scholarly journals Sex differences in the development of emotion circuitry in adolescents at risk for substance abuse: a longitudinal fMRI study

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 965-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian E. Hardee ◽  
Lora M. Cope ◽  
Emily C. Munier ◽  
Robert C. Welsh ◽  
Robert A. Zucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Fmri Study

Family Beliefs among Adolescents at Risk for Substance Abuse

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Harbach ◽  
W. Paul Jones
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Family Beliefs

Family and Peer Correlates of Behavioral Self-Regulation in Boys at Risk for Substance Abuse

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dawes ◽  
Duncan Clark ◽  
Howard Moss ◽  
Levent Kirisci ◽  
Ralph Tarter
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Self Regulation

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Default Mode Network with Regard to Autism Spectrum Traits: A Resting State fMRI Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e0143126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minyoung Jung ◽  
Maria Mody ◽  
Daisuke N. Saito ◽  
Akemi Tomoda ◽  
Hidehiko Okazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Altered fear processing in adolescents with a history of severe childhood maltreatment: an fMRI study

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1092-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hart ◽  
L. Lim ◽  
M. A. Mehta ◽  
A. Simmons ◽  
K. A. H. Mirza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions

AbstractBackgroundChildren with a history of maltreatment suffer from altered emotion processing but the neural basis of this phenomenon is unknown. This pioneering functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the effects of severe childhood maltreatment on emotion processing while controlling for psychiatric conditions, medication and substance abuse.MethodTwenty medication-naive, substance abuse-free adolescents with a history of childhood abuse, 20 psychiatric control adolescents matched on psychiatric diagnoses but with no maltreatment and 27 healthy controls underwent a fMRI emotion discrimination task comprising fearful, angry, sad happy and neutral dynamic facial expressions.ResultsMaltreated participants responded faster to fearful expressions and demonstrated hyper-activation compared to healthy controls of classical fear-processing regions of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex, which survived at a more lenient threshold relative to psychiatric controls. Functional connectivity analysis, furthermore, demonstrated reduced connectivity between left vmPFC and insula for fear in maltreated participants compared to both healthy and psychiatric controls.ConclusionsThe findings show that people who have experienced childhood maltreatment have enhanced fear perception, both at the behavioural and neurofunctional levels, associated with enhanced fear-related ventromedial fronto-cingulate activation and altered functional connectivity with associated limbic regions. Furthermore, the connectivity adaptations were specific to the maltreatment rather than to the developing psychiatric conditions, whilst the functional changes were only evident at trend level when compared to psychiatric controls, suggesting a continuum. The neurofunctional hypersensitivity of fear-processing networks may be due to childhood over-exposure to fear in people who have been abused.

Characteristics of Arrestees at Risk for Co-Existing Substance Abuse and Mental Disorder in Cleveland, Ohio, 2003

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia A. Alemagno ◽  
Elizabeth Shaffer-King ◽  
Peggy Tonkin ◽  
Rachel Hammel
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Cleveland Ohio

scholarly journals Sex differences in eating related behaviors and psychopathology among adolescent military dependents at risk for adult obesity and eating disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Quattlebaum ◽  
Natasha L. Burke ◽  
M.K. Higgins Neyland ◽  
William Leu ◽  
Natasha A. Schvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Military Dependents

scholarly journals Simulation and social behavior: an fMRI study of neural processing during simulation in individuals with and without risk for psychosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Sarah Hope Lincoln ◽  
Laura T Germine ◽  
Patrick Mair ◽  
Christine I Hooker
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Internal Representation ◽  
Mental Simulation ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Social Ability ◽  
Fmri Study

Abstract Social dysfunction is a risk indicator for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, with at-risk individuals demonstrating a range of social behavior impairments. Variability in social ability may be explained by individual differences in the psychological processes of social behavior. In particular, mental simulation, the process by which an individual generates an internal representation of the thoughts or feelings of another, may explain variation in social behavior. This study investigates the neural process of simulation in healthy individuals and individuals at risk for psychosis. Using a novel fMRI pain paradigm, individuals watch videos of another person’s hand or foot experiencing pain. After each video, individuals are asked to simulate the observed painful situation on their own hand or foot. Neural activity during simulation in the somatosensory cortex was associated with real-world self-reported social behavior, such that a stronger neural response in the somatosensory cortex was associated with greater rates of positive social experiences and affective empathy across all participants. These findings suggest that the neural mechanisms that underlie simulation are important for social behavior, and may explain individual variability in social functioning in healthy and at-risk populations.

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