scholarly journals The effect of oxytocin on cooperation in a prisoner’s dilemma depends on the social context and a person’s social value orientation

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 802-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn H. Declerck ◽  
Christophe Boone ◽  
Toko Kiyonari
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Value Orientation ◽  
The Social

Response of Cooperators and Competitors in a Simulated Arms Race

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1101-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Stone ◽  
Cindy Jones ◽  
Brian Betz
Keyword(s):  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Value Orientation ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma Game ◽  
Tension Reduction ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma Game

40 subjects classified by social value orientation as cooperators or competitors played a six-choice Prisoner's Dilemma game in which a simulated participant employed a strategy of Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-reduction. Cooperators and competitors did not differ in cooperation, and both groups responded cooperatively to the strategy.

WHAT PRICE DO YOU ASK FOR THE “EXTRA ONE”?: A SOCIAL VALUE ORIENTATION PERSPECTIVE

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Huang Lin ◽  
Hung-Ming Lin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Lower Price ◽  
Social Value Orientation ◽  
The Social

The concept of social value orientation was used to explore individuals' decisions in asking price when they had an “extra one” that someone wanted to buy. Results from an experimental study indicated that competitors' asking price was higher than those of individualists, who in turn asked higher prices than did prosocials. Regardless of the social value orientation, participants charged a significantly lower price for the “extra one” if the buyer was a friend rather than a stranger. In addition, for prosocials, market price was not an important consideration when they decided the asking price, and they exhibited cooperative behavior only under the situation of no loss.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISPOSITIONAL ENVY AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 419-437
Author(s):  
Fitnat Nazlı SAYĞAN YAĞIZ
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Value Orientation ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Orientation Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

According to the “Social Value Orientation” model, the value orientation of individuals is divided into two categories as prosocial and proself. Proselfs (individuals with proself value orientation) are reluctant to share their knowledge. Within the scope of this study, individuals with dispositional envy are described as proselfs. There are studies in the literature in which envy is considered as a feeling and associated with sharing knowledge. However, no study is found on the relationship between knowledge sharing and dispositional envy which is a personality trait. In this study, based on the “Social Value Orientation” model, the relationship between dispositional envy and knowledge sharing is investigated. Knowledge sharing is vital in the banking sector, where knowledge management technologies are used extensively. For this reason, this study was carried out on 175 bank employees in the banking sector. Quantitative research methods were used in the study. Findings show that dispositional envy is negatively related to knowledge sharing.

Social value orientation moderates ingroup love but not outgroup hate in competitive intergroup conflict

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten K.W. de Dreu
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Social Value Orientation ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Social Value Orientations ◽  
Prosocial Orientation

In intergroup conflict, individual cooperation may be directed at strengthening the ingroup, thus undermining the effectiveness and sustainability of the competing outgroup. Reversely, cooperation directed towards the competing outgroup indirectly undermines the viability of the ingroup and is often seen by ingroup members as disloyal, non-cooperative behavior. Using the Intergroup Prisoner’s Dilemma—Maximizing Differences Game to model intergroup conflict, the experiment reported here shows that compared to individuals with a chronic pro-self orientation, those with a chronic prosocial orientation display stronger ingroup trust and ingroup love—they self-sacrifice to benefit their ingroup—but not more or less outgroup distrust and outgroup hate. Furthermore, in this situation pro-social individuals were driven more by ingroup fairness considerations when contributing to their ingroup. Path analyses suggest that effects of social value orientation on ingroup love are mediated by ingroup trust and not by fairness considerations. Implications for research on social value orientations, and intergroup conflict and competition are discussed.

scholarly journals A Game Mechanism of Individual Value Decision-Making Based on SVO Differences

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xu Shi ◽  
Lu-yun Qiu ◽  
Zhi-geng Fang ◽  
Xia-qing Liu ◽  
Yang-yang Du
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Value Orientation ◽  
Value System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prosocial Orientation ◽  
Individual Value

As the externalized carrier of intrinsic value, value decision-making is an important factor affecting the social value system. As an old Chinese saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed,” crisis environment provides the background for the conflicts of multiple values, while individual social value orientation (SVO) determines the ranking of the value states. This paper defined the SVO types by means of Slider Measure method on the basis of environment description, constructed a decision-making game model in accordance with SVO differences, and finally analysed the mechanism of people’s decision-making. Taking the epidemic situation as the background, this paper conducted an empirical analysis with the sample of college students. The results showed that the most SVO types of college students were prosocial orientation, followed by individualistic orientation, altruistic orientation, and competitive orientation. In the crisis environment, individual SVO type and decision-making constituted a mapping relationship. There was an equilibrium point in the decision of prosocial orientation, and the dominant decision of altruistic orientation or individualistic orientation is relatively stable.

scholarly journals PARADOXICAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AGING STEREOTYPES AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIORS TOWARD OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S729-S729
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Cai Xing ◽  
Ming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Social Value Orientation ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
The Social

Abstract According to stereotype content model, older adults were perceived as low in competence (but high in warmth). Studies have demonstrated that such negative stereotypes could affect older adults significantly. However, it remained unclear how younger adults could be influenced, especially during intergenerational interactions, i.e., would positive or negative aging stereotypes promote more prosocial behaviors toward older adults. 104 younger adults were randomly assigned to three aging stereotype conditions (i.e., negative, neutral vs. positive), and they were then introduced to play two prosocial tasks (i.e., social value orientation and ultimatum game), in which they were imagined to play with either a younger or an older adults. It was found that younger adults exhibited more prosocial tendencies toward older partners than that to younger partners in both tasks. Moreover, activation of a negative aging stereotype could make younger adults behave more prosocially to the older partners in the social value orientation task.

The Bad Apple Effect and Social Value Orientation in Public-Goods Dilemmas: Replication and Extension of Research Findings

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 866-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Wu ◽  
Jiaqing Sun ◽  
Wei Cai ◽  
Shenghua Jin
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Effect Study ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Value Orientation ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings

Two studies were conducted to replicate and extend previous findings on the effect of uncooperative behavior on group cooperation (the “bad apple” effect). Study 1 (56 women, 40 men; M age = 23.5 yr.) manipulated information about contributions from the bad apple, controlling for overall contributions to a group account. Study 2 (50 women, 34 men; M age = 20.4 yr.) compared the effects of a bad apple and a good apple on cooperation. The social value orientation of participants was measured to explore individual differences in the bad apple effect. The results revealed a bad apple (a) decreased cooperation among individuals with proself and prosocial orientations in Study 1, and (b) had a greater effect than a good apple on those who were proself compared to prosocial in Study 2.

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