scholarly journals Impact of exercise on older adults’ mood is moderated by sleep and mediated by altered brain connectivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1238-1251
Author(s):  
Alfonso J Alfini ◽  
Junyeon Won ◽  
Lauren R Weiss ◽  
Casandra C Nyhuis ◽  
Alexander J Shackman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Older adults comprise the fastest growing global demographic and are at increased risk of poor mental health outcomes. Although aerobic exercise and sleep are critical to the preservation of emotional well-being, few studies have examined their combined mood-enhancing effects, or the potential neural mechanisms underlying these effects. Here, we used a randomized crossover design to test the impact of acute exercise on mood and the intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of the cingulo-opercular network in physically healthy older adults. Wrist actigraphy provided objective indices of sleep. Results revealed that 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise acutely enhanced positive affect (PA) and reduced iFC between the cingulo-opercular network and the hippocampus. Both effects were magnified among older adults with greater sleep disturbance. Exercise-induced changes in hippocampal iFC mediated relations between sleep disturbance and exercise-induced increases in PA. These findings provide evidence that aerobic exercise enhances mood, that it does so by altering connectivity between the anterior insula—a key hub in the cingulo-opercular network—and the hippocampus and that lower sleep quality is a stronger predictor of these effects among older adults. These observations underscore the benefits of moderate-intensity exercise—a safe and scalable behavioral intervention—and provide new clues about the neural circuitry underlying the interactive effects of sleep and exercise on mood.

The impact of acute and chronic exercise on thrombosis in cardiovascular disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (03) ◽  
pp. 452-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxanne Pelletier ◽  
Kim L. Lavoie ◽  
Simon L. Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThere is now a large and impressive literature showing that people who engage in chronic aerobic exercise or who have better cardiovascular fitness levels, tend to live longer and have lower levels of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is a paradox, as acute aerobic exercise has been associated with an increased risk of CVD events. There are now a number of review articles suggesting that the differential benefits of chronic, relative to acute, exercise might be due to thrombotic changes, though the majority of this data is derived from healthy individuals. However, acute exercise is of greater concern and chronic exercise of greater benefit to patient populations. In addition, these higher risk groups tend to present with more complex profiles, e.g. they may be taking medications that influence thrombotic pathways. As such, the current review has focused on newer information relating to exercise, physical activity and thrombosis in patient populations, and highlights some of the growing area’s in the field. For example, the impact of warm-up exercise, the interaction of medications, and issues surrounding the optimal volume and intensity of exercise.

scholarly journals SLEEP IN LATE LIFE: RECENT RESEARCH ON PSYCHIATRIC CORRELATES AND TREATMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S44-S44
Author(s):  
Mary E Dozier
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Services And Supports ◽  
Sleep And Cognition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Sleep is an often overlooked health factor, particularly in older adults. Sleep disturbance is associated with increased functional impairment as well as poorer cognitive, mental, and physical health trajectories. Understanding the clinical impact of disturbed sleep, and the optimal targets for intervention, is critical for the promotion of health and well-being in older adults. This symposium will highlight recent findings that advance the extant knowledge on the interplay of sleep disturbance and physical and psychiatric co-morbidities in older adults across a variety of settings. Darina V. Petrovsky will discuss the impact of medical, demographic, and contextual factors on excessive daytime sleepiness in older adults receiving long-term services and supports. Kathi L. Heffner will present data on a recent study examining change in slow wave sleep, and subsequent change in osteoarthritis pain, following insomnia treatment. Courtney Bolstad will discuss the differential impact of onset, maintenance, and terminal insomnia on anxiety and depression symptoms in community-dwelling older adults. Eliza Davidson will present research on the association between sleep disturbance and hoarding symptoms in older adults engaged in behavioral interventions for hoarding disorder. Finally, Christina McCrae will discuss the relationship between sleep and cognition in older adults with insomnia.

Feasibility and Perception of the Impact From Aerobic Exercise in Older Adults With Alzheimer’s Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Yu ◽  
Ruth M. Swartwood
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
The Impact

Background: The subjective experience of participating in aerobic exercise is unknown in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the subjective perceptions of the feasibility and impact of a 6-month, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention by older adults with AD and their family caregivers. Methods: Ten older adults with AD who completed the intervention and their family caregivers participated in four focus group interviews. Results: Four converging themes were identified: “There was no perceived positive change in cognitive symptoms,” “The 6-month exercise program was socially rewarding,” “The 6-month exercise program increased physical strength,” and “Participation in aerobic exercise was a positive experience.” Family caregivers further identified two additional themes: “The exercise program led to improved attitude in older adults with AD” and “The exercise program reduced caregiver stress.” Discussion: Aerobic exercise is a feasible and well-perceived intervention for older adults with AD and their family caregivers.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF FOOD INSECURITY ON THE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF OLDER ADULTS: THE GROUPS MOST AT RISK

