scholarly journals Gender, Violence, and Political Institutions: Struggles over Sexual Harassment in the European Parliament

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Berthet ◽  
Johanna Kantola
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Institutional Response ◽  
Members Of European Parliament

Abstract The global #MeToo movement exposed the prevalence of sexual harassment across countries, in diverse contexts, and within institutions; including the supposedly gender-friendly European Parliament (EP). Using a unique set of interview data with key actors in the #MeTooEP campaign and Members of European Parliament and staff, this article analyzes the discursive struggles around sexual harassment in the EP. The analysis shows how these discourses fundamentally shaped the patchy institutional response to sexual harassment with findings that illuminate the resistance to institutional change.

Mobilization against Sexual Harassment in the European Parliament: The MeTooEP campaign

2021 ◽  
pp. 135050682110492
Author(s):  
Valentine Berthet
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Institutional Rules ◽  
Internal Policy ◽  
Culture Of Silence

The international #MeToo campaign against sexual harassment constitutes the most prominent contemporary campaign against sexual harassment worldwide. It exposed the issue by undermining the ‘culture of silence’ prevailing in several contexts, including political institutions. This article analyses one specific variant of #MeToo, the campaign MeTooEP that emerged in the European Parliament (EP). MeTooEP is unique in many ways: it was the first collective action against sexual harassment in parliaments emerging in the #MeToo aftermath and it was the first collective action within the EP led by members of the staff, which eventually drove some internal policy changes. Using a unique, large interview dataset, the analysis shows how the actors behind MeTooEP were crucial in shaping the campaign. Their knowledge of institutional rules, practices and daily presence in the EP facilitated their advocacy and transformed the Parliament into an enabling platform for their actions. With the help of Feminist Institutionalism, the analysis demonstrates how the formal and informal institutional EP bodies with their rules and regulations shaped MeTooEP in ways that constrained and empowered it.

Grievances against the Morsi Government

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira D. Jumet
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Political Appointments ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter outlines the individual grievances arising from political, economic, social, and religious conditions under the government of Mohamed Morsi that became the foundations of opposition to his rule. It focuses on democracy in Egypt, the 2012 presidential elections, and the expectations and promises put forth by Morsi. The chapter also covers popular perceptions of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Freedom and Justice Party, grievances surrounding electricity and gas, security and sexual harassment, Morsi’s speeches and representation of Egypt on the international stage, and Morsi’s political appointments. The chapter relies on interview data and fieldwork conducted in Egypt during the year of Morsi’s presidency.

The Effects of Gender Violence/Harassment Prevention Programming in Middle Schools: A Randomized Experimental Evaluation

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Taylor ◽  
Nan Stein ◽  
Frances Burden
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Prevention Programming ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Law And Justice

In this experiment, 123 sixth and seventh grade classrooms from Cleveland area schools were randomly assigned to one of two five-session curricula addressing gender violence/sexual harassment (GV/SH) or to a no-treatment control. Three-student surveys were administered. Students in the law and justice curricula, compared to the control group, had significantly improved outcomes in awareness of their abusive behaviors, attitudes toward GV/SH and personal space, and knowledge. Students in the interaction curricula experienced lower rates of victimization, increased awareness of abusive behaviors, and improved attitudes toward personal space. Neither curricula affected perpetration or victimization of sexual harassment. While the intervention appeared to reduce peer violence victimization and perpetration, a conflicting finding emerged—the intervention may have increased dating violence perpetration (or at least the reporting of it) but not dating violence victimization.

An equilibrium path for institutional change in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 399-414
Author(s):  
Shixiong Cao ◽  
Zhiguang Ren
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Equilibrium Path ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Practices ◽  
New Institutions

China’s economic and political reforms since 1978 represent one of the biggest institutional changes in the last century. Because most research has focused on the economics of institutional change rather than the evolution of political institutions, a theoretical framework to explain China’s rapid economic development is lacking. To understand the successes and failures of China’s institutional change, we reviewed China’s innovative political and economic practices during the past 30 years. We found that the country’s political and economic institutions combine to form a dynamic equilibrium that can explain the impressive economic results. China’s leaders dream of new institutions that will improve upon traditional Western capitalism, based on a combination of central planning with traditional capitalist approaches that increase the system’s flexibility. If China’s leaders can combine this approach with decreased social costs compared with previous socioeconomic systems, this will represent a new era and a model that other nations can follow.

scholarly journals Political instability, institutional change and economic growth in Brazil since 1870

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-910
Author(s):  
Nauro Campos ◽  
Menelaos Karanasos ◽  
Panagiotis Koutroumpis ◽  
Zihui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Long Run

AbstractAre institutions a deep cause of economic growth? This paper tries to answer this question in a novel manner by focusing on within-country variation, over long periods of time, using a new hand-collected data set on institutions and the power-ARCH econometric framework. Focusing on the case of Brazil since 1870, our results suggest (a) that both changes in formal political institutions and informal political instability affect economic growth negatively, (b) there are important differences in terms of their short- versus long-run behaviour, and (c) not all but just a few selected institutions affect economic growth in the long-run.

scholarly journals From Comparative Public Policy to Political Economy

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONAS PONTUSSON
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Comparative Political Economy ◽  
Comparative Public Policy ◽  
Collective Actors ◽  
Structural Variables

The historical institutionalist tradition in comparative politics commonly assigns analytical primacy to political institutions. Whereas this polity-centeredness may be quite justifiable for purposes of comparative public policy, students of comparative political economy should pay systematic attention not only to economic institutions but also to a range of economic-structural variables that lie beyond the conventional confines of institutional analysis. Providing the basis for an analysis of collective actors and their interests, such an approach is needed to account for institutional change and policy realignments within stable institutions.

Domestic Institutions beyond the Nation-State: Charting the New Interdependence Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Farrell ◽  
Abraham L. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Economic Interdependence ◽  
Domestic Institutions ◽  
Change Strategies ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Institutional Politics ◽  
Asymmetric Power ◽  
Single Voice

What is the relationship between domestic and international politics in a world of economic interdependence? This article discusses and organizes an emerging body of scholarship, which the authors label the new interdependence approach, addressing how transnational interactions shape domestic institutions and global politics in a world of economic interdependence. This literature makes three important contributions. First, it examines how domestic institutions affect the ability of political actors to construct the rules and norms governing interdependent relations and thus present a source of asymmetric power. Second, it explores how interdependence alters domestic political institutions through processes of diffusion, transgovernmental coordination, and extraterritorial application and in turn how it changes the national institutions mediating internal debates on globalization. Third, it studies the shifting boundaries of political contestation through which substate actors affect decision making in foreign jurisdictions. Given the importance of institutional change to the new interdependence agenda, the authors suggest several instances where historical institutionalist tools might be exploited to address these transnational dynamics, in particular, mechanisms of cross-national sequencing and change strategies of substate actors. As globalization continues, it will be ever more difficult to examine national trajectories of institutional change in isolation from each other. Equally, it will be difficult to understand international institutions without paying attention to the ways in which they both transform and are transformed by domestic institutional politics. While the new interdependence approach does not yet cohere as a single voice, the authors believe that it offers an innovative agenda that holds tremendous promise for both comparative and international relations research as it calls on scholars to reconsider the dynamic nature of globalization for global politics.

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