scholarly journals Remineralization of enamel caries by an amelogenin-derived peptide and fluoride in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longjiang Ding ◽  
Sili Han ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Sainan Zheng ◽  
Wenyue Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Enamel Caries ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The World ◽  
Mineral Loss ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Crystals

Abstract Dental caries is one of the most common oral diseases in the world. This study was tantamount to investigate the combinatory effects of an amelogenin-derived peptide (called QP5) and fluoride on the remineralization of artificial enamel caries. The peptide QP5 was synthesized and characterized, and the binding capability of the peptide on hydroxyapatite (HA) and demineralized tooth enamel surface was analysed. Then, the mineralization function of the peptide and fluoride was studied through the spontaneous mineralization testing and remineralization on enamel caries in vitro. First, the novel peptide QP5 could bind on the hydroxyapatite and demineralized tooth enamel surfaces. Second, QP5 can transitorily stabilize the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate and direct the transformation into hydroxyapatite crystals alone and in combination with fluoride. In addition, compared to blocks treated by peptide QP5 alone or fluoride, the sample blocks showed significantly higher surface microhardness, lower mineral loss and shallower lesion depth after treatment with a combination of QP5 and fluoride at high or low concentrations. The peptide QP5 could control the crystallization of hydroxyapatite, and combinatory application of peptide QP5 and fluoride had a potential synergistic effect on the remineralization of enamel caries.

Synthetic and semi-synthetic drugs as promising therapeutic option for the treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Shirbhate ◽  
Preeti Patel ◽  
Vijay K Patel ◽  
Ravichandran Veerasamy ◽  
Prabodh C Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

: The novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), a global pandemic that emerged from Wuhan, China has today travelled all around the world, so far 216 countries or territories with 21,732,472 people infected and 770,866 deaths globally (as per WHO COVID-19 update dated August 18, 2020). Continuous efforts are being made to repurpose the existing drugs and develop vaccines for combating this infection. Despite, to date, no certified antiviral treatment or vaccine prevails. Although, few candidates have displayed their efficacy in in vitro studies and are being repurposed for COVID-19 treatment. This article summarizes synthetic and semi-synthetic compounds displaying potent activity in their clinical experiences or studies against COVID-19 and also focuses on mode of action of drugs being repositioned against COVID-19.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL THERAPIES FOR TREATMENT OF COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 062-071
Author(s):  
Beatriz Gasser ◽  
Ricardo Andres Ramirez Uscategui
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Interferon Β ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Time Point

Since discovery of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in December of 2019, this viral pneumonia originated in Wuhan, China quickly spread around the world. This new disease, called COVID-19 can cause Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) due to an uncontrolled inflammatory response like sepsis, that leads to multiple organ failure and even death. Several pharmacotherapeutics alternatives are being tested over the world, looking for most diverse drugs that might be able to fight the infection. The objective of this paper is to review the main pharmacotherapeutics techniques development, as remdesivir, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir plus ritonavir, interferon-β, ivermectin, anticoagulants, convalescent plasma and vaccine, currently undergoing clinical trials in order to evaluate its effectiveness and safety to combat the COVID-19, presenting their characteristics, possible adverse effects and main scientific findings of its potential action. In conclusion, some therapies presented promising in-vitro results or in the treatment of some patients, nonetheless, multicentric blinded placebo controlled clinical trials are necessary to determine their effectiveness, safety, dosage, and best time point of treatment.

scholarly journals Antimalarial 9-Anilinoacridine Compounds Directed at Hematin

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 3708-3712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saranya Auparakkitanon ◽  
Wilai Noonpakdee ◽  
Raymond K. Ralph ◽  
William A. Denny ◽  
Prapon Wilairat
Keyword(s):  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Dna Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Dna Topoisomerase ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Absorbance Changes

