Becoming a Man: A Duboisian Examination of the Experiences of Black Men Who Have Sex with Men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Black Masculinity ◽  
Black Manhood ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Key Aspects

Abstract W.E.B. Du Bois developed a thesis on the formation of Black manhood that includes key characteristics of this identity and dynamics that can foster or undermine its development. Yet his framework does not directly reference sexual minorities. Is Du Bois’ thesis relevant today for Black men who have sex with men (BMSM)? Do they espouse similar traits and experience similar challenges? Are their masculinity tropes nuanced based on racial, gender, and/or sexual identities? Informed by a New Millennium Du Boisian Mode of Inquiry and qualitative analyses, this study considers whether and how key aspects of Du Bois’ understanding of the formation of Black manhood are evident among 168 BMSM who reside in the South. Moving beyond a focus on HIV/AIDS for this demographic, the article notes that three themes emerge linked to embracing, essentializing, and extending Du Bois’ thesis on Black manhood that illustrate whether and how his views on Black masculinity are apparent and relevant among Black men excluded from his original work.

“I See Death Around the Corner”: Black Manhood and Vulnerability in Me Against the World

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 632-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keven James Rudrow
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
Black Male ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Black Masculinity ◽  
White Supremacist ◽  
Black Manhood ◽  
The World ◽  
Relational Network

This essay uses Tupac Shakur’s Me Against the World as a case study examining how Black male artists use hip-hop music for articulating the racialized vulnerability organizing their manhood. By thinking about how Shakur understands his Black maleness through his social relationality to the world around him, Shakur’s album creates resistive space for defining Black maleness despite how Black masculinity is often defined and imposed on Black men. Shakur’s album maps a relational network for understanding a brand of Black manhood obscured by dominant discourses about Black men and their masculinity. Specifically, Shakur’s album frames Black maleness through poverty and how it orients Black men, his perpetual susceptibility to harm and death, and suicide ideation as a response to his despair. Connecting Black maleness and vulnerability, Shakur’s album offers insight about being Black and male in a patriarchal White supremacist society.

Sexual Health Communication of Black Men Who Have Sex With Men Who Met On or Offline: A Secondary Data Analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob D Gordon ◽  
Andre L Brown ◽  
Darren L Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Sexual Health Communication ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Traditional Masculinity

BACKGROUND Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) continue to experience disproportionate rates of HIV/STI infection despite advances in effective prevention tools. Over the last decade the method of finding sexual partners has evolved, with BMSM increasingly using geospatial dating applications to find sexual partners. Sexual health communication between partners has been associated with safer sex practices by previous scholars, but it is unclear how sexual health communication of BMSM differs for sex partners found on or offline. OBJECTIVE The current study explored sexual health communication in relationship to how one found their last sexual partner and factors associated with poorer sexual health communication. METHODS This study used secondary data in the form of a self-administered national survey. BMSM were recruited online and in-person and answered questions about their sexual health behaviors regarding their last sexual partner. RESULTS In total, 403 individuals were included in the analysis. The majority of respondents 55.8% (225/403) were more likely to have found their last sexual partner through geospatial dating applications and online websites than offline venues 44.3% (178/225). There was not a significant difference in scores of sexual health communication between those who found their last sexual partner on or offline (P=.49). Additionally, sexual health communication was also not significantly associated (P = .25) based on the venue of their last sexual partner after controlling for covariates. Significant predictors of lower sexual health communication of BMSM were found: positive HIV status (P = .003), a casual partner type (P < .001), and endorsement of traditional masculinity ideologies (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study confirm high rates of sexual partner seeking via online venues among BMSM. The significant predictors of lower sexual health communication, endorsement of traditional masculinity ideologies and positive HIV status, suggest that stigma is a barrier to effective sexual health communication of BMSM.

scholarly journals CREATION OF DIGITAL TWINS - KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYSICAL TO VIRTUAL TWINNING IN MECHATRONIC PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 781-790
Author(s):  
Carolin Sturm ◽  
Michael Steck ◽  
Frank Bremer ◽  
Sven Revfi ◽  
Thomas Nelius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
Model Integration ◽  
Virtual Models ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Depth Interviews

AbstractDue to the falling costs of computational resources and the increasing potential of data acquisition, interest in digital twins, a virtual copy of the physical original, and their industrial application is increasing. Nevertheless, there is limited published work on how to support the process of physical to virtual twinning and what its key aspects are. The aim of this study is to present insights with regards to physical to virtual twinning gained from modelling projects in mechatronic product development. We conducted a survey and in-depth interviews with members of modelling projects. In the surveys and interviews we identified how physical products and virtual models were linked, which virtual models were used and which general challenges and key aspects are considered important by the project members. Our findings show that the key characteristics that pose challenges to modelling regarding physical to virtual twinning are model granularity, model validation, and model integration and interconnectivity.

scholarly journals Measuring Gender Role Conflict, Internalized Stigma, and Racial and Sexual Identity in Behaviorally Bisexual Black Men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homero E. del Pino ◽  
W. Neil Steers ◽  
Martin Lee ◽  
Jason McCuller ◽  
Ron D. Hays ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Role Conflict ◽  
Gender Role Conflict ◽  
Internalized Homophobia ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Race And Sexuality ◽  
Simple Factor ◽  
Sex With Men

AbstractBlack men who have sex with men and women (BMSMW) experience pressure to fill hypermasculine ideals and may not identify with “gay” cultural norms. Existing measures of gender role expectations and internalized homophobia are not culturally appropriate for BMSMW. Researchers generally measure categorical identification with race, gender, and sexual orientation groups separately, whereas BMSMW may identify with multiple categories. We modified the Gender Role Conflict Scale to create the M-GRCS and the Internalized Homophobia Scale to include biphobia (Internalized Bi/Homophobia Scale, IBHS). To examine identification at the intersection of race, gender, and sexual orientation, we created 11 Integrated Race and Sexuality Scale (IRSS) items. With data from 429 BMSMW, we conducted exploratory factor analysis of the 59 items using categorical principal axis factoring with unweighted least squares extraction and Promax factor rotation. We created simple-summated multi-item scales and evaluated their construct validity. The rotated solution yielded four factors with 47 items and a simple factor structure: M-GRCS defined two factors (α = .93 for restricted emotionality/affection; .87 for success/power/competition); the IBHS (α = .89) and IRSS (α = .74) each defined a single factor. The IRSS factor was positively correlated with the Lukwago Racial Pride Scale, r(417) = .40. The IBHS factor was negatively correlated with the IRSS factor, r(414) = − .22. The two M-GRCS factors suggest that the construct of hypermasculinity impacts BMSMW. The high IBHS reliability indicates that homophobia and biphobia were positively correlated in this sample. These three scales have potential for future studies with BMSMW.

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