scholarly journals Building the City: From Slums to a Modern Metropolis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Vernon Henderson ◽  
Tanner Regan ◽  
Anthony J Venables
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Evolution ◽  
Land Markets ◽  
Technology Choice ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Model Estimate ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The Core ◽  
Welfare Losses ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
The City

Abstract We model the building of a city, estimate parameters of the model, and calculate welfare losses from institutional frictions encountered in changing land-use. We distinguish formal and slum construction technologies; in contrast to slums, formal structures can be built tall, are durable, and non-malleable. As the city grows areas are initially developed informally, then formally, and then redeveloped periodically. Slums are modelled as a technology choice; however, institutional frictions in land markets may hinder their conversion to formal usage that requires secure property rights. Using unique data on Nairobi for 2003 and 2015, we develop a novel set of facts that support assumptions of the model, estimate all parameters of the model, and calculate welfare losses of conversion frictions. We track the dynamic evolution of the city and compare it with model predictions. In the core city formal sector, about a third of buildings were torn down over 12 years and replaced by buildings on average three times higher. For slums in older areas near the centre, even after buying out slumlords, overcoming institutional frictions would yield gains amounting to about ${\$}$18,000 per slum household, thirty times typical annual slum rent payments.

Evaluation of Road Utilisation as Space For Holding Social Ceremonies in Indigenous Residential Area of Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (March 2018) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A Okanlawon ◽  
O.O Odunjo ◽  
S.A Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

This study examined Residents’ evaluation of turning transport infrastructure (road) to spaces for holding social ceremonies in the indigenous residential zone of Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Upon stratifying the city into the three identifiable zones, the core, otherwise known as the indigenous residential zone was isolated for study. Of the twenty (20) political wards in the two local government areas of the town, fifteen (15) wards that were located in the indigenous zone constituted the study area. Respondents were selected along one out of every three (33.3%) of the Trunk — C (local) roads being the one mostly used for the purpose in the study area. The respondents were the residents, commercial motorists, commercial motorcyclists, and celebrants. Six hundred and forty-two (642) copies of questionnaire were administered and harvested on the spot. The Mean Analysis generated from the respondents’ rating of twelve perceived hazards listed in the questionnaire were then used to determine respondents’ most highly rated perceived consequences of the practice. These were noisy environment, Blockage of drainage by waste, and Endangering the life of the sick on the way to hospital; the most highly rated reasons why the practice came into being; and level of acceptability of the practice which was found to be very unacceptable in the study area. Policy makers should therefore focus their attention on strict enforcement of the law prohibiting the practice in order to ensure more cordial relationship among the citizenry, seeing citizens’ unacceptability of the practice in the study area.

Gentrification and neighborhood melancholy. Collective sadness and ambivalence in Dortmund’s Hörde district

2021 ◽  
pp. 147447402098725
Author(s):  
Susanne Frank
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
The Core ◽  
Mixed Feelings ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The City ◽  
The Phoenix

Since 2000, the City of Dortmund has pursued an ambitious flagship project in the district of Hoerde. On the enormous site of a former steel plant, and in the middle of an impoverished working class district, a large new upper-middle class residential area (Phoenix) has been developed around an artificial lake. Qualitative fieldwork suggests that the project has generated mixed feelings among longtime working class dwellers in the old part of Hoerde. Widespread enthusiasm about new lakeside living is interwoven with emotions of sadness and loss, reflecting a neighborhood transformation which unmistakably demonstrates their social, cultural, and political marginalization – feelings that were not allowed to become part of the jubilant official discourse which has marketed the Phoenix project as a shining example of the City’s successful post-industrial structural change. Ever since its announcement, the project has been blamed for triggering gentrification processes – despite the fact that there are still no empirical signs of rising rents or displacement. I argue that the concept of gentrification has been taken up so readily because it is popular, polyvalent, polemical, and critical, enabling citizens to find a language to denounce the blatant social inequalities and power imbalances that competitive urbanism has fostered in Dortmund. However, I also claim that the core of the prevailing sadness – the loss of the familiar neighborhood which could not be grieved over – remains under the radar of standard gentrification discourse. The article thus proposes neighborhood melancholy as a concept to account for the unclear, subconscious, and deeply ambivalent ways in which long-established residents experience their neighborhood’s transformation, expressed within the rubric of gentrification.

