scholarly journals Magnocellular and parvocellular pathway contributions to facial threat cue processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody A Cushing ◽  
Hee Yeon Im ◽  
Reginald B Adams Jr ◽  
Noreen Ward ◽  
Kestutis Kveraga
Keyword(s):  
Parvocellular Pathway ◽  
Cue Processing ◽  
Facial Threat

scholarly journals Differential visual pathway contributions to compound facial threat cue processing

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Cody Cushing ◽  
Reginald Adams, Jr. ◽  
Hee Yeon Im ◽  
Noreen Ward ◽  
Kestutis Kveraga
Keyword(s):  
Visual Pathway ◽  
Cue Processing ◽  
Facial Threat

scholarly journals Differential magnocellular versus parvocellular pathway contributions to the combinatorial processing of facial threat

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald B. Adams ◽  
Hee Yeon Im ◽  
Cody Cushing ◽  
Jasmine Boshyan ◽  
Noreen Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parvocellular Pathway ◽  
Facial Threat

A Review of the Role of Cue Processing in Task Switching

2013 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Jost ◽  
Wouter De Baene ◽  
Iring Koch ◽  
Marcel Brass
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Task Switch ◽  
Task Set ◽  
Switch Costs ◽  
Set Switching ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
Cue Encoding ◽  
Cue Processing

The role of cue processing has become a controversial topic in research on cognitive control using task-switching procedures. Some authors suggested a priming account to explain switch costs as a form of encoding benefit when the cue from the previous trial is repeated and hence challenged theories that attribute task-switch costs to task-set (re)configuration. A rich body of empirical evidence has evolved that indeed shows that cue-encoding repetition priming is an important component in task switching. However, these studies also demonstrate that there are usually substantial “true” task-switch costs. Here, we review this behavioral, electrophysiological, and brain imaging evidence. Moreover, we describe alternative approaches to the explicit task-cuing procedure, such as the usage of transition cues or the task-span procedure. In addition, we address issues related to the type of cue, such as cue transparency. We also discuss methodological and theoretical implications and argue that the explicit task-cuing procedure is suitable to address issues of cognitive control and task-set switching.

Beards Increase the Speed, Accuracy, and Explicit Judgments of Facial Threat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barnaby J. W. Dixson ◽  
Claire L. Barkhuizen ◽  
Belinda M. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Facial Threat

scholarly journals Evidence of a Role for the Hippocampus in Food‐Cue Processing and the Association with Body Weight and Dietary Added Sugar

Obesity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-378
Author(s):  
Sabrina Jones ◽  
Shan Luo ◽  
Hilary M. Dorton ◽  
Brendan Angelo ◽  
Alexandra G. Yunker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Cue Processing

scholarly journals The Impact of Shape-Based Cue Discriminability on Attentional Performance

Vision ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Olga Lukashova-Sanz ◽  
Siegfried Wahl ◽  
Thomas S. A. Wallis ◽  
Katharina Rifai
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Know How ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Attentional Performance ◽  
Cue Processing ◽  
The Impact

With rapidly developing technology, visual cues became a powerful tool for deliberate guiding of attention and affecting human performance. Using cues to manipulate attention introduces a trade-off between increased performance in cued, and decreased in not cued, locations. For higher efficacy of visual cues designed to purposely direct user’s attention, it is important to know how manipulation of cue properties affects attention. In this verification study, we addressed how varying cue complexity impacts the allocation of spatial endogenous covert attention in space and time. To gradually vary cue complexity, the discriminability of the cue was systematically modulated using a shape-based design. Performance was compared in attended and unattended locations in an orientation-discrimination task. We evaluated additional temporal costs due to processing of a more complex cue by comparing performance at two different inter-stimulus intervals. From preliminary data, attention scaled with cue discriminability, even for supra-threshold cue discriminability. Furthermore, individual cue processing times partly impacted performance for the most complex, but not simpler cues. We conclude that, first, cue complexity expressed by discriminability modulates endogenous covert attention at supra-threshold cue discriminability levels, with increasing benefits and decreasing costs; second, it is important to consider the temporal processing costs of complex visual cues.

MAGNOCELLULAR PATHWAY FOR ROTATION INVARIANT NEOCOGNITRON

1993 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER HIAN-ANN TING
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Neural Network Model ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Input Pattern ◽  
Arbitrary Orientation ◽  
Magnocellular Pathway ◽  
Rotation Invariant ◽  
Parvocellular Pathway ◽  
Simulation Programme

In the mammalian visual system, magnocellular pathway and parvocellular pathway cooperatively process visual information in parallel. The magnocellular pathway is more global and less particular about the details while the parvocellular pathway recognizes objects based on the local features. In many aspects, Neocognitron may be regarded as the artificial analogue of the parvocellular pathway. It is interesting then to model the magnocellular pathway. In order to achieve "rotation invariance" for Neocognitron, we propose a neural network model after the magnocellular pathway and expand its roles to include surmising the orientation of the input pattern prior to recognition. With the incorporation of the magnocellular pathway, a basic shift in the original paradigm has taken place. A pattern is now said to be recognized when and only when one of the winners of the magnocellular pathway is validified by the parvocellular pathway. We have implemented the magnocellular pathway coupled with Neocognitron parallel on transputers; our simulation programme is now able to recognize numerals in arbitrary orientation.

scholarly journals Modeling Causal Relationship Between Brain Regions Within the Drug-Cue Processing Network in Chronic Cocaine Smokers

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (13) ◽  
pp. 2960-2968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchismita Ray ◽  
Margaret Haney ◽  
Catherine Hanson ◽  
Bharat Biswal ◽  
Stephen José Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Chronic Cocaine ◽  
Cue Processing ◽  
Processing Network ◽  
Drug Cue

scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in brain activation during anticipation of monetary loss in bipolar disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (16) ◽  
pp. 2781-2788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Manelis ◽  
Richelle Stiffler ◽  
Jeanette C. Lockovich ◽  
Jorge R. C. Almeida ◽  
Haris A. Aslam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cue Processing

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with bipolar disorder (BD) show aberrant brain activation patterns during reward and loss anticipation. We examined for the first time longitudinal changes in brain activation during win and loss anticipation to identify trait markers of aberrant anticipatory processing in BD.MethodsThirty-four euthymic and depressed individuals with BD-I and 17 healthy controls (HC) were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging twice 6 months apart during a reward task.ResultsHC, but not individuals with BD, showed longitudinal reductions in the right lateral occipital cortex (RLOC) activation during processing of cues predicting possible money loss (p-corrected <0.05). This result was not affected by psychotropic medication, mood state or the changes in depression/mania severity between the two scans in BD. Elevated symptoms of subthreshold hypo/mania at baseline predicted more aberrant longitudinal patterns of RLOC activation explaining 12.5% of variance in individuals with BD.ConclusionsIncreased activation in occipital cortex during negative outcome anticipation may be related to elevated negative emotional arousal during anticipatory cue processing. One interpretation is that, unlike HC, individuals with BD were not able to learn at baseline that monetary losses were smaller than monetary gains and were not able to reduce emotional arousal for negative cues 6 months later. Future research in BD should examine how modulating occipital cortical activation affects learning from experience in individuals with BD.

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