scholarly journals Effects of fatty acid profile of supplements on intake, performance, carcass traits, meat characteristics, and meat sensorial analysis of feedlot Bos indicus bulls offered a high-concentrate diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Costa ◽  
Ramon Rizzieri ◽  
Gabriel Melo ◽  
Leonardo Müller ◽  
Daniela Estevan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Corn Germ ◽  
Sensorial Analysis ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Lipid Source ◽  
Whole Cottonseed

Abstract This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of lipid source and fatty acid (FA) profile on intake, performance, carcass characteristics, expression of enzymes, and sensorial analysis of Bos indicus animals offered a high-concentrate diet. On day 0, 96 noncastrated animals were blocked by initial body weight (400 ± 19.3 kg), randomly allocated to 1 of 24 pens (4 animals/pen), and pens were randomly assigned to receive: 1) control: basal diet composed of whole cottonseed and corn germ as lipid substrates (CONT; n = 6), 2) calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) of soybean: CSFA of soybean oil as replacement for whole cottonseed and corn germ (calcium salts of soybean oil [CSSO]; n = 6), 3) CSFA-Blend: CSFA of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil as replacement for whole cottonseed and corn germ (calcium salts of vegetable oils [CSVO]; n = 6), and 4) Mix: basal diet containing whole cottonseed, corn germ, and CSVO (MIXT; n = 6). Experiment lasted 108 d and performance, ultrasound measurements, as well as carcass characteristics were evaluated. Additionally, meat FA profile, expression of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, and sensorial analysis were evaluated. No treatment effects were observed on performance variables, ultrasound, and carcass traits (P ≥ 0.22), whereas animals receiving CONT had a greater intake of C10:0, C16:0, C16:1 trans-9, C18:1 cis-9, C18:2, C18:3, total FA, monounsatured FA (MUFA), and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) vs. CSSO and MIXT (P < 0.05). Conversely, intake ratios of saturated FA (SFA):MUFA and SFA:PUFA were all reduced for CONT vs. other treatments. Meat obtained from CONT animals had greater colorimetric (L*, a*, and b*) values vs. MIXT (P < 0.01). On meat FA profile, CONT increased C18:0 vs. supplementation with calcium salts (P < 0.02) and supplementation with CSSO yielded greater meat concentrations of C18:1 trans-10 and C18:2 CLA intermediates (P < 0.01). Expression of SREBP-1, SCD, and LPL was downregulated for CSSO (P < 0.05). For sensorial analysis, regular flavor was greater (P = 0.01) for CSSO vs. other treatments, but also greater aroma (P = 0.05) vs. CONT and CSVO. In summary, addition of different lipid sources with varying FA profiles into high-concentrate diets did not affect performance and carcass characteristics of B. indicus animals, but supplementation with calcium salts of soybean oil inhibited the mRNA expression of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, whereas flavor and aroma were positively affected by this lipid source.

scholarly journals Effects of the association between whole cottonseed and calcium salts of fatty acids on nutrient intake, feedlot performance, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus animals offered a high-concentrate diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo R. Müller ◽  
Daniel I C. G. Gouvêa ◽  
André F. Francischinelli ◽  
Guiherme D. A. Alvarenga ◽  
Pablo C Castagnino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Whole Cottonseed

