scholarly journals Assessing outcomes of genetic selection panels to predict marbling in crossbred beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1238-1246
Author(s):  
Tanya M Weber ◽  
Brianna J Buseman ◽  
James A Nasados ◽  
Jessica M Lancaster ◽  
Jessie B Van Buren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Statistical Analysis System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Strip Loin ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Idaho

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of genetic panel marbling indexes [Igenity (IT) and PredicGEN (PG)] to predict marbling and tenderness of crossbred cattle. Steers (n = 23) were harvested at the University of Idaho Meat Science Laboratory, and blood samples were submitted to Neogen and Zoetis for genetic panel analysis. Forty-eight hours postharvest, one boneless strip loin was collected from each carcass, and six 2.54-cm thick steaks were cut from each strip loin. Steaks were aged for 14 and 21 d and assigned to consumer sensory evaluation or Warner–Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF) analysis. Results were analyzed using the Mixed Model procedure of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC). Carcasses were grouped by marbling index score into Low IT (IT indexes 3–6; n = 16; marbling score (MS) = 410), High IT (IT indexes 7–10; n = 7; MS = 496), Low PG (PG index <50; n = 9; MS = 398), or High PG (PG index ≥50; n = 14; MS = 458). Mean MS was observed to be greater in High IT steaks than Low IT (P < 0.01) and greater in High PG steaks than Low PG (P = 0.01). There was a trend observed in WBSF between IT marbling groups (P = 0.06); however, no difference in WBSF was observed between PG marbling groups (P = 0.83). Consumers did not report differences between IT marbling groups in terms of acceptability (P = 0.99) or tenderness (P = 0.24). Additionally, consumers could not detect differences between PG marbling groups in terms of acceptability (P = 0.75) or tenderness (P = 0.40). Consumers consistently preferred Choice steaks over Select steaks in terms of acceptability (P = 0.02) and tenderness (P = 0.02). In conclusion, though consumers were not able to tell the difference between steaks from each of the genetic panels, using genetic panels to predict marbling, in conjunction with proper nutrition and handling practices, could be a beneficial tool to producers making decisions about retaining ownership at the feedlot.

scholarly journals Using a Potato By-Product to Replace Phosphate in Enhanced Whole-Muscle Turkey Breast

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Uhlenkott ◽  
J. M. Lancaster ◽  
I. W. Riley ◽  
J. A. Nasados ◽  
M J. Colle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Starch ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Color Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis System ◽  
Respective Treatment ◽  
Off Flavors ◽  
Retail Display ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The University

ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to determine the functionality of potato starch by-product (PS) as a phosphate replacement in cooked turkey breasts for cook yield, subjective color, objective color, and consumer acceptability.Materials and MethodsFour inclusion levels of PS (0.2%, 0.5%, 0.7%, and 1%) were tested along with a negative control (no phosphate; NEG) and a positive control (sodium phosphate; POS). Frozen turkey breasts (NAMI #P2015; n = 36) were delivered to the University of Idaho Meat Science Laboratory, thawed for 10 d at 2°C, pumped with their respective treatment solutions to 110% of green weight, and placed in individual vacuum sealed cook-in bags. Turkey breasts were tumbled for 30 min, cooked to an internal temperature of 73.9°C, and chilled overnight at 2°C. On d 0, external color was measured on all turkey breasts, and a single breast from each treatment was randomly selected for initial internal color, cook loss, and consumer sensory panel. The remaining turkey breasts were displayed in a glass-fronted retail display case at 3°C for 21 d to simulate retail display. On d 21, the same analysis was conducted as 0 d. Continuous data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) whereas binomial data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure; significance was determined at P < 0.05.ResultsThe model was not significant (P = 0.19) with regard to cook yield percentage and therefore no mean comparisons were able to be made. External color on d 0 was not different (P > 0.05) between treatments. Internal yellowness was greater (P < 0.01) in breasts formulated with 1% PS than all other treatments, whereas redness was greater in POS and 0.7% PS breasts than all other treatments. Subjective color analysis indicated the greatest amount (P < 0.01) of two-toning on the cut surface was the 1% PS followed by the 0.7% PS with NEG and 0.2% PS having the least amount of two-toning. Consumer taste panel evaluations were not different between treatment for mean overall acceptance, juiciness, or tenderness. There were significant off-flavors observed between treatments (P < 0.001). The 0.7% PS had the most detectable off-flavor and was greater than all other treatments (P < 0.05). The NEG treatment had the least frequency of detectable off-flavors (P < 0.05). The 0.7% PS had the most frequency of detectable off-flavors with nearly 35% of the respondents reporting.ConclusionIn conclusion, PS could be an acceptable replacement for POS in cooked turkey breasts if used at levels that do not impart an off-flavor.

