Hybridization, Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeography, and Prediction of the Early Stages of Reproductive Isolation: Lessons from New Zealand Cicadas (Genus Kikihia)

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Marshall ◽  
Kathy B. R. Hill ◽  
John R. Cooley ◽  
Chris Simon
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Early Stages

Dating topographic evolution in New Zealand using mitochondrial DNA

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (18) ◽  
pp. A115
Author(s):  
D. Craw ◽  
R. Norris ◽  
C. Burridge ◽  
J. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Topographic Evolution

Study of COI sequences from endemic New Zealand aphids highlights high mitochondrial DNA diversity in Rhopalosiphina (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-123
Author(s):  
Colleen Podmore ◽  
Ian D. Hogg ◽  
Gabrielle M. Drayton ◽  
Barbara I. P. Barratt ◽  
Ian A. W. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dna Diversity ◽  
Coi Sequences

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Regulatory Interactions in the Early Stages of Drosophila Speciation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alwyn Clark Go
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Allele Specific Expression ◽  
Regulatory Interactions ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Incomplete Reproductive Isolation

Speciation occurs when reproductive barriers prevent the exchange of genetic information between individuals. A common form of reproductive barrier between species capable of interbreeding is hybrid sterility. Genomic incompatibilities between the divergent genomes of different species contribute to a reduction in hybrid fitness. These incompatibilities continue to accumulate after speciation, therefore, young divergent taxa with incomplete reproductive isolation are important in understating the genetics leading to speciation. Here, I use two Drosophila subspecies pairs. The first is D. willistoni consisting of D. w. willistoni and D. w. winge. The second subspecies pair is D. pseudoobscura, which is composed of D. p. pseudoobscura and D. p. bogotana. Both subspecies pairs are at the early stages of speciation and show incomplete reproductive isolation through unidirectional hybrid male sterility. In this thesis, I performed an exploratory survey of genome-wide expression analysis using RNA-sequencing on D. willistoni and determined the extent of regulatory divergence between the subspecies using allele-specific expression analysis. I found that misexpressed genes showed a degree of tissue specificity and that the sterile male hybrids had a higher proportion of misexpressed genes in the testes relative to the fertile hybrids. The analysis of regulatory divergence between this subspecies pair found a large (66-70%) proportion of genes with conserved regulatory elements. Of the genes showing evidence or regulatory divergence between subspecies, cis-regulatory divergence was more common than other types. In the D. pseudoobscura subspecies pair, I compared sequence and expression divergence and found no support for directional selection driving gene misexpression in their hybrids. Allele-specific expression analysis revealed that compensatory cis-trans mutations partly explained gene misexpression in the hybrids. The remaining hybrid misexpression occurs due to interacting gene networks or possible co-option of cis-regulatory elements by divergent transacting factors. Overall, the results of this thesis highlight the role of regulatory interactions in a hybrid genome and how these interactions could lead to hybrid breakdown by disrupting gene interaction networks.

Loss of mitochondrial DNA‐encoded protein ND1 results in disruption of complex I biogenesis during early stages of assembly

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 2236-2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sze Chern Lim ◽  
Jana Hroudová ◽  
Nicole J. Van Bergen ◽  
M. Isabel G. Lopez Sanchez ◽  
Ian A. Trounce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Complex I ◽  
Early Stages

Variation in the mitochondrial DNA of the potential biological control agent Chondrostereum purpureum

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1490-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tod D Ramsfield ◽  
Simon F Shamoun ◽  
Zamir K Punja ◽  
William E Hintz
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Chondrostereum Purpureum

