TOWARDS NATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS FOR MAMMOGRAPHY IN SERBIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 191 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-486
Author(s):  
S Rafajlovic ◽  
O Ciraj-Bjelac ◽  
P Bozovic
Keyword(s):  
Computed Radiography ◽  
Screening Mammography ◽  
Diagnostic Reference Levels ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
Full Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mean Glandular Dose ◽  
Full Field Digital Mammography ◽  
Tube Output ◽  
Breast Thickness

Abstract The objective of this work is to investigate the possibility to set a national diagnostic reference levels (nDRLs) for diagnostic and screening mammography in Serbia based on local practice and available resources. This study included all types of mammography systems that are currently used in Serbia, namely screen-film mammography (SFM), computed radiography (CR) and full-field digital mammography (FFDM). The nDRLs are provided in terms of mean glandular dose (MGD) for different breast thicknesses simulated by polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom. For each breast thickness, MGD was calculated for the X-ray tube output, using clinically used exposure parameters. DRLs were chosen as the 75th percentile of MGD distribution for 20-, 40-, 45-, 60- and 70-mm phantom thicknesses. For SFM units proposed nDRL values are 0.7, 2.1, 2.7, 4.6 and 6.8 mGy; for CR units proposed nDRL values are 0.7, 1.8, 2.4, 4.5 and 5.6 mGy; and corresponding values for FFDM units are 0.8, 1.7, 2, 2. and 3.2 mGy for 20-, 40-, 45-, 60- and 70-mm PMMA thickness, respectively.

scholarly journals Patient dose measurement in common medical X-ray examinations and propose the first local dose reference levels to diagnostic radiology in Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Behrouz Rasuli ◽  
Raheleh Tabari Juybari ◽  
Meysam Forouzi ◽  
Mohammad Ghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Patient Dose ◽  
Skin Dose ◽  
Diagnostic Reference Levels ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
Patient Load ◽  
Tube Output ◽  
Patient Doses ◽  
Southwest Of Iran

Abstract Introduction: The main purpose of this study was to investigate patient dose in pelvic and abdomen x-ray examinations. This work also provided the LDRLs (local diagnostic reference levels) in Khuzestan region, southwest of Iran to help establish the NDRLs (national diagnostic reference levels). Methods: Patient doses were assessed from patient’s anatomical data and exposure parameters based on the IAEA indirect dosimetry method. With regard to this method, exposure parameters such as tube output, kVp, mAs, FFD and patient anatomical data were used for calculating ESD (entrance skin dose) of patients. This study was conducted on 250 standard patients (50% men and 50% women) at eight high-patient-load imaging centers. Results: The results indicate that mean ESDs for the both pelvic and abdomen examinations were lower than the IAEA and EC reference levels, 2.3 and 3.7 mGy, respectively. Mean applied kVps were 67 and 70 and mean FFDs were 103 and 109, respectively. Tube loadings obtained in this study for pelvic examination were lower than all the corresponding values in the reviewed literature. Likewise, the average annual patient load across all hospitals were more than 37000 patients, i.e. more than 100 patients a day. Conclusions: The authors recommend that DRLs (diagnostic reference levels) obtained in this region, which are the first available data, can be used as local DRLs for pelvic and abdomen procedures. This work also provides that on-the-job training programs for staffs and close cross collaboration between physicists and physicians should be strongly considered.

Effect of Compression Force and Target or Target/Filter Combination on Mean Glandular Dose for Japanese Women in Full-Field Digital Mammography System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2695-2700
Author(s):  
Mie Ishii ◽  
Mai Nakamura ◽  
Rie Ishii ◽  
Keiichi Shida ◽  
Toshikazu Hatada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Mammography ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Breast Compression ◽  
Mean Glandular Dose ◽  
Full Field Digital Mammography ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Breast Thickness

We constructed a mammography database of 807 Japanese women and 2,772 images obtained using five commercial full-field digital mammography (FFDM) devices at four different facilities. Five types of mammography devices fabricated by four manufacturers were used: one with a Mo target (AMULET F), one with Mo and Rh targets (Senographe DS), one with Mo and W targets (AMULET), and two with a W target (MAMMOMAT Fusion and Selenia Dimensions). The purpose of this study was to focus on the mean glandular dose (MGD) in the database and analyze the difference in the MGD of Japanese women radiographed by mammographic devices with different targets or target/filter combinations. Furthermore, we clarify the difference between the displayed and measured MGDs for the three types of mammography devices. The average compression pressure and compression breast thickness of the Japanese women in the mammography in this study were 90.9±21.7 N and 43.3±12.9 mm, respectively. The breast compression pressure slightly varied depending on the facility or FFDM device, while the compression breast thickness decreased with the increase in the compression pressure for all FFDM devices. Differences in breast compression thickness existed depending on the mammography devices. The MGDs of the two types of mammography devices using the W target were smallest (1.335±0.358, 1.218±0.464 mGy). The displayed and measured MGDs of the three types of FFDM devices had a good correlation. However, the difference between the displayed and measured MGDs of the two devices increased with the MGD.

