scholarly journals Affective brain patterns as multivariate neural correlates of cardiovascular disease risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1034-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J Gianaros ◽  
Thomas E Kraynak ◽  
Dora C-H Kuan ◽  
James J Gross ◽  
Kateri McRae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Affective Stimuli

Abstract This study tested whether brain activity patterns evoked by affective stimuli relate to individual differences in an indicator of pre-clinical atherosclerosis: carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT). Adults (aged 30–54 years) completed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) tasks that involved viewing three sets of affective stimuli. Two sets included facial expressions of emotion, and one set included neutral and unpleasant images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Cross-validated, multivariate and machine learning models showed that individual differences in CA-IMT were partially predicted by brain activity patterns evoked by unpleasant IAPS images, even after accounting for age, sex and known cardiovascular disease risk factors. CA-IMT was also predicted by brain activity patterns evoked by angry and fearful faces from one of the two stimulus sets of facial expressions, but this predictive association did not persist after accounting for known cardiovascular risk factors. The reliability (internal consistency) of brain activity patterns evoked by affective stimuli may have constrained their prediction of CA-IMT. Distributed brain activity patterns could comprise affective neural correlates of pre-clinical atherosclerosis; however, the interpretation of such correlates may depend on their psychometric properties, as well as the influence of other cardiovascular risk factors and specific affective cues.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: How Relevant in African Men With Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen-Deprivation Therapy?

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Okon Ekwere Essien ◽  
Iya Eze Bassey ◽  
Rebecca Mtaku Gali ◽  
Alphonsus Ekpe Udoh ◽  
Uwem Okon Akpan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Purpose Cardiovascular disease risk factors have been associated with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in white and Hispanic populations. It is therefore relevant to determine if there exists a relationship between these parameters in the African population. Patients and Methods The design of the study was cross sectional. Prostate-specific antigen concentration, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, glucose level, and insulin level were determined in 153 patients with prostate cancer and 80 controls. The patients with prostate cancer were divided into subgroups of treatment-naïve patients and those receiving ADT. Results Mean total cholesterol ( P = .010), LDL cholesterol ( P = .021), BMI ( P = .001), and waist circumference ( P = .029) values were significantly higher in patients treated with ADT when compared with treatment-naïve patients. In patients treated with ADT for up to 1 year, only mean BMI was significantly higher than in treatment-naïve patients, whereas those treated with ADT for more than 1 year had significantly higher mean BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol values when compared with treatment-naïve patients. There were no significant differences in insulin or glucose levels. Those undergoing hormone manipulation after orchiectomy had fewer cardiovascular risk factors compared with those undergoing hormone manipulation alone. Conclusion This study shows that ADT results in elevated total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, BMI, and waist circumference values, all of which are risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Screening for cardiovascular risk factors should be included in treatment plans for patients with prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Associations of Pregnancy Complications With Calculated Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Middle Age

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (11) ◽  
pp. 1367-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
Scott M. Nelson ◽  
Corrie Macdonald-Wallis ◽  
Lynne Cherry ◽  
Elaine Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk

scholarly journals Malnutrition and cardiovascular risk in haemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iziane da Silva ANDRADE ◽  
Carla de Magalhães CUNHA ◽  
Beatriz Passos de BRITO ◽  
Fabiana Chagas Oliveira de FRANÇA ◽  
Lucivalda Pereira Magalhães de OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Former Smokers

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the association between nutritional status and traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors in haemodialysis patients. Methods A cross-sectional study with 132 patients over 18 years of age on haemodialysis to evaluate nutritional status through Subjective Global Assessment. Information on traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors were obtained using a structured questionnaire; the Framingham score was also used to assess cardiovascular risk. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square Test or Fischer Exact Test and a Log-binomial Regression Model. Results Malnutrition affected 31.1% of patients. Among them, a higher percentage of smokers (p=0.016), former smokers (p=0.034) and diabetes Mellitus patients (p=0.001) were detected. Malnutrition was found to be 4.53 times more prevalent in diabetic individuals (95%CI: 1.99-10.27) and 2.26 times more prevalent among former smokers (95%CI: 1.04-4.95). Malnourished individuals exhibited a 4.03 times prevalence of moderate to severe cardiovascular risk. Conclusion A high prevalence of malnutrition and of other risk factors for cardiovascular disease were observed. Such factors included diabetes Mellitus, smoking and former smoker conditions and were associated with malnutrition. Inaddition, it was found that malnourished individuals were more likely to develop cardiovascular disease within 10 years.

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