ABSTRACT Antimalarial 9-anilinoacridines are potent inhibitors of parasite DNA topoisomerase II both in vitro and in situ. 3,6-Diamino substitution on the acridine ring greatly improves parasiticidal activity against Plasmodium falciparum by targeting DNA topoisomerase II. A series of 9-anilinoacridines were investigated for their abilities to inhibitβ -hematin formation, to form drug-hematin complexes, and to enhance hematin-induced lysis of red blood cells. Inhibition ofβ -hematin formation was minimal with 3,6-diamino analogs of 9-anilinoacridine and greatest with analogs with a 3,6-diCl substitution together with an electron-donating group in the 1′-anilino position. On the other hand, the presence of a 1′-N(CH3)2 group in the anilino ring produced compounds that strongly inhibited β-hematin formation but which did not appear to be sensitive to the nature of the substitutions in the acridine nucleus. The derivatives bound hematin, and Job's plots of UV-visible absorbance changes in drug-hematin complexes at various molar ratios indicated a stoichiometric ratio of 1:2. The drugs enhanced hematin-induced red blood cell lysis at low concentrations (<4 μM). These studies open up the novel possibility of development of 9-anilinoacridine antimalarials that target not only DNA topoisomerase II but alsoβ -hematin formation, which should help delay the rapid onset of resistance to drugs acting at only a single site.

A Spectroscopic and Surface Microhardness Study on Enamel Exposed to Beverages Supplemented with Lower Iron Concentrations

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Xavier ◽  
K Rai ◽  
AM Hegde ◽  
S Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Acidic Beverages ◽  
Mineral Loss ◽  
Iron Concentrations

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the in vitro mineral loss and surface microhardness (SMH) changes in human enamel specimens following supplementation of acidic carbonated beverages with low iron concentrations than when treated without. Study Design: 180 enamel blocks each from primary and permanent teeth were prepared and equally subdivided (n=10) for their respective treatments in Group 1 (Coca Cola and Sprite without iron supplementation) and Group 2 (beverages supplemented with 2/5mmol/L FeSO4.7H2O). Following initial SMH estimation, the blocks were subjected to 3 treatment cycles of 5/20 minute incubation periods, equally interspaced by a 5-min treatment in artificial saliva. The calcium and phosphate released after each cycle were analyzed spectrophotometrically and the final SMH was recorded. The results were tested using student's T test, One-way ANOVA and Kruskal Walli's test (p&lt;0.05). Results: Two and five mmol/L FeSO4.7H2O supplementation produced a highly significant SMH change and calcium and phosphate reduction than when treated without (p&lt;.0005). Both the enamel specimens showed similar patterns of mineral loss and SMH reduction, with pronounced effects in the twenty minute incubation cycles. Conclusion: Our results suggest that 2mmol/L FeSO4.7H2O supplementation to acidic beverages is beneficial in reducing mineral loss and preserving surface microhardness of human enamel.

scholarly journals Hsa_circ_0075960 Serves as a Sponge for miR-361-3p/SH2B1 in Endometrial Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153303382098307
Author(s):  
Bo Wu ◽  
Ailing Ren ◽  
Ying Tian ◽  
Ruizhen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Ec Cells ◽  
Direct Target

Although the cases of endometrial carcinoma (EC) is gradually increasing across the world, its etiology and pathogenesis remain unknown. The present study is the first to define the role and biological function of circRNA hsa_circ_0075960 in the development and progression of EC. We first determined that hsa_circ_0075960 is aberrantly expressed in EC cells. Then, we uncovered that the downregulation of hsa_circ_0075960 suppressed cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis of EC cells, suggesting that hsa_circ_0075960 could inhibit the progression of EC in vitro. In addition, we identified that miR-361-3p was the direct target of hsa_circ_0075960. Further analysis revealed that hsa_circ_0075960 affected the development of EC via sponging miR-361-3p. Interestingly, we verified that the level of SH2B1 was controlled by the downregulation of hsa_circ_0075960 and that the negative effect caused by hsa_circ_0075960 could be reversed via miR-361-3p inhibition. Our cumulative results revealed that the novel tumor regulator hsa_circ_0075960 functioned as a sponge for miR-361-3p/SH2B1 in EC cells and regulated the progression of EC through the modulation of miR-361-3p.

scholarly journals STUDY OF REMINERALIZING ACTIVITY OF DOSAGE FORMS FOR TREATMENT OF INITIAL ENAMEL CARIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-388
Author(s):  
A. L. Golovanenko ◽  
E. V. Tretyakova ◽  
E. S. Patlusova ◽  
I. V. Alekseeva ◽  
E. S. Berezina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Enamel Caries ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Enamel Structure ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