scholarly journals Estimation of heritability and repeatability for pre-weaning body weights of domestic rabbits raised in the humid tropics

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
A. I. Adeolu ◽  
J. T. Ogunnupebi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
State University ◽  
Statistical Analysis System ◽  
Derived Savanna ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Estimate Heritability ◽  
Domestic Rabbits ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Savanna Zone

Heritability and repeatability estimates are needed for the genetic evaluation of livestock populations and consequently for the purpose of upgrading or improvement. Pooled data on 302 progenies from three consecutive parities of purebred rabbit breeds (Chinchilla, Dutch and New Zealand white) raised in Derived Savanna Zone of Nigeria were used to estimate heritability and repeatability for pre-weaning body weights between 1st and 8th week of age. The experiment was carried out at the Rabbitry Unit of the Teaching and Research Farm of the Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki. Traits studied include: Kit Weight at birth (KWB), 2nd week (K2W), 4th week (K4W), 6th week (K6W) and 8th week (K8W). Nested random effects analysis of (Co) variance as described by Statistical Analysis system (SAS) were employed in the estimations. Respective heritability estimates from the sire component (h2S ) and repeatability (R) as intra-class correlations of repeated measurements from the three parities for KWB, K2W, K4W and K8W were 0.59±0.24, 0.55±0.24, 0.93±0.31, 0.28±0.17, 0.64±0.26 and 0.12±0.14, 0.05±0.14, 0.58±0.02, 0.60±0.11, 0.20±0.14. Heritability and repeatability (except R for KWB and K2W) estimates are moderate to high. In conclusion, since pre-weaning body weights in the present study tended to be moderately to highly heritable and repeatable, hence, improvement of rabbits raised in derived savanna zone can be realized through genetic selection criterions.

A Futures Study on the Quality Of Life from the Point Of View of Iranian Youth

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sina Saeedy ◽  
Mojtaba Amiri ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Zolfagharzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Rahim Eyvazi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Futures Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University

Quality of life and satisfaction with life as tightly interconnected concepts have become of much importance in the urbanism era. No doubt, it is one of the most important goals of every human society to enhance a citizen’s quality of life and to increase their satisfaction with life. However, there are many signs which demonstrate the low level of life satisfaction of Iranian citizens especially among the youth. Thus, considering the temporal concept of life satisfaction, this research aims to make a futures study in this field. Therefore, using a mixed model and employing research methods from futures studies, life satisfaction among the students of the University of Tehran were measured and their views on this subject investigated. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analysed together in order to test the hypotheses and to address the research questions on the youth discontentment with quality of life. Findings showed that the level of life satisfaction among students is relatively low and their image of the future is not positive and not optimistic. These views were elicited and discussed in the social, economic, political, environmental and technological perspectives. Keywords:  futures studies, quality of life, satisfaction with life, youth

scholarly journals Enamel interproximal reduction during treatment with clear aligners: digital planning versus OrthoCAD analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Laganà ◽  
Arianna Malara ◽  
Roberta Lione ◽  
Carlotta Danesi ◽  
Simonetta Meuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dependent Sample ◽  
University Of Rome ◽  
The University ◽  
Enamel Reduction ◽  
Lower Arch

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to compare the amount of interproximal enamel reduction (IPR) provided on ClinCheck software with the amount of IPR carried out by the orthodontist during treatment with clear aligners. Methods 30 subjects (14 males, 16 females; mean age of 24.53 ± 13.41 years) randomly recruited from the Invisalign account of the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata” from November 2018 to October 2019, were collected according to the following inclusion criteria: mild to moderate dento-alveolar discrepancy (1.5–6.5 mm); Class I canine and molar relationship; full permanent dentition (excluding third molars); both arches treated only using Comprehensive Package by Invisalign system; treatment plan including IPR. Pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) digital models (.stl files), created from an iTero scan, were collected from all selected patients. The OrthoCAD digital software was used to measure tooth mesiodistal width in upper and lower arches before (T0) and at the end of treatment (T1) before any refinement. The widest mesio-distal diameter was measured for each tooth excluding molars by “Diagnostic” OrthoCAD tool. The total amount of IPR performed during treatment was obtained comparing the sum of mesio-distal widths of all measured teeth at T0 and T1. Significant T1–T0 differences were tested with dependent sample t-test (P < 0.05). Results In the upper arch, IPR was digitally planned on average for 0.62 mm while in the lower arch was on average for 1.92 mm. As for the amount of enamel actually removed after IPR performing, it was on average 0.62 mm in the maxillary arch. In the mandibular arch, the mean of IPR carried out was 1.93 mm. The difference between planned IPR and performed IPR is described: this difference was on average 0.00 mm in the upper arch and 0.01 in the lower arch. Conclusions The amount of enamel removed in vivo corresponded with the amount of IPR planned by the Orthodontist using ClinCheck software.

