Open-source hardware and software and web application for gamma dose rate network operation

2014 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Luff ◽  
M. Zahringer ◽  
W. Harms ◽  
M. Bleher ◽  
B. Prommer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
Gamma Dose Rate ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
Open Source Hardware

scholarly journals Inter-calibration of gamma dose rate detectors on the European scale

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Stöhlker ◽  
M. Bleher ◽  
T. Szegvary ◽  
F. Conen
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
Gamma Dose Rate

Primary Shielding Design for an Optimized Molten Salt Reactor

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihong Zhang ◽  
Xiaobin Xia ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Changyuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Gamma Dose Rate ◽  
Molten Salt Reactor ◽  
Thermal Shield ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
The Core ◽  
Shielding Design

Molten salt reactor (MSR) system, a candidate of the Generation IV reactors, has inherent safety, on-line refueling and good neutron economy as typical advantages. An optimized MSR is developed by changing the size of fuel channel and the graphite-to-molten salt volume radio, based on the Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE), which was originally developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). In this paper, shielding calculations for the optimized MSR are presented. The goal of this study is to determine the necessary shielding to decrease the neutron and gamma dose rate to the acceptable level according to national regulations. The operating temperature of the optimized MSR is designed in the range of 500 °C–700 °C, heat removal is also considered in the shielding design. The shielding calculations are carried out by using Monte Carlo method. The shielding system of the optimized MSR consists of 7 zones: the core, the core can, the reactor vessel, the thermal shield, the reactor cell containment, the shield tank and the concrete wall. The combinations of shielding materials in the thermal shield were evaluated. The thermal shield filled with carbon steel balls and circulating water gets an excellent shielding performance and heat removing effects. The neutron spectra and dose distributions, as well as the energy deposition over different shields have been analyzed. The total neutron dose rate outside the thermal shield is attenuated by a factor of about 104, and the gamma dose rate by a factor of about 103. These results show that the shielding design could low dose rate to an acceptable level outside the shielding and far below dose limit required.

Harmonized radon data in the European Atlas of Natural Radiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Cinelli ◽  
Peter Bossew ◽  
Marc De Cort ◽  
Valeria Gruber ◽  
Tore Tollefsen
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Gamma Dose Rate ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Natural Radiation ◽  
Natural Sources

<p>As the scientific and knowledge service of the European Commission, the mission of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) is to support EU policies with independent evidence throughout the whole policy cycle. In particular, the JRC provides this support to the Directorate General for Energy by collecting, evaluating and reporting artificial environmental radioactivity measurements both for routine (REM database) and emergency preparedness (European Radiological Data Exchange Platform) purposes.<br>However, with the exception of potential large scale nuclear accidents, natural ionizing radiation is the largest contributor to the collective effective dose received by the world population. To gain a clearer overview of the natural sources of radioactivity, the JRC launched the European Atlas of Natural Radiation with the aim to provide insight into geographical variability of exposure components and their relative importance for total exposure to ionizing radiation.</p><p>The Atlas presents contributions from 100 experts in various fields, from 60 institutions such as universities, research centres, national and European authorities, and international organizations. In the first place, this Atlas aims to provide reference values and generate harmonised data for the scientific community and national competent authorities. It also offers an opportunity to the public to become familiar with the radioactive part of its natural environment. Intended as an encyclopaedia on natural radioactivity, the Atlas explains its different sources, i.e. cosmic and terrestrial radiation, and describes the current state-of-the art of knowledge by means of text, graphics and maps.</p><p>Being responsible for half of the natural dose, particular attention has been given to indoor radon, of which over one million measurements of long-term indoor radon concentration in ground-floor rooms of dwellings from 36 European countries were collected and aggregated as means within 10 km × 10 km grid cells. The updated version of the European Indoor Radon Map (December 2020) will be presented as well as the statistical analysis of the input data.</p><p>Geogenic Radon Potential and Geogenic Radon Hazard Index quantify the contribution of geogenic to indoor radon and are constructed using geogenic quantities, such as uranium concentrations in the ground, geology, soil permeability, soil radon concentration and terrestrial gamma dose rate.<br>Therefore, it was decided to focus the Atlas on the development of maps that display natural sources of radiation and also serve as quantities which predict geogenic radon. Maps of uranium, thorium and potassium concentrations in soil, covering most European countries, were created, while maps of uranium, thorium and potassium concentrations in bedrock are only available for some countries. A methodology for estimating the terrestrial gamma dose rate (based on ambient dose equivalent rate measurements) has been established, while the European terrestrial gamma dose rate map has been created using uranium, thorium and potassium concentration in soil. The practical use of the maps of the Atlas as geogenic quantities will be illustrated through different examples of scientific studies.</p><p>The Atlas is available in digital format and can be ordered as a printed version at https://remon.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ .</p><p> </p>

