Precarious Childhoods: Childhood Family Income Volatility and Mental Health in Early Adulthood

Social Forces ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 672-699
Author(s):  
Siwei Cheng ◽  
Kyriaki Kosidou ◽  
Bo Burström ◽  
Charlotte Björkenstam ◽  
Anne R Pebley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Income Volatility ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The rise of income volatility in western countries has been extensively documented in the literature, but empirical research has just started to examine how childhood exposure to family income volatility affects subsequent wellbeing. This study takes advantage of several nation-wide, population registers from Sweden with linkages within and across generations to examine the intergenerational impact of childhood family income volatility on psychiatric disorders in early adulthood. In addition to the population-average effects, we also examine the heterogeneity in the impact of family income volatility for families at the top, bottom, and middle of the family income distribution. Our results suggest that after controlling for a set of family- and child-level characteristics, childhood family income volatility has a negative effect on mental wellbeing, and this finding is consistent across a range of psychiatric outcomes. Furthermore, we show that while children from low-income families exhibit the greatest likelihood of psychiatric disorder, children from families in the middle of the income distribution experience the greatest negative impact of income volatility.

Racial and low-income quotas in Brazilian universities: impact on academic performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-176
Author(s):  
Claudia Bueno Rocha Vidigal
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of racial and low-income quotas on academic performance of students from public and private universities in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach Using propensity score matching applied to student-level data from the National Examination of Student Performance conducted in 2012; this paper identifies the impact of the quota policy on academic performance considering all Brazilian universities. Findings The results indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in academic performance between students admitted under the racial quota and those who had the regular admission (non-quota students). The impact is positive, however, for students from the North region of Brazil and among those with very low family income, whereas a negative impact is observed for those from the Central-West region. In regard to the low-income quota, quota students perform worse than eligible non-quota students as their scores are, on average, 14 percent lower. Similar findings are observed when different subsamples are considered. Originality/value This paper’s main contribution is to provide a broader and more rigorous empirical approach than that presented by the existing literature in order to evaluate the impact of quota policies on academic achievement. Moreover, this study considers all Brazilian institutions whereas previous studies are limited to only one or a few universities.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 290-294
Author(s):  
Л.Т. Каракетова
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Additional Payments ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Global Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

В данной статье рассматривается влияние пандемии на состояние мировой экономики, в частности, проведён анализ негативного последствия пандемии для мирового экономического роста. В 2021 году большинству стран придется столкнутся с рецессией, и особое место занимает- экономический ущерб по регионам. Рассматривается статистическая динамика последствий пандемии с резким негативным экономическим эффектом на различные отрасли, рассматриваются меры правительства страны для сохранения занятости населения, посредством доплат и поддержки частного предпринимательства для смягчения кризиса. Рассматриваются меры поддержки граждан государством, которыми являются: выплаты пособий для детей, выдача препаратов для заболевших, а также помощь государственным организациям - производилась выдача выплаты заболевшим сотрудникам. Проанализировано влияние пандемии на процесс обучения в школах и университетах, с учётом наиболее уязвимых групп населения. Пандемия обнародовала хрупкие стороны глобальных производственно-сбытовых цепочек, которым пришлось временно остановить работу. Рассматриваются решения и действия по смягчению влияния пандемии посредством бесплатной помощи для переболевших для восстановления в курортах и санаториях, выделением техники для малоимущих семей, материальной поддержкой, выделенных семьям с детьми, не достигшими 18 летнего возраста. This article examines the impact of the pandemic on the global economy, in particular, the analysis of the negative impact of the pandemic on global economic growth. In 2021, most countries will be faced with a recession, especially economically damaging by region. The article considers the statistical dynamics of the consequences of the pandemic with a sharp negative economic effect on various industries as well as the measures which governments have taken to maintain employment, through additional payments and support for private entrepreneurship to mitigate the crisis. The state has supported society with benefits for children and medicines for the sick, and state organizations have made payments to sick employees. This study analyzes the impact of the pandemic on the learning process in schools and universities, taking into account the most vulnerable groups of the population. The pandemic has exposed the fragile sides of global supply chains that have had to temporarily shut down. The article considers decisions and actions to mitigate the impact of the pandemic through free assistance for those who have been ill to recover in resorts and sanatoriums, the allocation of equipment for low-income families, and material support allocated to families with children under the age of eighteen.

scholarly journals The Impact of Having One Parent Absent on Children’ Food Consumption and Nutrition in China

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3077
Author(s):  
Xu Tian ◽  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Compensation Effect ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Nutrition Intake ◽  
The Impact

The rapid economic and social development in the past decades has greatly increased the societal acceptance of divorce and non-marital pregnancies in China, which leads to a soaring number of single-parent children. This paper aimed to investigate the impact of having one parent absent on children’ food consumption and nutrition status. We extracted 1114 children from a longitudinal household survey data in China, all of which were observed twice. Using the Propensity Score Matching and Difference-in-Difference methods, we found that being raised by one parent does not have a negative effect on children’s food consumption and nutrition intake. On the contrary, single-parent families tend to provide more food to their children as a compensation for the absence of one parent and this compensation effect offsets the negative impact caused by declined family income. Particularly, urban, rich families had stronger compensation effect than other families with low and middle incomes.