scholarly journals Can inner and outer containment counteract pulls and pushes toward delinquency? A test of Walter Reckless’s containment theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 147737082098881
Author(s):  
Heleen J Janssen ◽  
Gerben JN Bruinsma ◽  
Frank M Weerman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Test ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Interaction Theory ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
The Core ◽  
Longitudinal Survey Data ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The City

The aim of the current study is to provide an empirical test of containment theory of Walter Reckless (1899–1988). The theory proposes that outer and inner containment hold adolescents back from delinquency even when external factors pull and push them toward it. This early control theory was ahead of its time, but never received the empirical attention it deserves. This article outlines the core theoretical concepts and the basic propositions in order to empirically examine their validity. We employed hybrid linear regression analysis using longitudinal survey data of 612 adolescents (12–18 years old) in the city of The Hague, the Netherlands. The results indicate that outer and inner containment can be meaningfully distinguished, and that several but not all propositions of the theory are supported. Inner and outer containment function as a buffer against external pulls and are able to counteract the effect of increases in environmental pulls during adolescence. We conclude that containment theory is still a promising interaction theory that can help us understand why adolescents who experience external pulls toward delinquency are able to resist these influences.

scholarly journals The current state of urban soils in the core of Baku’s agglomeration

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
L. Gasimova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Soils ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
The Core ◽  
Current State ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This article presents the results of studies the soils of urban parks, gardens, roadside zones in the core of the agglomeration of Baku. The urban soils were studied as indicators of the ecological status of the city of Baku. The impact of soil condition on the green areas in seven districts of Baku has been evaluated.

scholarly journals Annual layering in the NGRIP ice core during the Eemian

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 749-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Svensson ◽  
M. Bigler ◽  
E. Kettner ◽  
D. Dahl-Jensen ◽  
S. Johnsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Migration ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Interglacial Period ◽  
Grain Boundary Migration ◽  
Model Estimate ◽  
The Core ◽  
Impurity Analysis ◽  
Annual Layer ◽  
Pressure Melting ◽  
Mis 5E

Abstract. The Greenland NGRIP ice core continuously covers the period from present day back to 123 ka before present, which includes several thousand years of ice from the previous interglacial period, MIS 5e or the Eemian. In the glacial part of the core annual layers can be identified from impurity records and visual stratigraphy, and stratigraphic layer counting has been performed back to 60 ka. In the deepest part of the core, however, the ice is close to the pressure melting point, the visual stratigraphy is dominated by crystal boundaries, and annual layering is not visible to the naked eye. In this study, we apply a newly developed setup for high-resolution ice core impurity analysis to produce continuous records of dust, sodium and ammonium concentrations as well as conductivity of melt water. We analyzed three 2.2 m sections of ice from the Eemian and the glacial inception. In all of the analyzed ice, annual layers can clearly be recognized, most prominently in the dust and conductivity profiles. Part of the samples is, however, contaminated in dust, most likely from drill liquid. It is interesting that the annual layering is preserved despite a very active crystal growth and grain boundary migration in the deep and warm NGRIP ice. Based on annual layer counting of the new records, we determine a mean annual layer thickness close to 11 mm for all three sections, which, to first order, confirms the modeled NGRIP time scale (ss09sea). The counting does, however, suggest a longer duration of the climatically warmest part of the NGRIP record (MIS5e) of up to 1 ka as compared to the model estimate. Our results suggest that stratigraphic layer counting is possible basically throughout the entire NGRIP ice core provided sufficiently highly-resolved profiles become available.

scholarly journals Irish on the walls: the branding of a language

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 189-205
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Rava
Keyword(s):  
City Council ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Irish Language ◽  
The Troubles ◽  
The Core ◽  
The City