An Open-Sourced Web Application for Aerial Applicators to Avoid Spray Drift Caused by Temperature Inversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Yanbo Huang ◽  
D. K. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
List Type ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Open Source Hardware

HighlightsA web application for guiding data calculated from distributed weather data through open-source cloud service.A design scheme of portable weather stations built from inexpensive open-source electronics.Integration of open-source hardware and software for online guiding data to avoid drift caused by temperature inversion.Abstract. It is important for agricultural chemical applicators to follow proper spray procedures to prevent susceptible crops, animals, people, or other living organisms from being injured far downwind. Spraying during stable atmospheric conditions should be avoided to prevent surface-temperature inversion-induced off-target drift of crop protection materials. Previous statistical analysis determined times of high likelihood of stable atmospheric conditions, which are unfavorable for spraying, during the day under clear and cloudy conditions in hot summer months in the Mississippi Delta. Results validated the thresholds of temperature increase in the morning and temperature drop in the afternoon with wind speeds and the transition between stable and unstable atmospheric conditions. With this information, an algorithm was developed to calculate if atmospheric conditions were favorable for spraying based on field temperature and wind speed at any instant. With this algorithm, a web application was built to provide real-time determination of atmospheric stability and hourly online recommendation of whether aerial applications were appropriate for a location and time in the Mississippi Delta. This study further developed another web application specifically for Stoneville, Mississippi, with data measured from weather stations constructed from inexpensive open-source electronics, accessories, and software for more accurate online guidance for site-specific drift management. The web application is adapted for accessing on mobile terminals, such as smartphones and tablets, and provides timely guidance for aerial applicators and producers to avoid spray drift and air quality issues long distances downwind in the area. Keywords: Open-source hardware, Open-source software, Spray drift, Temperature inversion, Web application.

ASSESSMENT OF RADON AND THORON EXHALATION FROM SOILS AND DISSOLVED RADON IN GROUND WATER IN THE VICINITY OF ELEVATED GRANITIC HILL, CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
C G Poojitha ◽  
B K Sahoo ◽  
K E Ganesh ◽  
T S Pranesha ◽  
B K Sapra
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
Gamma Dose Rate ◽  
Exhalation Rate ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Activity Measurements

Abstract In this paper, we intend to evaluate the rate of radon and thoron exhalation from soil with reference to the underlying bedrock and gamma dose rate in the environment of elevated granitic hill—Nandi hills of Karnataka. The measurement of exhalation rates for all the soil samples collected from study area was carried out using a continuous radon–thoron monitor (Smart RnDuo monitor). The surface exhalation rate of thoron from soil samples were found to vary from 4160 ± 326 to 21 822 ± 634 mBq m−2 s−1. The mass exhalation rate of radon from soil samples were found to vary from 76 ± 6 to 269 ± 19 mBq kg−1 h−1. Concentrations of radon activity measurements were carried out for all the groundwater samples from study area. A detailed analysis along with physicochemical parameters of water has been made and discussed in this research paper.

scholarly journals Biological effectiveness of very high gamma dose rate and its implication for radiological protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-460
Author(s):  
Dante Olofsson ◽  
Lei Cheng ◽  
Rubén Barrios Fernández ◽  
Magdalena Płódowska ◽  
Milagrosa López Riego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
Gamma Dose Rate ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
High Gamma ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Very High
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