rates of DM and OM degradation compared with CON, with BGH, SBH, and DDGS having the lowest rates. Supplementation of SBH had the lowest (P < 0.001) initial rate of DM and OM degradation. These data indicate that SBH increases the extent of digestion while reducing the initial rate of degradation, suggesting that SBH has potential to reduce the incidence of frothy legume bloat.

scholarly journals In vitro unfermented fiber is a good predictor of the digestible and metabolizable energy content of corn distillers dried grains with solubles in growing pigs1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 3460-3471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhikai Zeng ◽  
Jae Cheol Jang ◽  
Brian J Kerr ◽  
Gerald C Shurson ◽  
Pedro E Urriola
Keyword(s):  
Good Predictor ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Corn Distillers ◽  
Best Fit

Abstract Characterizing fiber into fermentable and unfermentable fractions may enhance the accuracy of estimating DE and ME energy content in fiber-rich ingredients. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the concentrations of NDF, representing both the fermentable (fNDFom) and unfermentable (uNDFom) portions among sources of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and determine their relative contributions to DE and ME content. The concentrations of DE and ME, as well as apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE, were measured in a previous experiment. Samples of DDGS (0.5 g) were mixed with fecal inoculum and incubated for 8, 12, and 72 h. The ash corrected NDF (NDFom) content of DDGS residues at each time point was determined. The fNDFom increased with fermentation time of 8 h (21.6%), 12 h (29.0%), and 72 h (68.6%). The ATTD of GE increased as the uNDFom decreased at 8 h (uNDFom8; R2 = 0.83; P &lt; 0.01) and 72 h (uNDFom72; R2 = 0.83; P &lt; 0.01). Likewise, ME content of DDGS increased as uNDFom72 decreased (R2 = 0.59; P &lt; 0.01). The best-fit DE equation was DE (kcal/kg DM) = 2,175 – 3.07 × uNDFom8 (g/kg, DM) – 1.50 × uNDFom72 (g/kg, DM) + 0.55 × GE (kcal/kg DM) (R2 = 0.94, SE = 36.21). The best-fit ME equation was ME (kcal/kg DM) = 1,643 – 2.31 × uNDFom8 (g/kg, DM) – 2.54 × uNDFom72 (g/kg, DM) + 0.65 × GE (kcal/kg DM) – 1.42 × crude protein (g/kg DM) (R2 = 0.94, SE = 39.21). These results indicate that in vitro unfermented fiber is negatively associated with GE and NDF digestibility, and therefore, is a good predictor of DE and ME content in corn-DDGS.

Effect of pelleting on nutrients and energy digestibility in growing pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based diet or diet containing corn distillers dried grains with solubles (cDDGS), wheat middlings and bakery meal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Élisabeth Chassé ◽  
Frédéric Guay ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distinct Effect ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Corn Distillers ◽  
Diet Type

This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting and diet type on the apparent ileal (AID) and total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy in growing pigs. Six pigs were cannulated at the ileum and were assigned to treatments following a crossover design. One diet was a control diet based of corn and soybean meal (CT). Part of it was replaced by corn distillers dried grains with solubles (cDDGS), wheat middlings and bakery meal in the second diet (ByP). Diets were in mash (CT-MH and ByP-MH) or pelleted (CT-PT and ByP-PT) form. Results showed that pelleting increased digestibility in all diets with a distinct effect on the CT diet (interaction Diet x Pelleting, P < 0.05). Pelleting improved the AID of DM, CP and energy by 17, 27 and 17% in the CT diet and by 10, 9 and 17% in the ByP diet (P < 0.01). The AID of AA followed the effect observed on CP (P < 0.01). Pelleting increased AID of total NSP for the CT diet by 63% and 42% for the ByP diet (P < 0.01). The pelleting conditions improved the degradability of the compounds in the diets during digestion in pigs.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Power of Organic Acids and Nature-Identical Compounds against Two Vibrio spp.: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 966
Author(s):  
Barbara Rossi ◽  
Maria Angéles Esteban ◽  
José María García-Beltran ◽  
Giulia Giovagnoni ◽  
Alberto Cuesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Vibrio Species ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Vibrosis is one of the major threats in aquaculture farming, and due to the increasing antimicrobial resistance of different Vibrio species, there is an urgent need to replace conventional treatments with more sustainable solutions. Antimicrobial molecules such as organic acids (OA) and nature-identical compounds (NIC) are currently finding a central role in the infection management of terrestrial livestock, but little is known about their usage in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to perform a preliminary screening of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of a wide panel of OA and NIC against 2 Vibrio species characteristic of the Mediterranean area, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio anguillarum, through minimal inhibitory/bactericidal concentration tests. The active principles that showed the best effective pathogen control were medium-chain fatty acids, sorbic and benzoic acid among OA and phenolic monoterpenoids (thymol, carvacrol and eugenol) and aromatic monoterpene aldehydes (vanillin and cinnamaldehyde) among NIC. These results showed how the usage of OA and NIC can open promising perspectives in terms of Vibrio spp. load control in aquaculture. Natural or nature-identical feed additives can make aquaculture production not only more efficient by reducing the need for medicated treatments, but also more sustainable.

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