scholarly journals Racial Disparities in Mental Health Outcomes after Psychiatric Hospital Discharge among Individuals with Severe Mental Illness

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Eack ◽  
C. E. Newhill
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes

Physical and Mental Health Behaviors among Individuals with Severe Mental Illness: A Comprehensive Needs Assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Jill L. Bezyak ◽  
Alena Clark ◽  
Chung-Yi Chiu ◽  
Fong Chan ◽  
Nora Testerman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Needs Assessment ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
The Impact

Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) are at greater risk for health problems and premature death when compared to the rest of the population. Information on the impact of nutrition education, physical activity, and social support on physical and mental health outcomes of people with SMI is just beginning to emerge. The primary purpose of this study was to implement a comprehensive needs assessment related to social support and health behavior among individuals with SMI in order to clarify their relationship with physical and mental health outcomes. Needs assessment information was collected from 18 participants over the course of a six-week period. Participants reported significant problems with physical health, below average ratings on physical and mental health indicators, varied use and satisfaction with social support, and current areas of need. The present study demonstrated the feasibility of using a comprehensive needs assessment tool to evaluate social support, health behavior and health outcomes of people with SMI.

scholarly journals The DELTA® nursing measure: Its development and testing for nursing utility

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik J. Loubser ◽  
Judith C. Bruce ◽  
Daleen Casteleijn
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Care Plans

In the specialised nursing field of acute mental illness nurses expressed a need to measure and evaluate their patients’ mental-health outcomes both empirically and routinely. The aim was to develop and test a measurement tool, named the DELTA nursing measure, which could be embedded routinely into the nursing process and care plans, enabling the psychiatric nurses to score and evaluate their patients’ acute mental-health outcomes. A qualitative, exploratory study design was used to address two sequential objectives. Firstly, qualitative data that described observable behaviours in patients with acute mental illness were collected from psychiatric nurses (n = 5) who were experienced in acute mental healthcare. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis techniques to design and construct the DELTA nursing measure. In the second objective, the nursing utility of the DELTA nursing measure was studied. This was done by training and testing a new team of psychiatric nurses (n = 25) working in a 116-bed acute psychiatric hospital, in the application of the DELTA nursing measure. After 30 months a focus group (n = 6) representing this team was held to explore their perceptions and experiences of the nursing utility of the newly-developed measure. The descriptive data were analysed using deductive content analysis techniques. The outcome of the DELTA nursing measure as a routine nursing measure of acute mental illness provided good results. The nursing-utility characteristics have confirmed positive responses with regard to its acceptance, usefulness and confidence as a worthwhile tool to be used in expediting nursing services in acute mental healthcare. The positive responses to the DELTA nursing measure are noteworthy. It has the potential to add substantial value to the mental health care field in nursing by adding a measurable dimension to patient outcomes, a much needed requirement by patients, multidisciplinary teams and healthcare funders.In die gespesialiseerde verplegingsveld van akute psigiatrie het verpleegkundiges ’n behoefte uitgespreek om roetineweg pasiënte se geestesgesondheidsuitkomste empiries te meet en te evalueer. Die doel van die studie was om ’n meetinstrument, genoemd die ‘DELTA nursing measure’, te ontwikkel en toets wat ingebed kan word in die verplegingsproses en versorgingsplan en wat psigiatriese verpleegkundiges in staat kan stel om roetine-weg die pasiënte se akute geestesgesondheidsuitkomste te meet en te evalueer. ’n Kwalitatiewe, eksploratiewe studie ontwerp is gebruik om twee opeenvolgende doelwitte aan te spreek. Eerstens is kwalitatiewe data wat observeerbare gedrag in pasiënte met akute geestessiektes beskryf ingesamel van psigiatriese verpleegkundiges (n = 5) wat ervaring het in akute geestesgesondheidsorg. Die data is geanaliseer met induktiewe inhouds analiese tegnieke om die ontwerp en konstruksie van die ‘DELTA nursing measure’ te bewerkstellig. In die tweede doelwit was die ‘DELTA nursing measure’ se bruikbaarheid vir verpleging bestudeer. Om dit te doen was ’n nuwe span psigiatriese verpleegkundiges (n = 25) wat werksaam was in ’n 116-bed akute psigiatriese hospitaal opgelei en getoets in die gebruik van die ‘DELTA nursing measure’. Na 30 maande is ’n fokusgroep (n = 6) gehou wat verteenwoordigend was van die span om hulle persepsies en ervarings van die nuut-ontwikkelde meetskaal se bruikbaarheid te eksploreer. Beskrywende data is met behulp van deduktiewe inhouds tegnieke geanaliseer. Die uitkoms van die ‘DELTA nursing measure’ as ’n routine verplegingmeetskaal vir die bepaling van akuutheid in psigiatrie het baie goeie resultate opgelewer. Die bruikbaarheidseienskappe het positiewe response bevestig dat aanvaarding, betroubaarheid en vertroue bereik is en dat dit ’n nuttige instrument is om die verplegingsdiens te bevorder. Die positiewe response op die ‘DELTA nursing measure’ is merkwaardig. Dit het die potensiaal om ’n betekenisvolle bydrae te lewer tot die psigiatriese verplegingsveld omdat dit ’n meetbare dimensie toevoeg tot pasient uitkomste, ’n hoogs-benodigde vereiste van pasiënte, multidissiplinêre spanne en gesondheidsorgbefondsers.

