scholarly journals Muscle (pectoralis major) protein turnover in young broiler chickens fed graded levels of lysine and crude protein

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1897-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Urdaneta-Rincon ◽  
S. Leeson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Major Protein

scholarly journals Effect of white striping myopathy on breast muscle (Pectoralis major) protein turnover and gene expression in broilers

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 886-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Vignale ◽  
Justina V. Caldas ◽  
Judy A. England ◽  
Nirun Boonsinchai ◽  
Andrew Magnuson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
White Striping

scholarly journals Prediction of metabolizable energy values in poultry offal meal for broiler chickens

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237-2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edney Pereira da Silva ◽  
Carlos Bôa-Viagem Rabello ◽  
Luiz Fernando Teixeira Albino ◽  
Jorge Victor Ludke ◽  
Michele Bernardino de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Gross Energy

This research aimed at generating and evaluating prediction equations to estimate metabolizable energy values in poultry offal meal. The used information refers to values of apparent and true metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn and TMEn) and for chemical composition of poultry offal meal. The literature review only included published papers on poultry offal meal developed in Brazil, and that had AMEn and TMEn values obtained by the total excreta collection method from growing broiler chickens and the chemical composition in crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), mineral matter (MM), gross energy (GE), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). The general equation obtained to estimate AMEn values of poultry offal meal was: AMEn = -2315.69 + 31.4439(CP) + 29.7697(MM) + 0.7689(GE) - 49.3611(Ca), R² = 72%. For meals with high fat contents (higher than 15%) and low mineral matter contents (lower than 10%), it is suggest the use of the equation AMEn = + 3245.07 + 46.8428(EE), R² = 76%, and for meals with high mineral matter content (higher than 10%), it is suggest the equations AMEn = 4059.15 - 440.397(P), R² = 82%. To estimate values of TMEn, it is suggested for meals with high mineral matter content the equation: TMEn = 5092.57 - 115.647(MM), R² = 78%, and for those with low contents of this component, the option is the equation: TMEn = 3617.83 - 15.7988(CP) - 18.2323(EE) - 96.3884(MM) + 0.4874(GE), R² = 76%.

scholarly journals Progress towards reduced-crude protein diets for broiler chickens and sustainable chicken-meat production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Yun Liu ◽  
Shemil P. Macelline ◽  
Peter V. Chrystal ◽  
Peter H. Selle
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein

AbstractThe prime purpose of this review is to explore the pathways whereby progress towards reduced-crude protein (CP) diets and sustainable chicken-meat production may be best achieved. Reduced-CP broiler diets have the potential to attenuate environmental pollution from nitrogen and ammonia emissions; moreover, they have the capacity to diminish the global chicken-meat industry’s dependence on soybean meal to tangible extents. The variable impacts of reduced-CP broiler diets on apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients are addressed. The more accurate identification of amino acid requirements for broiler chickens offered reduced-CP diets is essential as this would diminish amino acid imbalances and the deamination of surplus amino acids. Deamination of amino acids increases the synthesis and excretion of uric acid for which there is a requirement for glycine, this emphasises the value of so-called “non-essential” amino acids. Starch digestive dynamics and their possible impact of glucose on pancreatic secretions of insulin are discussed, although the functions of insulin in avian species require clarification. Maize is probably a superior feed grain to wheat as the basis of reduced-CP diets; if so, the identification of the underlying reasons for this difference should be instructive. Moderating increases in starch concentrations and condensing dietary starch:protein ratios in reduced-CP diets may prove to be advantageous as expanding ratios appear to be aligned to inferior broiler performance. Threonine is specifically examined because elevated free threonine plasma concentrations in birds offered reduced-CP diets may be indicative of compromised performance. If progress in these directions can be realised, then the prospects of reduced-CP diets contributing to sustainable chicken-meat production are promising.

Quality of the carcass and organs of chicken fed with two different insects meals

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
M.I. Amobi ◽  
C.I. Ebenebe
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The influence of insect protein origins on broiler chicken meat parameters were studied using 135 day old Arbor acre birds subjected to three dietary treatments: Diet A comprised of a standard feed of the brand name ‘vital feed’ containing fishmeal as the major protein source (control), while Diet B and Diet C contained insect meal from African palm weevil larvae (Rhynchophorus phoenicis), respectively, winged termite (Macrotermes bellicosus) as replacement for fishmeal. Forty five broiler chicks were randomly assigned to each of the dietary treatments at the rate of fifteen chicks per replicate making three replicates per treatment in a completely randomised design. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. During this period, the birds were housed in similar cages and subjected to similar husbandry and sanitation practices, such that the only source of variation was the dietary treatments. After eight weeks of the experiment, carcass quality and organ weight measurements were analysed using appropriate statistical analysis. The result obtained showed that the broiler chickens fed insect meals performed significantly (P<0.05) better in terms of live weight gain (2,200.85±64.23 g and 2,046±58.40 g for Diet B and Diet C) compared to control. Carcass quality relating to defeathered weight and eviscerated weight also followed a similar trend with Diet B (2,187.74±62.72 g and 1,788.93±70.70 g), Diet C (2,015.83±74.62 g and 1,466.97±100.05 g), and Diet A (control; 1,526.47±47.40 g and 1,240.30±64.53 g). The records of cut-up parts and organ weight measurements were also significantly different (P<0.05) for the birds on insect meal (Diet B and Diet C) than those on fishmeal based diet (Diet A). The result showed that insect meal can effectively serve as a major source of protein in poultry feed formulation.