Rising Family Income Inequality: The Importance of Sorting

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie Reed ◽  
Maria Cancian
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Impact

The distribution of family income reflects the distribution of personal income and the composition of families. We develop a non-parametric measure of the impact that changes in family income relationships have on the distribution of family income. Using data from Annual Social and Economic Supplement (the March files) of the Current Population Survey (CPS) (1968-2003), we find that changes in "income sorting" account for more than half of the increase in family income inequality in the United States over the last three decades. Furthermore, income sorting accounts for an even larger share of the growing gap between middle-income and low-income families. Our results demonstrate that understanding inequality of economic well-being requires going beyond labor earnings and other income sources to examine the composition and work behavior of families.

Marital Happiness and Psychosocial Mechanisms in Low-Income Chinese Families

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-90
Author(s):  
Huiping Zhang ◽  
Tao Tao
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Marital Happiness ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Work Intervention ◽  
Psychological Mechanism ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Impact

The impact of economic circumstances on marital quality has been widely studied in Western countries; however, there is still no empirical evidence to examine this association in a Chinese context. This study aimed to investigate the impact of family income on marital happiness and associated psychosocial mechanisms among urban Chinese residents. Based on a national representative sample of 2,132 men and 2,394 women, the results demonstrated that low-income urban couples reported lower marital happiness compared with their higher income counterparts. For married women, low-income status increased the spousal hostility toward them, which in turn made them unhappy with their marriage, but this psychological mechanism did not happen to married men similarly. In addition, low-income status decreased both men’s and women’s perception of social support from family members and thus exerted a negative influence on their marital happiness. It is suggested that social work intervention programs aiming at low-income families should target their economic difficulties, help manage their assets, and deal with psychosocial relationships.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

Monitoring the Impact of Family Health Benefits for Low-Income Families

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trish Livingstone ◽  
Lisa Lix ◽  
Mary McNutt ◽  
Evan Morris ◽  
William Osei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of Urban Recreation Environment on Residents’ Happiness—Based on a Case Study in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5549
Author(s):  
Lei Kang ◽  
Zhaoping Yang ◽  
Fang Han
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Income Group ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Recreation

Rapid urbanization promotes the expansion of urban tourism and recreation functions, but it also brings many problems, which affect residents’ happiness. Previous studies have emphasized the direct impact of urban recreation environment on happiness, and few have explored the indirect impact of urban recreation environment on happiness through subjective evaluation. Based on the survey data of nearly 10,000 permanent residents in 40 key tourism cities in China, this paper establishes a theoretical framework of the direct and indirect impact of urban recreation environment on happiness. The objective evaluation of natural recreation environment and sociocultural recreation environment has an important influence on happiness, but the influence of natural recreation environment is greater than that of sociocultural recreation environment. Individual subjective satisfaction with urban recreation environment mediates the relationship between urban objective environment and happiness. Urban parks have a positive effect on happiness, while tourist attractions have a negative effect. The influence of urban location on happiness is nonlinear. The high-income group is more sensitive to the recreation environment, while the low-income group is less sensitive to the recreation environment. These findings provide insights for further improving citizens’ quality of life and designing urban construction in developing countries under the conditions of rapid urbanization.

scholarly journals “You run out of hope:” An Exploration of Low-Income Parents’ Experiences with Food Insecurity using Photovoice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Payge Lindow ◽  
Irene H. Yen ◽  
Mingyu Xiao ◽  
Cindy W. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Objective: Using an adaption of the Photovoice method, this study explored how food insecurity affected parents’ ability to provide food for their family, their strategies for managing household food insecurity, and the impact of food insecurity on their well-being. Design: Parents submitted photos around their families’ experiences with food insecurity. Afterwards, they completed in-depth, semi-structured interviews about their photos. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed for thematic content using the constant comparative method. Setting: San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA. Subjects: 17 parents (14 mothers and 3 fathers) were recruited from a broader qualitative study on understanding the experiences of food insecurity in low-income families. Results: Four themes were identified from the parents’ photos and interviews. First, parents described multiple aspects of their food environment that promoted unhealthy eating behaviors. Second, parents shared strategies they employed to acquire food with limited resources. Third, parents expressed feelings of shame, guilt, and distress resulting from their experience of food insecurity. And finally, parents described treating their children to special foods to cultivate a sense of normalcy. Conclusions: Parents highlighted the external contributors and internal struggles of their experiences of food insecurity. Additional research to understand the experiences of the food-insecure families may help to improve nutrition interventions targeting this structurally vulnerable population.

Longitudinal Links between Income Dynamics and Young Adult Socioeconomic and Behavioral Health Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2199638
Author(s):  
Kendra Whitfield ◽  
Laura Betancur ◽  
Portia Miller ◽  
Elizabeth Votruba-Drzal
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Adult Outcomes ◽  
Income Volatility ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Socioeconomic Outcomes ◽  
Young Adult Outcomes

Longitudinal links between childhood family income and adult outcomes are well documented. However, research on childhood income volatility and young adult outcomes is limited. This study utilizes data from the NLSY ( N = 6,410) to examine how childhood family income and income volatility relate to socioeconomic outcomes and mental/behavioral health in emerging adulthood. Results show that lower childhood income was associated with young adult socioeconomic and behavioral health outcomes. Higher income volatility was associated with increased depression and teen parenthood during young adulthood. Additional analyses examining trajectories of income volatility illustrated that children in families with unstable income trajectories (i.e., frequent income losses and gains) showed higher depression scores than those with stable trajectories. These findings suggest that income volatility, not just income level or income loss, is important to consider when studying economic disparities in young adult outcomes. Implications for policies and programs for low-income, high-volatility households are discussed.

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