scholarly journals Social services Interventions and the Mental Health and Mortality of care leavers: a population based data linkage study in Northern Ireland and Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aideen Maguire ◽  
Anne Kouvonen ◽  
Dermot O'Reilly ◽  
Hanna Remes ◽  
Joonas Pitkänen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Care Intervention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm

BackgroundResearch has highlighted the poor mental health of looked after children compared to those never in care. However, little is known on what becomes of these children and their mental health trajectories after they leave the care of social services. In addition, previous studies are limited in their ability to differentiate between type of social care intervention received; kinship care, foster care or residential care. AimTo utilise nationwide social services data from two countries (Northern Ireland (NI) and Finland), with similar populations but different intervention policies, linked to a range of demographic and health datasets to examine the mental health outcomes of young adults in the years following leaving care. MethodsData from both countries on children born 1991-2000 were linked to social services data, hospital admissions, prescribed medication data and death records. Mental health outcomes were defined after the age of 18years (when statutory care provision ends) examined by care intervention and included admissions to psychiatric hospital, for self-harm and death by suicide. ResultsThe gender split in care in Finland is reflective of the population but more males are in care in NI. Initial results from Finnish data suggest those exposed to care in childhood have an increased risk of self-harm, psychiatric hospital admission and suicide after the age of 18years compared to those never in care. After adjusting for gender, age of entry to care and deprivation at birth those exposed to any care intervention had 3 times the risk of suicide (HR=3.06, 95% CI 1.18,7.98). Risk increased with duration in care but was equivalent across care intervention types. Analysis on the NI data is underway. ConclusionFull results will be available December 2019 and will explore which care pathways are most associated with poor mental health outcomes informing discussion around intervention opportunities and policy.

Childhood Abuse as a Precursor to Homelessness for Homeless Women With Severe Mental Illness

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Davies-Netzley ◽  
Michael S. Hurlburt ◽  
Richard L. Hough
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Homeless Women ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

Previous studies of childhood abuse levels among homeless women have typically focused either on single homeless women or female heads of families; almost none have focused specifically on homeless women with severe mental illness. This study explores rates of childhood physical and sexual abuse among 120 homeless women with severe mental illness. Correlates of experiencing childhood abuse are considered, including mental health outcomes and when women first become homeless. The prevalence of childhood abuse in this sample of women was substantially higher than among homeless women in general. The experience of childhood abuse was related to increased suicidality, and resulted in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder for some women. Women who had suffered abuse were also much more likely to become homeless during childhood and it is suggested that this is an important precursor to homelessness for many homeless women with chronic and severe mental illness.