PROPOSED NATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS FOR STANDARD RADIOGRAPHIC X-RAY PROCEDURES IN SUDAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-426
Author(s):  
Nada A Ahmed ◽  
E H Basheir ◽  
A B Farah ◽  
T S Mohammedzein ◽  
I I Suliman
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Dose Optimization ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Diagnostic Reference Levels ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Tube Output ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Entrance Surface Air Kerma

Abstract This study aimed to calculate patient radiation doses for adults during the seven most commonly performed conventional X-ray procedures, and to propose national diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). A representative sample of patients from 29 hospitals was included. The entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) was calculated by measuring X-ray tube output and the corresponding technical and exposure factors for each patient. Third-quartile values of the mean ESAK distributions were proposed as DRL values. The DRLs in mGy were as follows: 0.6 for chest postero–anterior (PA), 3.5 for skull AP, 1.7 for skull lateral (LAT), 2.7 for abdominal, 2.6 for pelvic AP, 3.7 for lumbar spine AP and 8 for lumbar spine LAT. Compared with literature, the maximum percentages increase were in chest PA (329%) and skull AP (187%). Since the suggested DRL for chest PA was higher than literature values, dose optimization and a review of its value is recommended.

scholarly journals Analysis of Average Glandular Dose (AGD) and Associated Parameters for Conventional and Digital X-Ray Mammography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Idris Suliman ◽  
Sawsan Mohamed ◽  
Alaa Mahadi ◽  
Einas Bashier ◽  
A Farah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Specific ◽  
Diagnostic Reference Levels ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Patient Protection ◽  
Average Glandular Dose ◽  
Tube Output ◽  
Conversion Coefficients

Abstract In this study, we determined the average glandular dose (AGD) from the craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views of 496 breasts (247 women) at eight clinics in Sudan. The incident air kerma from the X-ray tube output values and typical patient-specific breast exposure factors were measured. AGD values were inferred from the measured incident air kerma and breast-specific dose conversion coefficients. The AGD per CC and MLO projection and per woman ranged from 0.34–5.3 mGy (average: 2.46), 0.29–3.39 mGy (average: 1.50), and 0.6–7.4 mGy (average: 3.95). The proposed national diagnostic reference levels (mGy) are 3.48, 2.03, and 6.44 mGy for CC, MLO, and per woman, respectively. Establishing the proposed diagnostic reference levels is an essential step in ensuring patient protection from radiation and will help promote dose optimization for X-ray mammography at the national levels and beyond. The results provide important baseline data that can be used to formulate the national diagnostic reference levels.

scholarly journals Comparison of Mean Glandular Dose between Full-Field Digital Mammography and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1758
Author(s):  
Kar Choon Teoh ◽  
Hanani Abdul Manan ◽  
Norhashimah Mohd Norsuddin ◽  
Iqbal Hussain Rizuana
Keyword(s):  
Digital Mammography ◽  
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis ◽  
Breast Tomosynthesis ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Mean Glandular Dose ◽  
Full Field Digital Mammography ◽  
Dose Monitoring ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Breast Thickness

Early detection of breast cancer is diagnosed using mammography, the gold standard in breast screening. However, its increased use also provokes radiation-induced breast malignancy. Thus, monitoring and regulating the mean glandular dose (MGD) is essential. The purpose of this study was to determine MGD for full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in the radiology department of a single centre. We also analysed the exposure factors as a function of breast thickness. A total of 436 patients underwent both FFDM and DBT. MGD was auto calculated by the mammographic machine for each projection. Patients’ data included compressed breast thickness (CBT), peak kilovoltage (kVp), milliampere-seconds (mAs) and MGD (mGy). Result analysis showed that there is a significant difference in MGD between the two systems, namely FFDM and DBT. However, the MGD values in our centre were comparable to other centres, as well as the European guideline (<2.5 mGy) for a standard breast. Although DBT improves the clinical outcome and quality of diagnosis, the risk of radiation-induced carcinogenesis should not be neglected. Regular quality control testing on mammography equipment must be performed for dose monitoring in women following a screening mammography in the future.

scholarly journals Patient protection in dental radiology: Influence of exposure time on patient dose

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Arandjic ◽  
Dusko Kosutic ◽  
Djordje Lazarevic
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Patient Dose ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Dental Radiology ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Patient Protection ◽  
Tube Output ◽  
Patient Doses

This paper shows the results of dose assessment for dental radiographic procedures. Entrance surface doses for 5 different procedures were assessed. More than 15 hospitals, twenty X-ray units in total, were encompassed in this research. Patient doses were estimated based on results of X-ray tube output measurements. Finally, doses were compared with Reference levels. Higher dose values were observed for X-ray units with 50 kVp. In comparison with digital units, doses from other procedures are significantly higher. .

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