scholarly journals Consequences Of Prefrontal TDCS On Inhibitory Control And Reactive Aggression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Weidler ◽  
Ute Habel ◽  
Paul Wallheinke ◽  
Lisa Wagels ◽  
Lena Hofhansel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Taylor Aggression Paradigm ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right

Abstract Increased aggression and impulsivity represent a key component of several psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorder, which is often associated with deficient prefrontal brain activation. Thus, innovative tools to increase cognitive control are highly warranted. The current study investigates the potential of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a tool to modulate cortical activation, to increase cognitive control in individuals with a high potential for impulsive and aggressive behavior. In a double-blind, sham-controlled study, we applied anodal tDCS over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in an all-male sample of alcohol dependent patients (AD), tobacco users (TU) and healthy controls (HC) who completed the Taylor Aggression Paradigm and Stop Signal Task twice. While there were no observable effects of tDCS in controls, results revealed altered aggressive behavior in AD following active stimulation. Specifically, these individuals did not show the standard increase in aggression over time seen in the other groups. Furthermore, improved response inhibition was found in AD and TU following active but not sham stimulation. Our study demonstrates that prefrontal tDCS improves our laboratory measure of impulse control in at-risk groups, illustrating the importance of sample characteristics such as nicotine intake and personality traits for understanding the effects of brain stimulation.

Using Bilateral tDCS to Modulate EEG Amplitude and Coherence of Men With Opioid Use Disorder Under Methadone Therapy: A Sham-controlled Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 155005942110221
Author(s):  
Hossein Mostafavi ◽  
Mohsen Dadashi ◽  
Alireza Faridi ◽  
Fatemeh Kazemzadeh ◽  
Zakaria Eskandari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Quantitative Eeg ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Theta Waves ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Right

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the effect of bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the electroencephalography (EEG) amplitude and coherence in male patients with opioid use disorder (OUD), who were under methadone therapy. It compares the effects of active versus sham tDCS. Methods. This is a double-blind sham-controlled clinical trial. Participants were 30 male patients with OUD; they were divided into 3 groups of left anode/right cathode tDCS, right anode/left cathode tDCS, and sham tDCS. Their brainwave activity was measured by quantitative EEG before study and then active groups underwent tDCS (2 mA, 20 min) applied over their right/left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for 10 consecutive days. After stimulation, they were re-assessed. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS, MATLAB, and NeuroGuide v.2 applications. Results. After active tDCS, a significant decrease in amplitude of slow brain waves (delta, theta, and alpha) in prefrontal, frontal, occipital, and parietal areas, and an increase in the coherence of beta, delta, and theta frequency bands in the parietal, central, and temporal regions of addicts were reported. In the sham group, there was a significant decrease in the amplitude of the alpha wave and in the coherence of delta and theta waves. Conclusion. The active tDCS over the right/left DLPFC, as a noninvasive and complementary treatment, can modulate the amplitude and coherence of brainwaves in patients with OUD.

scholarly journals Effect of tDCS over the Right Inferior Parietal Lobule on Mind-Wandering Propensity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Coulborn ◽  
Howard Bowman ◽  
Chris Miall ◽  
Davinia Fernández-Espejo
Keyword(s):  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
Response Task ◽  
Thought Probes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Subjective Reports

Mind-wandering is associated with switching our attention to internally directed thoughts and is by definition an intrinsic, self-generated cognitive function. Interestingly, previous research showed that it may be possible to modulate its propensity externally, with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting different regions in the default mode and executive control networks. However, these studies used highly heterogeneous montages (targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL), or both concurrently), often showed contradicting results, and in many cases failed to replicate. Our study aimed to establish whether tDCS of the default mode network, via targeting the right IPL alone, could modulate mind-wandering propensity using a within-subjects double-blind, counterbalanced design. Participants completed a sustained attention to response task (SART) interspersed with thought-probes to capture their subjective reports of mind-wandering before and after receiving anodal, cathodal, or sham tDCS over the right IPL (with the reference over the left cheek). We found evidence for the lack of an effect of stimulation on subjective reports of mind-wandering (JZS-BF01 = 5.19), as well as on performance on the SART task (errors (JZS-BF01 = 6.79) and reaction time (JZS-BF01 = 5.94). Overall, we failed to replicate previous reports of successful modulations of mind-wandering propensity with tDCS over the IPL, instead providing evidence in support of the lack of an effect. This, and other recent unsuccessful replications call into question whether it is indeed possible to externally modulate spontaneous or self-generated cognitive processes.

