DETERMINATION OF DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVEL IN ROUTINE EXAMINATIONS OF DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY IN MAZANDARAN PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Zeinab Hoseini Motlagh ◽  
Ali Shabestani Monfared ◽  
Mohammad Reza Deevband ◽  
Razzagh Abedi-Firouzjah ◽  
Naser Ghaemian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Digital Radiography ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Skin Dose ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Diagnostic Reference Level ◽  
Entrance Skin Dose

Abstract Introduction The main purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic reference level (DRL) for routine digital radiography examinations in Mazandaran province. Materials and methods Thirteen digital radiographic examinations at 18 high-patient-load radiography centres were investigated. The indirect dosimetry method was performed based on the IAEA report. Average entrance skin dose (ESD) and the third quartile of ESD as the DRL were evaluated from the measurement made by a semiconductor dosemeter. Results DRL for the examinations of digital radiography was obtained as: Skull (postero-anterior [PA]): 2.2, skull (lateral [LAT]): 2.4, cervical spine (antero-posterior [AP]): 1.6, cervical spine (LAT): 1.7, thoracic spine (AP): 3.6, thoracic spine (LAT): 9.9, lumbar spine (AP): 5.3, lumbar spine (LAT): 11.8, chest (PA): 1.4, chest (LAT): 2.1, abdomen (AP): 4.3, pelvis (AP): 3.2 and hip (AP): 2.1 mGy. Conclusion Although DRL was not higher compared with the international organisations’ levels, it can be reduced by adequate training of radiographers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of effective dose and entrance skin dose in digital radiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khatereh Shamsi ◽  
Ali Shabestani Monfared ◽  
Mohammad Reza Deevband ◽  
Behzad Mohsenzadeh ◽  
Mahdi Ghorbani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Radiology ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Skin Dose ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Digital Radiology

AbstractBackground: Ionizing radiation has an indispensable role in diagnostic radiology and clinical treatments. Apparently, medical exposure in diagnostic radiology pertains to be the preeminent man-made source of radiation.Objective: The aim of the present scientific study is to calculate the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) and Effective Dose (ED) in digital radiography in Mazandaran province.Materials and methods: The study was performed on 3600 patients in digital X-ray rooms 15 hospitals and the required data were collected from two age groups (10>15 years and adults) in each projection. Based on the results of this study, ESD and ED were calculated for skull (PA), skull (lateral), cervical spine (AP), cervical spine (lateral), chest (PA), chest (lateral), abdomen (AP), lumbar spine (AP), lumbar spine (lateral), pelvis (AP), thoracic spine (AP) and thoracic spine (lateral) examinations. It was calculated using PCXMC software (version 2.0).Results: In this study, mean ESDs for the 10-15 year group varied from 0.97±0.21 mGy to 3.62±1.38 mGy for chest (PA) and lumbar spine (lateral), respectively. For the adult group varied from 1.05±0.31 to 3.85±1.44 for cervical spine (AP) and lumbar spine (lateral), respectively. And also ED value was from in the range of 10.40 µSv to 378.46 µSv for skull (PA) 10-15 year group and abdomen adults, respectivelyConclusion: This survey revealed a significant variation in the radiation dose of digital radiology examinations among hospitals in Mazandaran province. Application of a dose reference level (DRL) could be an optimization procedure for reducing the patient’s dose in Mazandaran province.

Teriparatide Treatment Increases Hounsfield Units in the Thoracic Spine, Lumbar Spine, Sacrum, and Ilium Out of Proportion to the Cervical Spine

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony L. Mikula ◽  
Jeffery D. St. Jeor ◽  
Ryan M. Naylor ◽  
James T. Bernatz ◽  
Nitesh P. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Teriparatide Treatment

Determination of Entrance Surface Dose of Digital Radiography for Adults at Public Medical Imaging Centers, Erbil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilham Khalid Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Skin Dose ◽  
Surface Dose ◽  
Entrance Surface Dose ◽  
Entrance Skin Dose ◽  
Total Filtration ◽  
Ionizing Radiations

Introduction: Diagnostic X-ray is one of the ionizing radiations, the level of radiation dose received by the patient during medical examination is essential to prevent cancer risks. The aim of this study is to calculate entrance surface dose (ESD) and effective dose (ED) were estimated during chest, and lumber spine for adult patients in three hospitals in Erbil, using NOMEX MULTIMETER and PCXMC software.    Material and Methods: The study was conducted in three public hospitals, in Erbil on (250) adult patients, whose ages between (18-70) years, based on the results study, ESD and ED were calculated for chest (PA, lateral), and lumbar spine (AP, lateral) examinations. NOMEX MULTIMETER (PTW, Freiburg), used in measurement of tube voltage, dose, dose rate, time product current, and total filtration automatically during examination. ED was calculated by using PCXMC software (version 2.5). Results: The results of this work are compared with published international literatures. The mean entrance skin dose for examinations of chest (PA, Lat), and lumber spine (AP, Lat) 1.02, 1.06, 2.61 and 3.92 mGy respectively. ED value was from 0.08, 0.19, 0.32, and 0.33 mSv, for chest (PA, Lat), and lumber spine (AP, Lat), respectively. Conclusion: The ESD, and ED were calculated in this work were found to be agreement with the published reference values for chest, and lumber spine set by international levels. ALARA principle should be considered by radiographer, to reduce absorbed dose of adults’ patient undergoing imaging radiography.