scholarly journals Racial Disparities in Mental Health Outcomes Among Women With Early Pregnancy Loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Jade M. Shorter ◽  
Nathanael Koelper ◽  
Sarita Sonalkar ◽  
Maria A. Oquendo ◽  
Mary D. Sammel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Early Pregnancy Loss

Children of Parents with a Mental Illness — The COPMI Project

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fudge
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
The Impact

When adults experience mental health problems, the effect on their family members can be immense. The impact on the person's children, both of the parent's behaviour and of their treatment, can be profound but is frequently overlooked by service providers for a range of reasons. The current national COPMI project has been initiated to promote better mental health outcomes for children of parents with a mental illness, especially by providing information and good practice guidance for services and people in the community who work with these families and their children.

Prenatal alcohol exposure and developmental programming of mental illness

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle J. Burgess ◽  
Karen M. Moritz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol

AbstractIt is well established that high-dose alcohol consumption during pregnancy increases the risk for a plethora of adverse offspring outcomes. These include neurodevelopmental, cognitive and social deficits, as well as psychiatric illnesses, such as depression and anxiety. However, much less evidence is available on the effects of low- and early-dose alcohol exposure on mental health outcomes, regardless of the accumulating evidence that mental health outcomes should be considered in the context of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis. This review will discuss the evidence that indicates low-dose and early prenatal alcohol exposure can increase the risk of mental illness in offspring and discuss the mechanistic pathways that may be involved.

scholarly journals Co-occurrence across time and space of drug- and cannabinoid- exposure and adverse mental health outcomes in the National Survey of Drug Use and Health: combined geotemporospatial and causal inference analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Stuart Reece ◽  
Gary Kenneth Hulse
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Causal Inference ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Major Depressive

Abstract Background: Whilst many studies have linked increased drug and cannabis exposure to adverse mental health (MH) outcomes their effects on whole populations and geotemporospatial relationships are not well understood. Methods Ecological cohort study of National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) geographically-linked substate-shapefiles 2010–2012 and 2014–2016 supplemented by five-year US American Community Survey. Drugs: cigarettes, alcohol abuse, last-month cannabis use and last-year cocaine use. MH: any mental illness, major depressive illness, serious mental illness and suicidal thinking. Data analysis: two-stage, geotemporospatial, robust generalized linear regression and causal inference methods in R. Results 410,138 NSDUH respondents. Average response rate 76.7%. When drug and sociodemographic variables were combined in geospatial models significant terms including tobacco, alcohol, cannabis exposure and various ethnicities remained in final models for all four major mental health outcomes. Interactive terms including cannabis were related to any mental illness (β-estimate = 1.97 (95%C.I. 1.56–2.37), P <  2.2 × 10− 16), major depressive episode (β-estimate = 2.03 (1.54–2.52), P = 3.6 × 10− 16), serious mental illness (SMI, β-estimate = 2.04 (1.48–2.60), P = 1.0 × 10− 12), suicidal ideation (β-estimate = 1.99 (1.52–2.47), P <  2.2 × 10− 16) and in each case cannabis alone was significantly associated (from β-estimate = − 3.43 (− 4.46 − −2.42), P = 3.4 × 10− 11) with adverse MH outcomes on complex interactive regression surfaces. Geospatial modelling showed a monotonic upward trajectory of SMI which doubled (3.62 to 7.06%) as cannabis use increased. Extrapolated to whole populations cannabis decriminalization (4.26%, (4.18, 4.34%)), Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 1.035(1.034–1.036), attributable fraction in the exposed (AFE) = 3.28%(3.18–3.37%), P < 10− 300) and legalization (4.75% (4.65, 4.84%), PR = 1.155 (1.153–1.158), AFE = 12.91% (12.72–13.10%), P < 10− 300) were associated with increased SMI vs. illegal status (4.26, (4.18–4.33%)). Conclusions Data show all four indices of mental ill-health track cannabis exposure across space and time and are robust to multivariable adjustment for ethnicity, socioeconomics and other drug use. MH deteriorated with cannabis legalization. Cannabis use-MH data are consistent with causal relationships in the forward direction and include dose-response and temporal-sequential relationships. Together with similar international reports and numerous mechanistic studies preventative action to reduce cannabis use is indicated.

