scholarly journals The N170 event-related potential differentiates congruent and incongruent gaze responses in gaze leading

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-486
Author(s):  
Lisa J Stephenson ◽  
S Gareth Edwards ◽  
Natacha M Luri ◽  
Louis Renoult ◽  
Andrew P Bayliss
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Joint Attention ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Gaze Shift ◽  
Face Stimuli ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
First Time ◽  
Relevant Experiment ◽  
And Task

Abstract To facilitate social interactions, humans need to process the responses that other people make to their actions, including eye movements that could establish joint attention. Here, we investigated the neurophysiological correlates of the processing of observed gaze responses following the participants’ own eye movement. These observed gaze responses could either establish, or fail to establish, joint attention. We implemented a gaze leading paradigm in which participants made a saccade from an on-screen face to an object, followed by the on-screen face either making a congruent or incongruent gaze shift. An N170 event-related potential was elicited by the peripherally located gaze shift stimulus. Critically, the N170 was greater for joint attention than non-joint gaze both when task-irrelevant (Experiment 1) and task-relevant (Experiment 2). These data suggest for the first time that the neurocognitive system responsible for structural encoding of face stimuli is affected by the establishment of participant-initiated joint attention.

Contextual and social cues may dominate natural visual search

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Henriksson ◽  
Riitta Hari
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Search Behavior ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
And Task

AbstractA framework where only the size of the functional visual field of fixations can vary is hardly able to explain natural visual-search behavior. In real-world search tasks, context guides eye movements, and task-irrelevant social stimuli may capture the gaze.

scholarly journals Oculomotor capture by stimuli that signal the availability of reward

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 2316-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Failing ◽  
Tom Nissens ◽  
Daniel Pearson ◽  
Mike Le Pelley ◽  
Jan Theeuwes
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Oculomotor Capture ◽  
Task Relevance ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
High Reward ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
And Task

It is well known that eye movement patterns are influenced by both goal- and salience-driven factors. Recent studies, however, have demonstrated that objects that are nonsalient and task irrelevant can still capture our eyes if moving our eyes to those objects has previously produced reward. Here we demonstrate that training such an association between eye movements to an object and delivery of reward is not needed. Instead, an object that merely signals the availability of reward captures the eyes even when it is physically nonsalient and never relevant for the task. Furthermore, we show that oculomotor capture by reward is more reliably observed in saccades with short latencies. We conclude that a stimulus signaling high reward has the ability to capture the eyes independently of bottom-up physical salience or top-down task relevance and that the effect of reward affects early selection processes.

scholarly journals Investigating facilitatory versus inhibitory effects of dynamic social and non-social cues on attention in a realistic space

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha E. A. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Eye Contact ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Gaze Shift ◽  
Dynamic Stimuli ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Task

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the facilitatory versus inhibitory effects of dynamic non-predictive central cues presented in a realistic environment. Realistic human-avatars initiated eye contact and then dynamically looked to the left, right or centre of a table. A moving stick served as a non-social control cue and participants localised (Experiment 1) or discriminated (Experiment 2) a contextually relevant target (teapot/teacup). The cues movement took 500 ms and stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA, 150 ms/300 ms/500 ms/1000 ms) were measured from movement initiation. Similar cuing effects were seen for the social avatar and non-social stick cue across tasks. Results showed facilitatory processes without inhibition, though there was some variation by SOA and task. This is the first time facilitatory versus inhibitory processes have been directly investigated where eye contact is initiated prior to gaze shift. These dynamic stimuli allow a better understanding of how attention might be cued in more realistic environments.

scholarly journals Social and non-social cuing of attention in a realistic space.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Eye Contact ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Gaze Shift ◽  
Dynamic Stimuli ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Time ◽  
Central Cues ◽  
And Task

This study aimed to investigate the facilitatory versus inhibitory effects of dynamic non-predictive central cues presented in a realistic environment. Realistic human-avatars initiated eye contact and then dynamically looked to the left, right or centre of a table. A moving stick served as a non-social control cue and participants localised (Experiment 1) or discriminated (Experiment 2) a contextually relevant target (teapot/ teacup). The cues movement took 500ms and stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA, 150ms/ 300ms/ 500ms/ 1000ms) were measured from movement initiation. Similar cuing effects were seen for the social avatar and non-social stick cue across tasks. Results showed facilitatory processes without inhibition, though there was some variation by SOA and task. This is the first time facilitatory versus inhibitory processes have been directly investigated where eye contact is initiated prior to gaze shift. These dynamic stimuli allow a better understanding of how attention might be cued in more realistic environments.

Response-Specific Scalp Distributions in Deception Detection and ERP Correlates of Psychopathic Personality Traits

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette R. Miller ◽  
J. Peter Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Deception Detection ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
P300 Component ◽  
Psychopathic Personality Inventory ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
First Time

Abstract University students were screened using items from the Psychopathic Personality Inventory and divided into high (n = 13) and low (n = 11) Psychopathic Personality Trait (PPT) groups. The P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP) was recorded as each group completed a two-block autobiographical oddball task, responding honestly during the first (Phone) block, in which oddball items were participants' home phone numbers, and then feigning amnesia in response to approximately 50% of items in the second (Birthday) block in which oddball items were participants' birthdates. Bootstrapping of peak-to-peak amplitudes correctly identified 100% of low PPT and 92% of high PPT participants as having intact recognition. Both groups demonstrated malingering-related P300 amplitude reduction. For the first time, P300 amplitude and topography differences were observed between honest and deceptive responses to Birthday items. No main between-group P300 effects resulted. Post-hoc analysis revealed between-group differences in a frontally located post-P300 component. Honest responses were associated with late frontal amplitudes larger than deceptive responses at frontal sites in the low PPT group only.

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