scholarly journals Estimating Entrance Skin Dose of Digital Radiography Examination Using Displayed Dose Area Product

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Wiwat Owasirikul ◽  
Woranut Iampa ◽  
Tipvimol Meechai ◽  
Khaisang Chousangsuntorn ◽  
Napapong Pongnapang
Keyword(s):  
Digital Radiography ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Skin Dose ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Entrance Skin Dose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tube Output ◽  
Area Product

Objective: To estimate entrance skin dose (ESD) of digital radiography (DR) examination using displayed dose area product (DAP)Material and Method: The functional relation between calculated ESD using x-ray tube output principle and displayed DAP were investigated. The displayed DAP was obtained from whole body phantom which underwent seven projections: skull anteroposterior (AP), skull lateral (Lat), chest posteroanterior (PA), abdomen AP, pelvis AP, lumbar spine AP and l umbar spine Lat. The estimating results were analyzed and compared with two other methods using one-way analysis of variance.Results: The high relation between the ESD calculated and the displayed DAP were founded with simple equation: ESD=0.0017.DAP+0.1546 (R2=0.88) The mean ESD estimated performed by DR examination with automatic exposure control (AEC) mode using our method, Mcparland method and Kisilewicz method were 1.07, 1.13 and 0.89 whereas without AEC mode were 3.25, 3.45 and 2.60 respectively. There was provided no statistically significant difference between our approach and two other methods (p-value>0.010).Conclusion: The displayed DAP can be used to estimate the ESD.  

scholarly journals Determination of Radiation Dose from Routine X-ray Examination at Three Selected Hospitals in AlNajaf, Iraq

2019 ◽  
pp. 2163-2167
Author(s):  
Hussien Abid Ali Bakir ◽  
Talib Abdulridha Al-hchaimi ◽  
Aymen S. Amran ◽  
Aqeel H. Al Zurfi
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Skin Dose ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Exposure Factor ◽  
Tube Potential ◽  
Tube Current

People who undertaken different X-ray examinations are already exposed to ionizing radiation which causes biological effects. Therefore assessing the patient radiation dose is a prerequisite element in optimizing the X-ray practice and to avoid the unnecessary radiation dose. The aim of this research is to assess the skin radiation dose for those patients who undertaking routine X-ray examinations in selected three hospitals in Al Najaf city.      Three X-ray units were involved in this experimental study; these were belonging to three hospitals in Al Najaf city-Iraq, namely Al-Sadder teaching hospital, Al-Hakeem general hospital and Al-Zahraa hospital. Data of exposure parameters (tube potential (kVp), tube current (mAs) and source to detector distance (d cm)). The data were collected from 160 patients exposed to radiation during different X-ray examinations. Patients were chosen to be within adult range (>18 years) and the selection was random (male and female). Patient skin dose was calculated mathematically using an established formula depending on the recorded exposure factor (kVp, mAs and d). Different X-ray examinations were considered, namely skull Posterior –anterior (PA), skull Lateral (LAT), chest PA, chest LAT, abdomen Anterior-posterior (AP), pelvis AP, lumbar spine  AP and lumbar LAT. The average skin dose for all X-ray examinations considered in this research were as follow: 0.9, 0.76, 0.23, 0.41, 1.85, 1.82, 2.03 and 3.44 mGy, for skull PA, skull LAT, chest PA, chest LAT, abdomen AP, pelvis AP, lumbar spine(LS) AP and Lumbar spine (LS)LAT respectively. The results demonstrate that the dose values were comparable to those that were previously reported in published reference.

Analisis Nilai Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) Dewasa Pemeriksaan Lumbal Spine Anterior-Posterior (AP) dan Lateral (LAT) Modalitas Radiografi Umum di Indonesia Berdasarkan Database Dosis Pasien Si-INTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Vida Syahmitalia ◽  
◽  
Zaenal Arifin ◽  
Rusmanto Rusmanto ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Diagnostic Reference Level ◽  
Central Java ◽  
National Body ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) is a tool for optimizing radiation protection for patients. DRL is also applied to the general radiographic modality of the Anterior-Posterior (AP) and Lateral (LAT) lumbar spine examination. This study aims to determine and analyze provincial and national DRL values that are useful as a reference for general radiographic examination of the Lumbar Spine AP and LAT. Using Si-INTAN secondary data starting with grouping and eliminating ESAK values, determining the national body mass reference, calculating the second quartile value (Q2) for local DRL, and third quartile (Q3) for provincial and national. National DRL on this result was also compared regarding DRL in previous studies. The results of this study indicate the DRL values of several provinces in Indonesia on general radiographic examination of the lumbar spine (AP and LAT), namely Banten 4.31 mGy and 7.88 mGy, DKI Jakarta 6.13 mGy and 5.40 mGy, Jambi 1.88 mGy, West Java 2.54 mGy and 4.18 mGy, Central Java 3.25 mGy and 5.81 mGy, Riau Islands 4.19 mGy and 6.78 mGy, Riau 4.31 mGy and 5.90 mGy, Sulawesi Central 2.15 mGy and 9.57 mGy, North Sumatera 1.04 mGy and 2.90 mGy, and national 4.31 mGy and 7.05 mGy. The difference in DRL values is influenced by exposure parameters, the expertise of related human resources, and the patient’s body mass.

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