scholarly journals The impact of a ‘milking the COW’ campaign in a regional hospital in Singapore

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surinder Kaur M. S. Pada ◽  
Poh Lishi ◽  
Kim Sim Ng ◽  
Sarathamani Rethenam ◽  
Lilibeth Silagan Alenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Computerisation of various processes in hospitals and reliance on electronic devices raises the concern of contamination of these devices from the patient environment. We undertook this study to determine if an attached hand hygiene device that unlocks the screen of a computer on wheels (COW) on usage can be effective in decreasing the microbiological burden on computer keyboards. Methods An electronic hand sanitizer was integrated onto the COW. A prospective cohort study with a crossover design involving 2 control and 2 intervention wards was used. The study end point was the number of colony forming units found on the keyboards. Bacteria were classified into 4 main groups; pathogenic, skin flora, from the environment or those thought to be commensals in healthy individuals. We then used a mixed effects model for the statistical analysis to determine if there were any differences before and after the intervention. Results Thirty-nine keyboards were swabbed at baseline, day 7 and 14, with 234 keyboards cultured, colony forming units (CFUs) counted and organisms isolated. By mixed model analysis, the difference of mean bacteria count between intervention and control for week 1 was 32.74 (− 32.74, CI − 94.29 to 28.75, p = 0.29), for week 2 by 155.86 (− 155.86, CI − 227.45 to − 83.53, p < 0.0001), and after the 2-week period by 157.04 (− 157.04, CI − 231.53 to − 82.67, p < 0.0001). In the sub-analysis, there were significant differences of pathogenic bacteria counts for the Intervention as compared to the Control in contrast with commensal counts. Conclusion A hand hygiene device attached to a COW may be effective in decreasing the microbiological burden on computer keyboards.

scholarly journals Determination of Force Coefficients for a Submerged Rigid Breakwater under the Action of Solitary Waves

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Francesco Aristodemo ◽  
Giuseppe Tripepi ◽  
Luana Gurnari ◽  
Pasquale Filianoti
Keyword(s):  
Solitary Waves ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Force Coefficients ◽  
Wave Flume ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University ◽  
Semi Empirical

We present an analysis related to the evaluation of Morison and transverse force coefficients in the case of a submerged square barrier subject to the action of solitary waves. To this purpose, two-dimensional experimental research was undertaken in the wave flume of the University of Calabria, in which a rigid square barrier was provided by a discrete battery of pressure sensors to determine the horizontal and vertical hydrodynamic forces. A total set of 18 laboratory tests was carried out by varying the motion law of a piston-type paddle. Owing to the low Keulegan–Carpenter numbers of the tests, the force regime of the physical tests was defined by the dominance of the inertia loads in the horizontal direction and of the lift loads in the vertical one. Through the use of the time series of wave forces and the undisturbed kinematics, drag, horizontal inertia, lift, and vertical inertia coefficients in the Morison and transverse semi-empirical schemes were calculated using time-domain approaches, adopting the WLS1 method for the minimization of the difference between the maximum forces and the linked phase shifts by comparing laboratory and calculated wave loads. Practical equations to calculate these coefficients as a function of the wave non-linearity were introduced. The obtained results highlighted the prevalence of the horizontal forces in comparison with the vertical ones which, however, prove to be fundamental for stability purposes of the barrier. An overall good agreement between the experimental forces and those calculated by the calibrated semi-empirical schemes was found, particularly for the positive horizontal and vertical loads. The analysis of the hydrodynamic coefficients showed a decreasing trend for the drag, horizontal inertia, and lift coefficients as a function of the wave non-linearity, while the vertical inertia coefficient underlined an initial increasing trend and a successive slight decreasing trend.

scholarly journals XXIII.—On the Disruptive Discharge of Electricity: An Experimental Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Science, Department A

1878 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Macfarlane
Keyword(s):  
Copper Wire ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Summer Session ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The One ◽  
Metallic Parts ◽  
The University