Abstract This experiment evaluated the effects of feeding whole cottonseed (WC) and/or calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) on dry matter intake (DMI), performance, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus animals receiving a high-concentrate diet during the finishing phase. On day 0, 96 Nellore bulls were blocked according to initial shrunk body weight (BW; 302 ± 26.7 kg) into group pens (4 animals/pen) and, within blocks, pens were randomly assigned to receive: 1) 15% of WC and 2% of CSFA [dry matter (DM) basis] of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (15WC; n = 6), 2) 10% of WC and 3% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (10WC; n = 6), 3) 5% of WC and 4% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (5WC; n = 6), and 4) 0% of WC and 5% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (0WC; n = 6). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric, isonitrogenous, and isolipidic. Experimental period lasted 108 days, whereas dry matter intake (DMI) was evaluated daily and blood samples and carcass measurements were obtained on days 0, 55, and 108 of the study. Upon slaughter on day 109, steaks were collected for determination of the chemical and fatty acid (FA) profile of the meat. No treatment effects (P ≥ 0.35) were observed on DMI, performance, average daily gain (ADG), carcass ultrasound measurements, and chemical variables of the steak. Nonetheless, including WC into the diets increased C12:0, C16:0, C16:1 trans-9, C17:0, C18:0, C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 cis-9,cis-12, C18:3 cis-9,cis-12,cis-15, saturated, and unsaturated FA intake (P < 0.01). Moreover, adding WC increased DMI fluctuation and feed efficiency (P = 0.03), but decreased marbling (P ≤ 0.03). A treatment × day interaction was observed (P < 0.01) for serum leptin concentration, as 10WC animals had greater leptin concentration on d 103 vs. other treatments (P < 0.01). Regarding steak FA profile, WC addition into the diet increased C18:2 cis-7,trans-9 and C18:3 cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 (P < 0.001), whereas saturated FA was quadratically affected (P = 0.02) and unsaturated FA was reduced for 15WC (P < 0.04). In summary, increasing levels of CSFA into isolipidic finishing diets containing WC did not negatively impact feedlot performance, but reduced feed efficiency and increased marbling scores of Bos indicus bulls, demonstrating its feasibility as a technology to improve carcass traits of low-marbling animals.

scholarly journals Calcium salts of fatty acids with varying fatty acid profiles in diets of feedlot-finished Bos indicus bulls: impacts on intake, digestibility, performance, and carcass and meat characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe A Nascimento ◽  
Naiara C Silva ◽  
Laura F Prados ◽  
Rodrigo D L Pacheco ◽  
Bradley J Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Carcass Parameters

Abstract We hypothesized that the inclusion of calcium salts of fatty acid (CSFA) into the diets and the fatty acid (FA) profile of the supplements would impact performance and meat characteristics of Bos indicus bulls. Hence, the objective was to evaluate the effects of CSFA profiles on intake, body weight (BW), carcass, and meat characteristics of feedlot-finished B indicus bulls. Fifty-three Nellore bulls [initial BW 315 ± 5.9 kg and 20 ± 2 mo] were used. At the beginning, 6 bulls were randomly chosen and slaughtered for determination of their BW composition, and the remaining 47 bulls were evaluated during a 140-d experimental period. The bulls were placed in individual pens, blocked according to initial BW and randomly allocated to 1 of the 3 following treatments: (1) control diet containing sugarcane bagasse, ground corn, citrus pulp, peanut meal, and mineral–vitamin mix (CON), (2) CON with the addition of 3.3% of CSFA from soybean oil (CSO), or (3) CON with the addition of a mixture of 3.3% of CSFA from palm, soybean, and cottonseed oils (CPSCO). Diets were offered ad libitum and formulated to be isonitrogenous. Bulls supplemented with CSFA had a greater (P < 0.01) final BW, dry matter intake, average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (FE), and FA intake vs. CON. Among carcass parameters, CSFA-supplemented bulls had greater (P < 0.01) carcass ether extract concentration vs. CON bulls. When the CSFA profile was evaluated (CSO vs. CPSCO), CPSCO bulls had a better (P ≤ 0.03) FE, carcass ADG, and hot carcass weight (HCW) vs. CSO bulls. The FA intakes differed among CSFA treatments, as the total saturated, palmitic, and oleic FA intakes were greater for CPSCO (P < 0.01), whereas lower intakes of total unsaturated and polyunsaturated FA (P < 0.01) were observed for CPSCO vs. CSO. Samples from the Longissimus muscle contained greater palmitoleic (P = 0.01) and reduced linoleic (P = 0.02) FA concentrations in CSFA-supplemented bulls vs. CON bulls. In agreement with the FA intakes, CPSCO-supplemented bulls had a greater (P ≤ 0.05) unsaturated FA concentration vs. CSO in Longissimus muscle. In summary, CSFA supplementation improved the performance of finishing B. indicus bulls vs. CON. Moreover, the inclusion of CSFA from palm, soybean, and cottonseed oil benefited the FE, carcass ADG, and HCW compared with the inclusion of CSFA from soybean oil, demonstrating the potential of specific FA for improving the performance and meat quality of B. indicus bulls.