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S738-S738
Author(s):  
Lauren E Popham ◽  
Erin McGovern
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
National Council ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nutrition Assistance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Older adults who experience food insecurity (4.6 million) often have worse health outcomes. Food insecure older adults consume less nutrients, which puts them at greater risk of developing chronic diseases. They are at increased risk of falls due the impact of poor nutrition on muscle mass, bone density, and balance. Low-income older adults are often forced to choose between buying groceries and paying other bills. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) plays an important role in reducing food insecurity. SNAP enables older adults to buy the nutritious food they need, while freeing up resources to pay for everyday things to meet their health needs such as prescription drugs. Research shows that medication adherence increases when low-income older adults enroll in SNAP. Despite the beneficial impact of enrolling in SNAP, it’s estimated that 55% of eligible adults age 60 and older are not participating in this critical program. To understand which older adults are missing out on SNAP, the National Council on Aging engaged researchers at Leading Age LTSS Center at UMass Boston to analyze data from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study. The results show that some of the most vulnerable older adult populations are less likely to participate in SNAP even though they are eligible (i.e., Hispanic, age 75 and older, those who are not utilizing healthcare, etc.). The findings suggest that more targeted outreach to these groups is needed to ensure that the most vulnerable populations of older adults access this critical benefit.

scholarly journals Health and Aging Disparities Among Latin American Older Adults: Findings From Studies in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 593-593
Author(s):  
Margarita Osuna
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Aging in Latin America is occurring rapidly, in a context of high levels of poverty and inequality. This symposium is focused on population health and the heath-disparities found in some of Latin America’s largest middle-income countries, Mexico, Brazil, and Colombia. This symposium contains presentations on different health-related issues affecting older adults, which can have further implications for wellbeing, health, and disease risk. The papers in this symposium examine a variety of health-related dimensions and disparities among older Latinos that include physiological functioning, cognition, and oral health. Using the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), Sheehan investigates the associations between personal and familial educational attainment on sleep quality. Also using MHAS, Milani. Using data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging, Farina examines the relationship between race and cognition. Garcia uses data from the Colombian Survey of Health, Well-Being, and Aging to study the relationship between Motor Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCRS) and cognition and frailty. Using the same dataset, Osuna examines variation in oral health in Colombian older adults and the impact this has on their wellbeing. Results indicate which population subgroups in Latin American have increased risk for poorer health and which dimensions of health have gender, race and socioeconomic disparities. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the conditions under which Latin American older adults are aging and the implications this can have in the future.

scholarly journals Dementia Risk and Dynamic Response to Exercise: Methodology for an Acute Exericise Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dreu White ◽  
Casey S John ◽  
Ashley Kucera ◽  
Bryce Truver ◽  
Rebecca J Lepping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Exercise Response ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

Background: Exercise likely has numerous, meaningful benefits for brain and cognition. However, those benefits and their causes remain imprecisely defined, especially in the context of cognitive disorders associated with aging, such as Alzheimer disease (AD). If the brain does benefit from exercise it does so primarily through exposure to brief, acute exposures to exercise over a lifetime. Methods: The Dementia Risk and Dynamic Response to Exercise (DYNAMIC) clinical trial seeks to characterize the acute exercise response in cerebral perfusion, and circulating neurotrophic factors in older adults with and without the apolipoprotein e4 genotype (APOE4), the strongest genetic predictor or sporadic, late onset AD. DYNAMIC will enroll 60 older adults into a single moderate intensity bout of exercise intervention. We will measure pre- and post-exercise cerebral blood flow using arterial spin labeling, and neurotrophic factors. We expect that APOE4 carriers will have poor CBF regulation, i.e. slower return to baseline perfusion after exercise, and will demonstrate blunted neurotrophic response to exercise, with concentrations of neurotrophic factors positively correlating with CBF regulation. If exercise-induced changes in perfusion and circulating factors can be detected, DYNAMIC will contribute to our understanding of exercise-induced brain change and potential biomarker outcomes of exercise interventions. Results: Preliminary proof-of-concept findings on 7 older adults and 9 younger adults. We have found that this experimental method can capture CBF and neurotrophic response over a time course, and best practices following exercise. Conclusions: This methodology will provide important insight into acute exercise response and potential directions for clinical trial outcomes. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04009629