One of the most promising areas of dental caries prophylaxis is remineralizing therapy aimed at normalizing the mineral composition of tooth enamel. As a result of a set of scientific, experimental and clinical studies, gels and drug films for the treatment of enamel caries have been developed.The aimof this work is to study remineralizing activity of dosage forms for the treatment of initial enamel caries.Materials and methods.As active pharmaceutical substances in dosage forms, calcium chloride (FS 42-0006-5675-04 P.003964.01), potassium phosphate disubstituted (FS 42-1297-79), sodium fluoride (PS.2.2.0013.15), auxiliary substances – gelling agent sodium-carboxymethylcellulose (sodium-CMC) C75 (TU 6-55-39-90), plasticizer glycerin (PS.2.2.0006.15), purified water (PS.2.2.0020.15) – have been used. Remineralizing activity was studied by the method of determination of calcium and phosphorus in the enamel ash in vitro. The study of remineralizing activity was carried out by the method of determination of calcium and phosphorus in the enamel ash in vitro. Quantitative determination of calcium was carried out by reverse complexometric titration, and the one of phosphorus was carried out by photoelectrocolorimetry. The electro-metric study of the enamel electrical conductivity was also carried out in vivo with the help of the Dentest device (Geosoft).Results and discussion. The method of determination of calcium and phosphorus in the enamel ash in vitro is based on tooth ashing and the subsequent determination of calcium and phosphorus in it by chemical and instrumental methods. Basing on the results obtained, it has been established that gel and drug films used for enamel caries treatment significantly increase the content of calcium and phosphorus in tooth enamel. The conducted electrometric study confirmed the increase in the hardness of the enamel structure due to its remineralization after the use of drug films.Conclusion. As a result of the studies conducted in vivo and in vitro, it has been established that the developed dosage forms have a remineralizing effect and can be recommended for increasing the effectiveness of prevention and treatment of the initial enamel caries.

DISCOLORATION OF TOOTH ENAMEL DUE TO BETEL LEAF EXTRACT (Piper betle Linn)

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Dewi Nurul Mustaqimah ◽  
Harliansyah ◽  
Muthia Hannisa
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Mouth Wash

The tooth enamel colour play an important role in esthetics. The discoloured teeth could be due to the using of boild Piper betle extract as a mouth wash. Up to now many people in Indonesia using the boiling Piper betle extract to manage oral diseases and to prevent tooth decay. The aim of this in vitro study are to know the effective concentration and application time of this agent to change the enamel colour. Fresh Piper betle leaves were processed to get 4 differents concentration (50, 33, 25, and 5%). Aquabidest was used as negative control. Every concentration was studyed using 2 maxillae premolar teeth in 24, 48, and 72 hours application times. 30 good condition teeth were used in this research.    The results showed that every concentration gaves discoloured changes. The optimal concentration and duration are 25% and 48 hours. It is concluded that using of this gargling agent must be intermittent. It can be suggested to use this agent only once or twice daily, each for 2 until 3 minutes gargling.

scholarly journals Cyclodextrin and TiF4 Nanocomplex on Enamel Demineralization

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
Thiago Vieira ◽  
Adílis K. Alexandria ◽  
Lilian H. Amaral ◽  
Aline de A. Neves ◽  
Ricardo T. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Titanium Tetrafluoride ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Mineral Loss

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a newly developed nanocomplex formed of hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin and 1% titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) after distinct complexation periods (12/72 h) on demineralization of bovine enamel in vitro. Enamel blocks (n=60) were allocated in different groups: Mili-Q water, hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin, 1% TiF4, hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + 1% TiF4 after 12 h of complexation and hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + 1% TiF4 after 72 h of complexation. The samples were evaluated by surface microhardness, cross-sectional microhardness and micro-CT. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX) were also obtained. Hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + 1% TiF4 after 12 h complexation resulted in lower percentage of surface microhardness loss compared to Mili-Q water, hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin, 1% TiF4 and hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + 1% TiF4 after 72 h of complexation group, with a large effect size (from 1.307 to 2.943) and high power (84.9 to 99%). All groups resulted in similar integrated mineral loss (ΔZ) obtained by both internal microhardness and micro-CT techniques. Enamel treated with TiF4 and TiF4 + hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin groups showed a TiO2 glaze-layer, while EDX evaluation identified Ti. The solution containing the inclusion complex of hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + TiF4 with 12 h of complexation period demonstrated a significant ability to reduce surface demineralization of sound enamel under an artificial cariogenic challenge.

scholarly journals The effect of xylitol and fluoride on remineralization for primary tooth enamel caries in vitro

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Tange ◽  
Yuko Sakurai ◽  
Mina Hirose ◽  
Daisuke Noro ◽  
Seiji Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Primary Tooth ◽  
Enamel Caries
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