scholarly journals Effects of Bypass Fat on Buffalo Carcass Characteristics, Meat Nutrient Contents and Profitability

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3042
Author(s):  
Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi ◽  
Fhaisol Mat Amin ◽  
Hafandi Ahmad ◽  
Norhariani Mohd Nor ◽  
Goh Yong Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acid ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Swamp Buffaloes ◽  
Bypass Fat

The deposition and distribution of buffalo body fats play a vital role in the quality of the buffalo carcass and are of great commercial value, since the carcass quality influences the profitability and consumer acceptability of ruminant meat. The current study examined the effect a mixture of 4% bypass fat and 26% concentrate supplementations in buffalo basal diet had on both the carcass characteristics and the proximate and fatty acid composition in longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), supraspinatus (SS) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles of Murrah cross and swamp buffaloes. In addition, profit and loss analyses were performed to determine the profitability. This study employed a completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two diets, two breeds and four replicates per treatment. A total of sixteen buffaloes (eight buffaloes per breed, bodyweight 98.64 ± 1.93 kg) were randomly assigned into two dietary groups. The first group was given Diet A, which consisted of 70% Brachiaria decumbens + 30% concentrate, whereas the second group was given Diet B, which consisted of 70% Brachiaria decumbens + 26% concentrate + 4% bypass fat. The buffaloes were fed for 730 days before slaughter. The results showed that supplemented bypass fat significantly (p < 0.05) increased the pre-slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weights, meat:fat ratio, pH at 24 h, moisture and crude protein of LTL, ST and SS, the ether extract of LTL and ST and the meat fatty acid of C16:0, C16:1, C18:1, PUFA n-6/n-3 and total MUFA. The carcass yield and carcass fat percentages, the ash content in ST, the EE in the SS muscle and the meat fatty acid of C18:3, total PUFA n-3, UFA/SFA and PUFA/SFA were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. Furthermore, Murrah cross showed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher pre-slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weights, carcass bone percentage and total fatty acid, but a lower (p < 0.05) meat:bone ratio, ash of LTL and CP of LTL and ST when compared to swamp buffaloes. No significant changes were found in the proximate composition of different types of muscle, but the ST muscle revealed significantly high C14:0, C16:0 and C18:1, and the SS muscle had high C18:2 and total fatty acid (p < 0.05). Supplementing using bypass fat increased the cost of buffalo feeding but resulted in a higher revenue and net profit. In conclusion, the concentrate and bypass fat supplementations in the buffalo diet could alter the nutrient compositions of buffalo meat without a detrimental effect on carcass characteristics, leading to a higher profit.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids from Different Sources on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Muscle Fatty Acid Deposition, and Antioxidant Capacity in Broilers

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenfei Long ◽  
Sujie Liu ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Shad Mahfuz ◽  
Xiangshu Piao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Thigh Muscle