By the time the Belfast City Council launched a new logo in 2007, rebranding Belfast had become a central issue. The symbolic center of Belfast, the City Council building, presents itself as a post-modern and fully globalized space, neutralizing the memory of an area stigmatized by decades-long violence known as The Troubles. Like other cities with a traumatic past, such as Berlin, Belfast tries to promote itself as a modern and lively place, well aware of the importance of exploiting memory as a tourist attraction. The article examines the Irish language’s resemantization in Belfast, particularly in the Gaeltacht quarter area, during and after The Troubles. Based on a paper by Siun Carden (2017), the article tries to connect the core of the author’s observations to language’s phatic function. The idea is that the contemporary branding of Irishness through the use of the Irish language on Belfast’s murals works as an effective mythomoteur, a concept comparable to the mythe projectif elaborated by Bertrand (2019) in the case of Paris’s rebranding.

scholarly journals Mathematical model and simulations of MERS outbreak: Predictions and implications for control measures

BIOMATH ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1612141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nofe Al-Asuoad ◽  
Libin Rong ◽  
Sadoof Alaswad ◽  
Meir Shillor
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations ◽  
Contact Rate ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) has been identified in 2012 and since then outbreaks have been reported in various localities in the Middle East and in other parts of the world. To help predict the possible dynamics of MERS, as well as ways to contain it, this paper develops a mathematical model for the disease. It has a compartmental structure similar to SARS models and is in the form of a coupled system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The model predictions are fitted to data from the outbreaks in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) during 2013-2016. The results reveal that MERS will eventually be contained in the city. However, the containment time and the severity of the outbreaks depend crucially on the contact coefficients and the isolation rate constant. When randomness is added to the model coefficients, the simulations show that the model is sensitive to the scaled contact rate among people and to the isolation rate. The model is analyzed using stability theory for ODEs and indicates that when using only isolation, the endemic steady state is locally stable and attracting. Numerical simulations with parameters estimated from the city of Riyadh illustrate the analytical results and the model behavior, which may have important implications for the disease containment in the city. Indeed, the model highlights the importance of isolation of infected individuals and may be used to assess other control measures. The model is general and may be used to analyze outbreaks in other parts of the Middle East and other areas.

Value Analysis on the Continuity of Architectural History Context of Guanzhong Civil Residence

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
Jun Tu
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
The People ◽  
Time Trace ◽  
Human And Nature ◽  
The City

City is the carrier of endless flow, the continuity of architectural history context constitutes the collective memory of the people of the city. In the course of history, the continuity of architectural context of Guanzhong civil residence is developed by creativity and inherited by changing. The Guanzhong civil residence preserved the trace of time, trace of cultural development; experienced the life of people; witnessed the harmony of human, human and society, human and nature. This is the core of the continuity of architectural history context.

Pengaruh Karakteristik Individu, Karakteristik Pekerjaan dan Karakteristik Lingkungan Terhadap Motivasi Kerja Pegawai Pada Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Kota Pontianak

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Indrawati Indrawati ◽  
Aprina Kuswardani
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Core ◽  
Important Position ◽  
The City

Human resource is the most valuable resource and has an increasingly important position in achieving the objectives of the organization. Human is the core driving force of all activities and is also a major part in the processing of the input into the output. This research was conducted in the territory of the city of Pontianak. Independent variables (X) in this study consist of 3 individual characteristics, job characteristics, and environmental characteristics, while dependent variable (Y) is motivation. The data in this study were obtainet from the results of the questionnaire to 34 respondents who also as samples in this research. The data later processed using multiple Linear Regression analysis. The result showed that only one individual characteristics, job charakteristics and environmental characteristics had a significant influence on employee motivation at Civil Service Police Unit Pontianak.

Developing Heterodox Economics Curriculum The case of John Jay College

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert L. Dhondt ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Heterodox Economics ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
The Core ◽  
The City

This article seeks to be a contribution to heterodox teaching initiatives by focusing on curriculum building and institutional opportunities and constraints at John Jay College, the City University of New York. The article first focuses on the need for alternative curriculums in the context of the global crisis and the crisis of economics as a discipline. Then, after some historical context to John Jay College in which opportunities arose to develop a heterodox program, the focus is on the core of the current economics curriculum and its contrasts with the mainstream. Finally, there is a discussion of institutional constraints.

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