Reducing hospitalisation among people living with severe mental illness

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon McDermott ◽  
Jasmine Bruce ◽  
Kristy Muir ◽  
Ioana Ramia ◽  
Karen R. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Supported Housing ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Over Time

Objective People with severe mental illness have high rates of hospitalisation. The present study examined the role that permanent housing and recovery-oriented support can play in reducing the number and length of psychiatric hospital admissions for people with severe mental illness. Methods The study examined de-identified, individual-level health records of 197 people involved in the New South Wales Mental Health Housing and Accommodation Support Initiative (HASI) to compare changes in hospitalisation over a continuous 4-year period. Results On average, HASI consumers experienced significant reductions in the number of psychiatric hospital admissions and length of stay after entering the HASI program, and these reductions were sustained over the first 2 years in HASI. Male consumers and consumers under 45 years of age experienced the largest reductions in the number and length of hospital admissions. Conclusions The findings of the present study add support to the hypothesis that supported housing and recovery-oriented support can be effective approaches to reducing hospital admissions for people with chronic mental illness, and that these changes can be sustained over time. What is known about this topic? People living with severe mental illness are heavy users of health and hospitalisation services. Research into the effects of partnership programs on preventing unnecessary admissions is limited because of short periods of comparison and small sample sizes. What does this paper add? The present study extends previous research by analysing de-identified individual-level health records over a continuous 4-year period and showing that reductions in hospitalisation among people with severe mental illness can be sustained over time. What are the implications for practitioners? These findings provide further evidence that community-based recovery-oriented supported housing programs can assist consumers to manage their mental health and avoid hospital admissions. Although the provision of recovery-oriented community services requires an investment in community mental health, the reduction in consumers’ use of hospital services makes this investment worthwhile.

scholarly journals Occupational Disruptions during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Association with Healthcare Workers’ Mental Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9263
Author(s):  
Natasha Smallwood ◽  
Amy Pascoe ◽  
Leila Karimi ◽  
Marie Bismark ◽  
Karen Willis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frontline Healthcare Workers ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background: The COVID-19 crisis has caused prolonged and extreme demands on healthcare services. This study investigates the types and prevalence of occupational disruptions, and associated symptoms of mental illness, among Australian frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A national cross-sectional online survey was conducted between 27 August and 23 October 2020. Frontline healthcare workers were invited to participate via dissemination from major health organisations, professional associations or colleges, universities, government contacts, and national media. Data were collected on demographics, home and work situations, and validated scales of anxiety, depression, PTSD, and burnout. Results: Complete responses were received from 7846 healthcare workers (82.4%). Most respondents were female (80.9%) and resided in the Australian state of Victoria (85.2%). Changes to working conditions were common, with 48.5% reporting altered paid or unpaid hours, and many redeployed (16.8%) or changing work roles (27.3%). Nearly a third (30.8%) had experienced a reduction in household income during the pandemic. Symptoms of mental illness were common, being present in 62.1% of participants. Many respondents felt well supported by their workplaces (68.3%) and believed that workplace communication was timely and useful (74.4%). Participants who felt well supported by their organisation had approximately half the risk of experiencing moderate to severe anxiety, depression, burnout, and PTSD. Half (50.4%) of respondents indicated a need for additional training in using personal protective equipment and/or caring for patients with COVID-19. Conclusions: Occupational disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic occurred commonly in health organisations and were associated with worse mental health outcomes in the Australian health workforce. Feeling well supported was associated with significantly fewer adverse mental health outcomes. Crisis preparedness focusing on the provision of timely and useful communication and support is essential in current and future crises.

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