The experiments to which I shall refer were carried out in the physical laboratory of the University during the late summer session. I was ably assisted in conducting the experiments by three students of the laboratory,—Messrs H. A. Salvesen, G. M. Connor, and D. E. Stewart. The method which was used of measuring the difference of potential required to produce a disruptive discharge of electricity under given conditions, is that described in a paper communicated to the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1876 in the names of Mr J. A. Paton, M. A., and myself, and was suggested to me by Professor Tait as a means of attacking the experimental problems mentioned below.The above sketch which I took of the apparatus in situ may facilitate tha description of the method. The receiver of an air-pump, having a rod capable of being moved air-tight up and down through the neck, was attached to one of the conductors of a Holtz machine in such a manner that the conductor of the machine and the rod formed one conducting system. Projecting from the bottom of the receiver was a short metallic rod, forming one conductor with the metallic parts of the air-pump, and by means of a chain with the uninsulated conductor of the Holtz machine. Brass balls and discs of various sizes were made to order, capable of being screwed on to the ends of the rods. On the table, and at a distance of about six feet from the receiver, was a stand supporting two insulated brass balls, the one fixed, the other having one degree of freedom, viz., of moving in a straight line in the plane of the table. The fixed insulated ball A was made one conductor with the insulated conductor of the Holtz and the rod of the receiver, by means of a copper wire insulated with gutta percha, having one end stuck firmly into a hole in the collar of the receiver, and having the other fitted in between the glass stem and the hollow in the ball, by which it fitted on to the stem tightly. A thin wire similarly fitted in between the ball B and its insulating stem connected the ball with the insulated half ring of a divided ring reflecting electrometer.

Applied plant science experimental design and statistical analysis using the SAS® OnDemand for Academics

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Statistical Analysis System ◽  
Key Topics ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Enormous Number

Abstract The correct design, analysis and interpretation of plant science experiments is imperative for continued improvements in agricultural production worldwide. The enormous number of design and analysis options available for correctly implementing, analyzing and interpreting research can be overwhelming. Statistical Analysis System (SAS®) is the most widely used statistical software in the world and SAS® OnDemand for Academics is now freely available for academic insttutions. This is a user-friendly guide to statistics using SAS® OnDemand for Academics, ideal for facilitating the design and analysis of plant science experiments. It presents the most frequently used statistical methods in an easy-to-follow and non-intimidating fashion, and teaches the appropriate use of SAS® within the context of plant science research. This book contains 21 chapters that covers experimental designs and data analysis protocols; is presented as a how-to guide with many examples; includes freely downloadable data sets; and examines key topics such as ANOVA, mean separation, non-parametric analysis and linear regression.

128 Differences in PRRSV Resilience for Reproductive Performance Between Landrace and Duroc Sows

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
Felipe Hickmann ◽  
José Braccini Neto ◽  
Luke M Kramer ◽  
Kent A Gray ◽  
Yijian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Prrs Virus ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Studies on differences in resilience to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) between breeds are scarce in the literature. Thus, the objective of this work was to assess PRRSV resilience in PRRSV wild-type infected sows from two breeds. Farrowing data included 2546 and 2522 litters from 894 Duroc and 813 Landrace sows, respectively, which were housed together and experienced the same PRRSV outbreak. Traits used for this study were number of piglets born alive (NBA), number born dead (NBD), total number born (TNB), and number weaned (NW). The impact of PRRSV infection was evaluated by comparing the reproductive performance of breeds between PRRS phases (pre-PRRS, PRRS, and post-PRRS). PRRS phases were defined based on the reproductive performance data. NBA, NBD, and NW were analyzed as a proportion of TNB using a Poisson mixed model. Pre-defined contrasts were used to evaluate the effect of breed on PRRSV resilience and on return to PRRSV-free performance, representing the differences between breeds for the difference between pre-PRRS and PRRS phases, and pre-PRRS and post-PRRS phases, respectively. There was a significant (P ≤ 0.003) interaction between PRRS phase and breed for all traits, as shown in Table 1. In general, reproductive performance reduced from pre-PRRS to PRRS, and then increased from PRRS to post-PRRS, as expected. The resilience contrast was significant for all traits (P ≤ 0.003). In all cases, the drop in percent reproductive performance from pre-PRRS to PRRS was lower for Duroc than for Landrace, indicating that Duroc sows have greater PRRSV resilience than Landrace sows. The return to PRRSV-free performance contrast had a trending effect for NBD (P = 0.055), and it was not significant for the other traits (P ≥ 0.515). These results indicate that Duroc sows have overall greater phenotypic PRRSV resilience for reproductive performance than Landrace sows.

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