The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.:Fr.) Pouzar was extracted and purified, and the size ranged from 51.8 to 66.4 kb. One isolate each from British Columbia, Alberta, Finland, the Netherlands, and New Zealand were found to have identical BamHI mtDNA restriction patterns, resulting in a mitochondrial genome of 63.8 kb. An additional isolate from British Columbia and one from Switzerland had different banding patterns, however, resulting in mitochondrial genomes of 66.4 kb and 51.8 kb, respectively. A sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) assay, based on a polymerase chain reaction, was developed to rapidly screen a larger population of 84 isolates from North America, Europe, and New Zealand. Two SCARs, one encoding the NADH 4 gene (3 kb) and the second encoding the ATPase VI and cytochrome b genes (5.1 kb), were digested with 24 restriction enzymes. There were no polymorphisms in the NADH 4 containing SCAR, while a single polymorphism was detected by NsiI in the ATPase VI - cytochrome b containing SCAR. Two mitochondrial haplotypes that were distributed throughout the sample population were thus identified. The coancestry coefficient (<$Q7A0D00000010446D80BFFEFF88A524F5343905055B98C420120907B4DDA9ECB1F0>) for all subpopulations of the sample population was calculated to be 0.0353. The level of gene diversity in the mtDNA ofC. purpureum suggested that the chance introduction of novel mitochondrial genes following biological control applications of the fungus is relatively low.

Composition and diversity of fungi on decaying logs in a New Zealand temperate beech (Nothofagus) forest

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1025-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B Allen ◽  
Peter K Buchanan ◽  
Peter W Clinton ◽  
Angela J Cone
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Cation Concentration ◽  
Nothofagus Forest ◽  
Dominant Pattern

Saprobic fungal taxa on decomposing mountain beech (Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Poole) logs were investigated in relation to properties of logs including stage of decay, size, nutrient concentration, and moisture content. We also determined whether logs become increasingly heterogeneous in nutrient concentration and moisture content with decay and also whether log heterogeneity related to fungal taxa diversity. Sporocarps were collected from the same 75 logs in spring (November 1995, 80 taxa) and autumn (May 1996, 151 taxa). For both seasons the dominant pattern in fungal taxa composition was only weakly related to measured properties of logs; however, a secondary pattern was found related to a fungal taxa succession reflecting stage of decay. In the autumn collection, Biscogniauxia capnodes (Berk.) Y.-M. Ju & J.D. Rogers and Schizopora nothofagi (G. Cunn.) P.K. Buchanan & Ryvarden occurred on small logs in the early stages of decay, with relatively low N. Decayed logs, with relatively high N, were characterized by Marasmius otagensis G. Stev. and Athelia epiphylla Pers. Our observations were not consistent with previously described successional trends from soft- to white- and brown-rot fungi as logs decay. The number of fungal taxa increased with log volume, and, additionally for the autumn collection, with heterogeneity in cation concentration suggesting habitat heterogeneity may be a factor in explaining log fungal taxa diversity.

Status of the New Zealand cave weta (Rhaphidophoridae) genera Pachyrhamma, Gymnoplectron and Turbottoplectron

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine D. Cook ◽  
Steven A. Trewick ◽  
Mary Morgan-Richards ◽  
Peter M. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Endemic Genera

The New Zealand Rhaphidophoridae Walker, 1869 comprise 18 endemic genera (including 8 that are monotypic). Although there are many new species to be described, rationalisation at the genus level is also required due to inconsistencies in their current systematics. Even the largest and best known taxa, including those that occupy cave systems and are the most frequently encountered by people, require taxonomic revision. These cave weta include species assigned to three poorly differentiated genera, Pachyrhamma Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1888, Gymnoplectron Hutton, 1897 and Turbottoplectron Salmon, 1948, that are best known from North Island New Zealand. We used mitochondrial DNA sequence data to examine their relationships using representatives of each genus. The results indicate that a single genus Pachyrhamma would be appropriate for all, as Gymnoplectron and Turbottoplectron nest phylogenetically within it. There are insufficient morphological, spatial or ecological reasons to justify retention of all three. However, we also note that species level diversity does not correlate with genetic or spatial diversity; some species are genetically well partitioned and widespread while others have narrow ranges in single cave systems and are closely related to one another.

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