scholarly journals Concordance in parent and offspring cortico-basal ganglia white matter connectivity varies by parental history of major depressive disorder and early parental care

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 889-903
Author(s):  
Eyal Abraham ◽  
Jonathan Posner ◽  
Priya J Wickramaratne ◽  
Natalie Aw ◽  
Milenna T van Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Parental History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depressed Parent

Abstract Social behavior is transmitted cross-generationally through coordinated behavior within attachment bonds. Parental depression and poor parental care are major risks for disruptions of such coordination and are associated with offspring’s psychopathology and interpersonal dysfunction. Given the key role of the cortico-basal ganglia (CBG) circuits in social communication, we examined similarities (concordance) of parent–offspring CBG white matter (WM) connections and how parental history of major depressive disorder (MDD) and early parental care moderate these similarities. We imaged 44 parent–offspring dyads and investigated WM connections between basal-ganglia seeds and selected regions in temporal cortex using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography. We found significant concordance in parent–offspring strength of CBG WM connections, moderated by parental lifetime-MDD and care. The results showed diminished neural concordance among dyads with a depressed parent and that better parental care predicted greater concordance, which also provided a protective buffer against attenuated concordance among dyads with a depressed parent. Our findings provide the first neurobiological evidence of concordance between parents-offspring in WM tracts and that concordance is diminished in families where parents have lifetime-MDD. This disruption may be a risk factor for intergenerational transmission of psychopathology. Findings emphasize the long-term role of early caregiving in shaping the neural concordance among at-risk and affected dyads.

scholarly journals The role of blame-related action tendencies in the vulnerability to major depressive disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suqian Duan ◽  
Andrew Lawrence ◽  
Lucia Valmaggia ◽  
Jorge Moll ◽  
Roland Zahn
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Cognitive Markers ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Action Tendencies

AbstractBackgroundPersisting self-blaming emotional biases were previously associated with vulnerability to major depressive disorder (MDD). More specifically self-contempt/disgust biases distinguished remitted MDD, compared with never-depressed control participants. The contribution of action tendencies to MDD vulnerability and their relationship with blame-related emotions to prepare for subsequent behaviour is elusive. Here, we investigated whether maladaptive action tendencies such as “creating a distance from oneself” and “hiding” are associated with MDD vulnerability, as well as with self-disgust/contempt and shame respectively.Methods76 participants with medication-free remitted MDD and 44 healthy control (HC) participants without a personal or family history of MDD completed the value-related moral sentiment task, which measured their blame-related emotions during hypothetical social interactions and a novel task to assess their blame-related action tendencies.ResultsAs predicted, the MDD group exhibited a higher proneness to feeling like hiding and creating a distance from themselves compared with the HC group. Interestingly, apologising for one’s wrongdoing, was associated with all self-blaming emotions including shame, guilt, self-contempt/disgust and self-indignation, but was more common in HC. In contrast, apologising and perceiving to be in control of one’s friend’s wrongdoings were more common in MDD. Although shame was indeed associated with hiding, this was also true of guilt. Self-disgust/contempt was associated with attacking rather than creating a distance from oneself.ConclusionsMDD vulnerability was associated with specific maladaptive action tendencies which were not clearly predicted by the type of emotion, thus unveiling novel cognitive markers and neurocognitive treatment targets.General Scientific summaryThis study confirmed the hypothesis that specific maladaptive action tendencies related to self-blame, such as feeling like hiding and feeling like creating a distance from oneself, were distinctive of people with major depressive disorder, even on remission of symptoms. These action tendencies were not clearly predicted by the type of emotion experienced, showing the importance of assessing them directly. This calls for novel psychological and neurocognitive treatments specifically aiming at maladaptive action tendencies which have so far not been directly addressed in standard assessments and treatments.

Differences in the Clinical Profile of Adolescents and Young Adults with Major Depressive Disorder Across Parental History Groups

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Gillies
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Maternal History ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
History Of ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
History Of Depression

An important causal factor of depression is family history ¾ there is compelling evidence that Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is familial. Although the connection between a maternal history of depression and offspring risk is well established, paternal history has been largely ignored in research thus far. The first goal of this study is to examine differences in the clinical profile of MDD across parental depression history groups (i.e., both-parent history versus maternal history only versus paternal history only versus no parental history).  Based on previous findings, I predict that the severity of the clinical course of MDD (as operationalized by a higher severity of depression and anxiety symptoms, an increased likelihood of recurrence, and a greater likelihood of a comorbid anxiety disorder) will be highest for offspring with a both-parent history of depression, followed by those with a maternal history only, followed by individuals with a paternal history only, and lastly by offspring with no parental history of depression. The second goal is to determine if the group differences hypothesized above are further moderated by offspring sex. To date, very little is known about how parental history influences the clinical presentation of MDD in depressed offspring. This study will contribute to a limited body of research, and is unique in that it will include four parental history groups as well as offspring sex in its analyses. The study will use a quasi-archival sample of approximately 250 participants between 12 and 29 years of age, who have been diagnosed with MDD.