This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of dietary fatty acids from various sources on growth performance, meat quality, muscle fatty acid deposition and antioxidant capacity in broilers. 126 Arbor Acres broilers (1 d-old, initial body weight of 45.5 ± 0.72 g) were randomly assigned to three treatments with seven cages per treatment and six broilers per cage. The dietary treatments included: (1) corn–soybean meal basal diet containing 3% soybean oil (control diet, CTL); (2) basal diet + 1% microalgae + 1% linseed oil + 1% soybean oil (ML); (3) basal diet + 2% fish oil + 1% soybean oil (FS). The trial consisted of phase 1 (day 1 to 21) and 2 (day 22 to 42). Compared with CTL, broilers fed ML or FS diet showed improved (p < 0.05) average daily gain in phase 1, 2, and overall (day 1 to 42), as well as a decreased (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio in phase 1 and overall. On day 42, broilers supplemented with FS diet showed increased (p ≤ 0.05) the relative weights of pancreas and liver, as well as higher (p < 0.05) redness value in breast and thigh muscle compared with CTL. Broilers offered ML or FS diet had lower (p < 0.05) the relative weight of abdominal fat and total serum cholesterol content in phase 1, and increased (p < 0.05) contents of serum glucose, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosacagetaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity, as well as lower (p < 0.05) concentrations of malondialdehyde, n-6 PUFA, and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in breast and thigh muscle compared with CTL. This research indicates that diets supplemented with fish oil or a combination of microalgae and linseed oil experience improved performance, antioxidant capacities and n-3 PUFA profile in muscle of broilers compared with traditional soybean oil supplemented diets

scholarly journals The Dietary Replacement of Soybean Oil by Canola Oil Does Not Prevent Liver Fatty Acid Accumulation and Liver Inflammation in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3667
Author(s):  
Marina Masetto Antunes ◽  
Guilherme Godoy ◽  
Ingrid de Lima Fernandes ◽  
Luciana Pelissari Manin ◽  
Caroline Zappielo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Liver Inflammation ◽  
Liver Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Source ◽  
Fatty Acid Accumulation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Acid Accumulation

A high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) is a well-established experimental model of accelerated liver fatty acid (FA) deposition and inflammation. In this study, we evaluated whether canola oil can prevent these physiopathological changes. We evaluated hepatic FA accumulation and inflammation in mice fed with a HCD (72.1% carbohydrates) and either canola oil (C group) or soybean oil (S group) as a lipid source for 0, 7, 14, 28, or 56 days. Liver FA compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography. The mRNA expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) was measured as an indicator of lipogenesis. The mRNA expression of F4/80, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, as mediators of liver inflammation, were also measured. The C group stored less n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (n-6 PUFAs) and had more intense lipid deposition of monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), n-3 PUFAs, and total FAs. The C group also showed higher ACC1 expression. Moreover, on day 56, the C group showed higher expressions of the inflammatory genes F4/80, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, as well as the anti-inflammatory IL-10. In conclusion, a diet containing canola oil as a lipid source does not prevent the fatty acid accumulation and inflammation induced by a HCD.

scholarly journals Quality and Consumer Acceptance of Meat from Rabbits Fed Diets in Which Soybean Oil is Replaced with Black Soldier Fly and Yellow Mealworm Fats

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gasco ◽  
Sihem Dabbou ◽  
Francesco Gai ◽  
Alberto Brugiapaglia ◽  
Achille Schiavone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Fatty Acid Proportion ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Alternative Lipid ◽  
Cooked Meat

This trial investigated the effect of the dietary inclusion of Hermetia illucens (H) and Tenebrio molitor (T) fats as alternative lipid sources for growing rabbits, and assessed the carcass characteristics; proximate composition; lipid peroxidation, and fatty acid profile of the meat, as well as consumer acceptance. At weaning, 200 crossbred rabbits (1051 ± 138 g initial body weight) were allotted to five isolipidic (4% dry matter (DM)) dietary treatments: a control diet (C) containing 1.5% of soybean oil, and four experimental diets in which soybean oil was partially (50%) or totally (100%) substituted by H (H50 and H100) or T (T50 and T100) fats. The carcass characteristics, the meat quality traits, and the consumer acceptance of the cooked meat were not affected. The fat content of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle of the rabbits was 1.1% on average. In the case of rabbit fed the H diets (average of diets H50 and H100), the same muscles revealed a higher saturated fatty acid proportion (47.1% vs. 39.7% and 40.8%, respectively) and a lower polyunsaturated fatty acid proportion than the rabbits fed the C and T diets (average of diets T50 and T100) (26.5% vs. 31.7% and 29.7%) (p < 0.001). The meat of the rabbits fed the diets containing insect fat (average for H and T diets) was less susceptible to oxidation (0.24 vs. 0.39 mg malondialdehyde/kg meat in the C group; p < 0.01).