Aerobic Exercise in Pregnancy: An Update

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Wolfe ◽  
Michelle F. Mottola
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Maternal Metabolism ◽  
Base Balance

The endocrine effects of pregnancy cause striking changes in maternal metabolism, cardiovascular regulation, acid-base balance, and thermoregulation at rest and during standard submaximal exercise. The apparent purpose of these changes is to accommodate fetal needs in addition to those of the exercising woman. A significant body of evidence supports the hypothesis that healthy women can perform acute exercise of moderate intensity and duration without jeopardizing fetal well-being. Compiled studies also suggest that maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text], L∙min−1) and the work rate at the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) are not significantly altered during the course of a normal pregnancy. However, some evidence suggests that maximal anaerobic power may be reduced. More information is needed on maternal cardiorespiratory function, carbohydrate metabolism, and acid-base balance at exercise intensities above OBLA and on fetal adaptability to strenuous maternal exercise. Recent studies support the view that moderate fitness conditioning can augment maternal metabolic and cardiopulmonary capacities without altering fetal development or pregnancy outcome. Implications of recent scientific studies for the design of aerobic exercise programs for pregnant women are discussed. Key words: maternal physiology, fetal well-being, physical conditioning, exercise guidelines

scholarly journals Effects of Caffeine and Acute Aerobic Exercise on Working Memory and Caffeine Withdrawal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisa Morava ◽  
Matthew James Fagan ◽  
Harry Prapavessis
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Caffeine Withdrawal ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Cognitive Benefits

AbstractStudies show that a single bout of exercise confers cognitive benefits. However, many individuals use psychoactive substances such as caffeine to enhance cognitive performance. The effects of acute exercise in comparison to caffeine on cognition remain unknown. Furthermore, caffeine use is associated with withdrawal symptoms upon cessation. Whether acute exercise can reduce withdrawal symptoms also remains unknown. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of acute moderate intensity aerobic exercise to caffeine on working memory (WM) and caffeine withdrawal symptoms (CWS). In Phase I, non-caffeine (n = 29) and caffeine consumers (n = 30) completed a WM assessment, followed by acute exercise and caffeine. In Phase II, caffeine consumers (n = 25) from Phase I underwent the WM assessment and reported CWS following a 12-hour deprivation period. Acute moderate intensity aerobic exercise and caffeine (1.2 mg/kg) significantly improved WM accuracy and reduced CWS comparably. WM performance was not reduced following caffeine deprivation.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on the well-being and cognition of older adults living in the United States and Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 100848
Author(s):  
Ganesh M. Babulal ◽  
Valeria L. Torres ◽  
Daisy Acosta ◽  
Cinthya Agüero ◽  
Sara Aguilar-Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Association of self-perceived income sufficiency with cognitive impairment among older adults: a population-based study in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Muhammad ◽  
Shobhit Srivastava ◽  
T. V. Sekher
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Asset Ownership ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Greater cognitive performance has been shown to be associated with better mental and physical health and lower mortality. The present study contributes to the existing literature on the linkages of self-perceived income sufficiency and cognitive impairment. Study also provides additional insights on other socioeconomic and health-related variables that are associated with cognitive impairment in older ages. Methods Data for this study is derived from the 'Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India'. The final sample size for the analysis after removing missing cases was 9176 older adults. Descriptive along with bivariate analyses were presented to show the plausible associations of cognitive impairment with potential risk factors using the chi-square test. Also, binary logistic regression analysis was performed to provide the relationship between cognitive impairment and risk factors. The software used was STATA 14. Results About 43% of older adults reported that they had no source of income and 7.2% had income but not sufficient to fulfil their basic needs. Older adults with income but partially sufficient to fulfil their basic needs had 39% significantly higher likelihood to suffer from cognitive impairment than older adults who had sufficient income [OR: 1.39; OR: 1.21–1.59]. Likelihood of cognitive impairment was low among older adults with asset ownership than older adults with no asset ownership [OR: 0.83; CI: 0.72–0.95]. Again, older adults who work by compulsion (73.3%) or felt mental or physical stress due to work (57.6%) had highest percentage of cognitive impairment. Moreover, older adults with poor self-rated health, low instrumental activities of daily living, low activities of daily living, low subjective well-being and low psychological health were at increased risk for cognitive impairment. Conclusion The study highlights the pressing need for care and support and especially financial incentives in the old age to preserve cognitive health. Further, while planning geriatric health care for older adults in India, priority must be given to financially backward, with no asset ownership, with poor health status, older-older, widowed, and illiterate older individuals, as they are more vulnerable to cognitive impairment.

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