scholarly journals Associations of current and remitted major depressive disorder with brain atrophy: the AGES–Reykjavik Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Geerlings ◽  
S. Sigurdsson ◽  
G. Eiriksdottir ◽  
M. E. Garcia ◽  
T. B. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundTo examine whether lifetime DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD), including age at onset and number of episodes, is associated with brain atrophy in older persons without dementia.MethodWithin the population-based Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)–Reykjavik Study, 4354 persons (mean age 76 ± 5 years, 58% women) without dementia had a 1.5-T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Automated brain segmentation total and regional brain volumes were calculated. History of MDD, including age at onset and number of episodes, and MDD in the past 2 weeks was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).ResultsOf the total sample, 4.5% reported a lifetime history of MDD; 1.5% had a current diagnosis of MDD (including 75% with a prior history of depression) and 3.0% had a past but no current diagnosis (remission). After adjusting for multiple covariates, compared to participants never depressed, those with current MDD (irrespective of past) had more global brain atrophy [B = –1.25%, 95% confidence interval (CI) −2.05 to −0.44], including more gray- and white-matter atrophy in most lobes, and also more atrophy of the hippocampus and thalamus. Participants with current, first-onset MDD also had more brain atrophy (B = –1.62%, 95% CI −3.30 to 0.05) whereas those remitted did not (B = 0.06%, 95% CI −0.54 to 0.66).ConclusionsIn older persons without dementia, current MDD, irrespective of prior history, but not remitted MDD was associated with widespread gray- and white-matter brain atrophy. Prospective studies should examine whether MDD is a consequence of, or contributes to, brain volume loss and development of dementia.

Depression – Let’s Talk - Role of Aashwasan Chikitsa

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Vishal Naik ◽  
Prachi Datta Dalvi U.
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Suicidal Tendency ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Curative Therapy ◽  
Personal Interaction

The WHO theme for the year 2017 is Depression. Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how a person feels, thinks and behaves. Psychotherapy if incorporated along with medications can be of substantial help in depression. It is also called ‘talking therapy’ and is based on personal interaction with the patient. Patients suffering from this disorder do not easily accept it and hence do not feel the need to seek medical intervention or counselling. In this process the symptoms might get aggravated and suicidal tendency (which is the worst effect of this disease) may develop. So it is extremely essential for the patient, family and society to accept, talk, discuss and seek treatment for this disease. This ‘talking therapy’ is of utmost importance in today’s life where concept of privacy is taking its toll. This therapy is mentioned in Ayurveda as Aashwasan Chikitsa. Aashwasan Chikitsa consists of good, pleasing and benevolent thoughts, spiritual ideas, positive attitude, ethics and communication with near ones. So in the treatment of psychological disorders, along with medications counselling therapy plays a very important role. Finally counselling can act as a part of preventive, curative therapy and also aids to avoid recurrence in the patients of depression.

scholarly journals The Role of Dynorphin and the Kappa Opioid Receptor in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder: A Translational Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel David Clark
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Kappa Opioid Receptor ◽  
Kappa Opioid ◽  
Major Depressive

AbstractThe kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and its endogenous ligands dynorphins (DYN) have been implicated in the development or symptomatology of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. This review covers a brief history of the development of KOR agonists and antagonists, their effects in healthy volunteers, and the potential role of DYN/KOR dysfunction in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder from a translational perspective. The potential role of DYN/KOR dysfunction in schizophrenia is based on several lines of evidence. Selective KOR agonists induce affective states in healthy volunteers with similarities to the symptoms of schizophrenia. Studies have shown increased DYN in patients with schizophrenia, although the data have been mixed. Finally, meta-analytic data have shown that opioid antagonists are associated with reductions in the symptoms of schizophrenia. The potential role of DYN/KOR dysfunction in major depressive disorder is also based on a combination of preclinical and clinical data. Selective KOR agonists have shown pro-depressive effects in human volunteers, while selective KOR antagonists have shown robust efficacy in several preclinical models of antidepressant activity. Small studies have shown that nonselective KOR antagonists may have efficacy in treatment-resistant depression. Additionally, recent clinical data have shown that the KOR may be an effective target for treating anhedonia, a finding relevant to both schizophrenia and depression. Finally, recommendations are provided for translating preclinical models for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder into the clinic.

Major Depressive Disorder With Anger Attacks and Subcortical MRI White Matter Hyperintensities

2007 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan V. Iosifescu ◽  
Perry F. Renshaw ◽  
Darin D. Dougherty ◽  
In Kyoon Lyoo ◽  
Ho Kyu Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Anger Attacks

scholarly journals The shared role of oxidative stress and inflammation in major depressive disorder and nicotine dependence

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1336-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes ◽  
Heber Odebrecht Vargas ◽  
Eduardo Prado ◽  
Decio Sabbatini Barbosa ◽  
Luiz Picoli de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Major Depressive

scholarly journals Cortico-Cortical White Matter Motor Pathway Microstructure Is Related to Psychomotor Retardation in Major Depressive Disorder

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e52238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Bracht ◽  
Andrea Federspiel ◽  
Susanne Schnell ◽  
Helge Horn ◽  
Oliver Höfle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Motor Pathway
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