scholarly journals Neural signatures of child cognitive emotion regulation are bolstered by parental social regulation in two cultures

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 947-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Myruski ◽  
Samantha Birk ◽  
Mayumi Karasawa ◽  
Aya Kamikubo ◽  
Midori Kazama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Late Positive Potential ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Present Group ◽  
Parent Scaffolding

Abstract Caregiver impact on the efficacy of cognitive emotion regulation (ER; i.e. reappraisal) during childhood is poorly understood, particularly across cultures. We tested the hypothesis that in children from Japan and the USA, a neurocognitive signature of effective reappraisal, the late positive potential (LPP), will be bolstered by cognitive scaffolding by parents, and explored whether the two cultures differed in whether mere physical proximity of parents provides similar benefit. Five-to-seven-year-olds (N = 116; nJapan = 58; nUSA = 58) completed a directed reappraisal task (EEG-recorded) in one of three contexts: (i) parent-scaffolding, (ii) parent-present and (iii) parent-absent. Across cultures, those in the parent-scaffolding group and parent-present group showed effective reappraisal via the LPP relative to those in the parent-absent group. Results suggest that scaffolding is an effective method through which parents in these two cultures buttress child ER, and even parental passive proximity appears to have a meaningful effect on child ER across cultures.

Comparable Modulation of the Late Positive Potential by Emotion Regulation in Younger and Older Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra J. E. Langeslag ◽  
Jan W. Van Strien
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Late Positive Potential ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Apparent Discrepancy ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Psychophysiological Responses ◽  
Psychophysiological Measures ◽  
Emotional Pictures

It has been suggested that emotion regulation improves with aging. Here, we investigated age differences in emotion regulation by studying modulation of the late positive potential (LPP) by emotion regulation instructions. The electroencephalogram of younger (18–26 years) and older (60–77 years) adults was recorded while they viewed neutral, unpleasant, and pleasant pictures and while they were instructed to increase or decrease the feelings that the emotional pictures elicited. The LPP was enhanced when participants were instructed to increase their emotions. No age differences were observed in this emotion regulation effect, suggesting that emotion regulation abilities are unaffected by aging. This contradicts studies that measured emotion regulation by self-report, yet accords with studies that measured emotion regulation by means of facial expressions or psychophysiological responses. More research is needed to resolve the apparent discrepancy between subjective self-report and objective psychophysiological measures.

scholarly journals Altered emotion regulation in obsessive–compulsive disorder as evidenced by the late positive potential

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Paul ◽  
D. Simon ◽  
T. Endrass ◽  
N. Kathmann
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Late Positive Potential ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Background.Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with marked anxiety, which triggers repetitive behaviours or mental rituals. The persistence of pathological anxiety and maladaptive strategies to reduce anxiety point to altered emotion regulation. The late positive potential (LPP) is an event-related brain potential (ERP) that reflects sustained attention to emotional stimuli and is sensitive to emotion-regulation instructions. We hypothesized that patients with OCD show altered electrocortical responses during reappraisal of stimuli triggering their symptoms.Method.To test our hypothesis, ERPs to disorder-relevant, generally aversive and neutral pictures were recorded while participants were instructed to either maintain or reduce emotional responding using cognitive distraction or cognitive reappraisal.Results.Relative to healthy controls, patients with OCD showed enhanced LPPs in response to disorder-relevant pictures, indicating their prioritized processing. While both distraction and reappraisal successfully reduced the LPP in healthy controls, patients with OCD failed to show corresponding LPP modulation during cognitive reappraisal despite successfully reduced subjective arousal ratings.Conclusions.The results point to sustained attention towards emotional stimuli during cognitive reappraisal in OCD and suggest that abnormal emotion regulation should be integrated in models of OCD.

Habitual Use of Cognitive Reappraisal Is Associated With Decreased Amplitude of the Late Positive Potential (LPP) Elicited by Threatening Pictures

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil R. Harrison ◽  
Philippe Chassy
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Late Positive Potential ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. In contrast to our knowledge about instructed emotion regulation, rather little is known about the effects of habitual (or “spontaneous”) emotion regulation on neural processing. We analyzed the relationship between everyday use of cognitive reappraisal (measured by the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, ERQ-R), and the amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP), which is sensitive to down-regulation of negative emotions via reappraisal. Participants viewed a series of neutral and threatening images, and rated them for level of threat. We found increased LPP amplitude for threatening compared to neutral pictures between 500 and 1,500 ms. Crucially, we found smaller LPP amplitudes to threatening versus neutral pictures for participants who used reappraisal more often in everyday life. This relationship between LPP amplitude and the ERQ-R was observed in the 1,000–1,500 ms interval of the LPP, over right centro-parietal electrodes. The current findings indicate that habitual tendency to use reappraisal is associated with reduced amplitude of the LPP in response to threatening pictures, in the absence of any explicit instruction to regulate emotions.

scholarly journals Brazilians and Americans habits and perceptions analysis for the translation of coffee packages and labels

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e24101219984
Author(s):  
Adriano Clayton da Silva ◽  
Luíz Guilherme Malaquias da Silva ◽  
Ádrian Rodrigues Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Country Brand ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Consumption Habits

In this paper, we analyze the consumption habits and perceptions of Brazilians and Americans regarding the consumption, preparation and handling of the coffee product and its packaging, in order to better think about translating the packaging of coffee produced in southern Minas Gerais to the USA market. Through bibliographic research and other resources, information such as preparation, reasons for consumption, and place of consumption were compared between the two populations to understand if there were relevant cultural differences. The packaging of eight coffee brands, four from each country, was also compared in order to notice any differences and similarities between them. The results show that there are indeed differences between the two cultures, both in their habits and in their packaging. Some examples are the valorization of the semantic field of coffee in Brazilian packaging, and the preference for quick methods of brewing the product for the Americans. We conclude that any translation of Brazilian coffee for the American public must consider these differences. Finally, we present some possibilities for packaging translation, using for this the idea of country brand and its influences on consumers, as well as the concepts of Localization, Intersemiotic Translation and Paratranslation.

Information Systems Ethics in the USA and in the Arab World

2003 ◽  
pp. 222-235
Author(s):  
Husain Al-Lawatia ◽  
Thomas Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Average Strength ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Survey Item ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Personal Use ◽  
Arab Students ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This chapter explores similarities and differences between two cultures, the USA and the Arab World, in BIS ethics, through a survey of American and Arab students on personal use of organizational computers, use of organizational IS resources for non-organization gain, and monitoring of organizational IS resource use. While interesting statistical differences were found in the average strength of several responses, there was no disagreement as to the ethicality or non-ethicality of any survey item. The authors view this consistency as encouraging evidence of a common foundation for IS-related commerce between the two cultures. The findings of this study can be a basis for future cooperation, as legislators, educators, and employers in the Arab World and the USA develop acceptable BIS practices.

Social Entrepreneurial Intentions

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yang ◽  
Moriah Meyskens ◽  
Congcong Zheng ◽  
Lingyan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
The Usa

This study evaluates how cultural dimensions influence the determinants of social entrepreneurial intentions. The authors develop a survey instrument and analyse the determinants of the social entrepreneurial intentions of 236 individuals from China and the USA through factor analysis and structural equation modelling. They find that, when forming their social entrepreneurial intentions, those in China are influenced more by subjective norms and less by behavioural attitudes than those in the USA. The results thus suggest that the concept of social entrepreneurship is not uniform across the two cultures and that individuals are influenced by their culture when forming their social entrepreneurial intentions.

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