scholarly journals Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and metabolisable energy value in grains for broilers

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. PERTTILÄ ◽  
J. VALAJA ◽  
T. JALAVA
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Feed Protein ◽  
Digestible Amino Acids

Using ileal digestible amino acids in feed optimising will intensify feed protein utilizing and decrease nitrogen excretion to the environment. The study determined the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) coefficients of amino acids in barley, wheat, oats, triticale, maize, and dehulled oats in the diets of 180 Ross broiler chickens (aged 24–35 days). The birds were fed semi-purified diets that contained grain as the sole protein source and chromium-mordanted straw as an indigestible marker. The AID coefficients of the nutrients were assessed using the slaughter technique, and the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) was determined using total excreta collection. The ileal digestibility of the dry matter and organic matter were the highest in maize. The AME of maize was higher than that of other cereals. The ileal digestibility of crude protein was higher in wheat than that in barley, oats and dehulled oats. The AME of wheat was similar to that of barley and oats but lower than that of triticale and dehulled oats. The amino acid AID was highest in wheat (0.86) and triticale (0.85) and lowest in oats (0.79) and barley 0.77). The average amino acid AID was 0.81 in dehulled oats. The threonine AID was the same in all tested ingredients. The lysine, methionine, and cystine AID coefficients were 0.81, 0.79, and 0.71 respectively for barley; 0.86, 0.84, and 0.38 respectively for oats; 0.87, 0.86, and 0.53 respectively for dehulled oats; 0.84, 0.90, and 0.66 respectively for maize; 0.89, 0.88, and 0.77 respectively for triticale; and 0.87, 0.85, and 0.71 respectively for wheat. Results indicated that AME –values of domestic grains (barley, oats and wheat) are in the same level. Especially, low AME value of wheat needs further investigation.;

scholarly journals Protein and energy relationships in the broiler chicken

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Rosebrough ◽  
J. P. McMurtry
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Relationships ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

Male broiler chickens growing from 7 to 35d were fed on a diet containing 150g crude protein (N × 6·25)/kg diet supplemented with lysine to equal that in diets containing 166, 183 and 200g crude protein/kg diet (Expt 1). A second group of male broiler chickens growing over the same period were fed on a diet containing 120g crude protein/kg supplemented with lysine, arginine, tryptophan, threonine and isoleucine equal to that in diets containing 144, 172 and 200g crude protein/kg diet (Expt 2). Growth was improved by lysine supplementation but not to the level attained by feeding 200g crude protein/kg (Expt 1). Lysine, arginine, tryptophan, threonine and isoleucine supplementation of a low-protein diet also improved growth, but growth again fell short of that attained by feeding a diet containing 200g crude protein/kg. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 and thyroxine concentrations increased and triiodothyronine decreased as the crude protein level increased from 150 to 200g/kg diet. Supplemental lysine did not affect plasma levels of these hormones. Although dietary crude protein levels noticeably changed rates ofin vitrolipogenesis, changing either the level of a single limiting amino acid or the levels of several limiting amino acids did not change lipogenesis.

Dietary amino acids affect intestinal Clostridium perfringens populations in broiler chickens

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryl C Wilkie ◽  
Andrew G Van Kessel ◽  
Lisa J White ◽  
Bernard Laarveld ◽  
Murray D Drew
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Potato Protein ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Meat Bone Meal

An experiment was performed to examine the effect of protein source and dietary amino acid profile on intestinal levels of C. perfringens in broiler chickens. Broiler chickens (age = 14 d; n = 192) were fed diets containing 400 g kg-1 crude protein with fish meal, meat/bone meal, feather meal, corn gluten meal, soy protein concentrate, pea protein concentrate, or potato protein concentrate as the primary protein source along with a control diet containing 230 g kg-1 crude protein. The birds were orally inoculated daily, with 1 mL (~1.0 × 108 CFU mL-1) of an overnight culture of C. perfringens between 14 and 21 d of age, killed at 28 d of age and C. perfringens numbers in ileum and cecum were enumerated. Birds fed fish meal, meat/bone meal, feather meal and potato protein concentrate had significantly higher intestinal C. perfringens counts than the birds fed corn gluten meal, soy or pea protein concentrates or the control diet (P < 0.05). The glycine content of the diets and ileal contents was significantly, positively correlated with C. perfringens numbers in ileum and cecum. Dietary glycine may be an important factor in the intestinal overgrowth of C. perfringens in broiler chickens. Key words: Clostridium perfringens, broiler chicken, amino acid, glycine, necrotic enteritis

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