scholarly journals Effects of Whole Corn Germ, a Source of Linoleic Acid, on Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Feedlot Lambs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Camila O. Nascimento ◽  
Douglas S. Pina ◽  
Luís G. A. Cirne ◽  
Stefanie A. Santos ◽  
Maria L. G. M. L. Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Corn Germ ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Feedlot Lambs

The whole corn germ (WCG), due to its desirable nutritional characteristics, has been studied as feed for ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of WCG inclusion as a linoleic acid source in diets for feedlot lambs on carcass characteristics, physicochemical composition, sensory attributes, and fatty acid profile of the meat. Forty non-castrated, crossbreed Dorper x Santa Inês lambs were distributed in a completely randomized design to evaluate the inclusion levels (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 g/kg dry matter (DM)) of whole corn germ (WCG) in the diet. The dietary inclusion of WCG did not influence (p > 0.05) the weight gain and carcass characteristics, with the exception of the subcutaneous fat thickness (p < 0.01), which was higher in animals fed diets with higher levels of WCG. Lightness (L *; p = 0.04), yellowness (b *; p < 0.01), shear force (p = 0.04), linoleic fatty acid concentrations (p = 0.03), and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.04) had a quadratic increase due to WCG inclusion in the diets. The use of up to 120 g/kg DM of WCG in lamb diets does not affect the carcass characteristics, physicochemical composition, and sensory attributes of the meat. Despite this, the best polyunsaturated fatty acid profile in lambs’ meat is obtained using 76.7 g/kg DM of WCG.

scholarly journals PSII-15 Hydrogenation of palm kernel oil, palm oil, and soybean oil on energy and lipid digestibility, and performance when fed to 20 to 40 kg pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 231-232
Author(s):  
Sophia Breuer ◽  
Brian Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Lipid Source ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding hydrogenated palm kernel oil (PKO), palm oil (PO), or soybean oil (SO) relative to unhydrogenated PKO, PO, and SO on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and ether extract (EE), and on pig performance, in to 20 to 40 kg pigs. One hundred and fifty-four pigs (39.5 ± 3.6 kg BW) were randomly assigned to one of 9 diets composed of a basal diet, or test diets containing 94% of the basal diet and 6% added lipid. Lipids consisted of either unhydrogenated or hydrogenated PKO, PO, or SO in a factorial arrangement. The basal diet contained titanium dioxide as an inert maker and was used to determine the ATTD of GE or EE of each lipid using the difference method. There were 2 pigs per pen with pigs ad libitum fed for 25 d to measure growth performance. On d 23 and 24, a fresh fecal sample was obtained from each pen to measure ATTD of GE and EE. There was an interaction between lipid source and hydrogenation for ATTD of GE and EE of the lipid (P ≤ 0.01), where hydrogenation of PKO had no effect on ATTD of GE or EE of the lipid, while hydrogenation of PO and SO resulted in a reduction in the ATTD of GE and EE compared to their unhydrogenated counterparts. There was also an interaction between lipid source and hydrogenation on GF (P ≤ 0.01) where hydrogenation of PKO had no effect on GF while hydrogenation of PO and SO resulted in a reduction in GF compared to their unhydrogenated counterparts. The data show that hydrogenation of PKO has no impact on ATTD of GE and EE of the lipid, or on GF, but hydrogenation of PO or SO reduce ATTD of GE and EE of the lipid, and GF, due to their fatty acids being longer in carbon chain length.

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