scholarly journals Repetitive TMS does not improve cognition in patients with TBI

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. e190-e199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iuri Santana Neville ◽  
Ana Luiza Zaninotto ◽  
Cintya Yukie Hayashi ◽  
Priscila Aparecida Rodrigues ◽  
Ricardo Galhardoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Left Dlpfc ◽  
Real Group ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Trail Making

ObjectiveTo determine whether high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves cognition in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.MethodsA single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of rTMS was conducted in patients aged 18–60 years with chronic (>12 months postinjury) diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Patients were randomized to either a sham or real group in a 1:1 ratio. A 10-session rTMS protocol was used with 10-Hz stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Neuropsychological assessments were performed at 3 time points: at baseline, after the 10th rTMS session, and 90 days after intervention. The primary outcome was change in executive function evaluated using the Trail Making Test Part B.ResultsThirty patients with chronic DAI met the study criteria. Between-group comparisons of performance on TMT Part B at baseline and after the 10th rTMS session did not differ between groups (p = 0.680 and p = 0.341, respectively). No significant differences were observed on other neuropsychological tests. No differences in adverse events between treatment groups were observed.ConclusionsCognitive function in individuals with chronic DAI is not improved by high-frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC, though it appears safe and well-tolerated in this population.ClinicalTrials.gov identifierNCT02167971.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class II evidence that for individuals with chronic DAI, high-frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC does not significantly improve cognition.

scholarly journals Dopamine D2 receptor stimulation modulates the balance between ignoring and updating according to baseline working memory ability

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1254-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean James Fallon ◽  
Annika Kienast ◽  
Kinan Muhammed ◽  
Yuen-siang Ang ◽  
Sanjay G Manohar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Response Conflict ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Dopamine Synthesis ◽  
Receptor Stimulation ◽  
Double Blind

Background: Working memory (WM) deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders have often been attributed to altered dopaminergic signalling. Specifically, D2 receptor stimulation is thought to affect the ease with which items can be gated into and out of WM. In addition, this effect has been hypothesised to vary according to baseline WM ability, a putative index of dopamine synthesis levels. Moreover, whether D2 stimulation affects WM vicariously through modulating relatively WM-free cognitive control processes has not been explored. Aims: We examined the effect of administering a dopamine agonist on the ability to ignore or update information in WM. Method: A single dose of cabergoline (1 mg) was administered to healthy older adult humans in a within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. In addition, we obtained measures of baseline WM ability and relatively WM-free cognitive control (overcoming response conflict). Results: Consistent with predictions, baseline WM ability significantly modulated the effect that drug administration had on the proficiency of ignoring and updating. High-WM individuals were relatively better at ignoring compared to updating after drug administration. Whereas the opposite occurred in low-WM individuals. Although the ability to overcome response conflict was not affected by cabergoline, a negative relationship between the effect the drug had on response conflict performance and ignoring was observed. Thus, both response conflict and ignoring are coupled to dopaminergic stimulation levels. Conclusions: Cumulatively, these results provide evidence that dopamine affects subcomponents of cognitive control in a diverse, antagonistic fashion and that the direction of these effects is dependent upon baseline WM.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder: a double-blind controlled investigation

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1645-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
PERMINDER S. SACHDEV ◽  
COLLEEN K. LOO ◽  
PHILIP B. MITCHELL ◽  
TARA F. McFARQUHAR ◽  
GIN S. MALHI
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo determine the efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in a double-blind placebo-controlled study.MethodSubjects with treatment-resistant OCD were randomized to rTMS (n=10) or sham rTMS (n=8) for 10 sessions of daily stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), with subjects and raters being blind to the treatment. Subjects were offered an open extension of up to 20 sessions of rTMS.ResultsThe two groups did not differ on change in Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) or Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory scores over 10 sessions, with or without correction for depression ratings. Over 20 sessions, there was a significant reduction in total YBOCS scores, but not after controlling for depression. rTMS over 20 sessions was well tolerated.ConclusionTwo weeks of rTMS over the left DLPFC is ineffective for treatment-resistant OCD.

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