scholarly journals Effects of the Trichothecene Mycotoxin Diacetoxyscirpenol on Feed Consumption, Body Weight, and Oral Lesions of Broiler Breeders

2000 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 856-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brake ◽  
P.B. Hamilton ◽  
R.S. Kittrell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Broiler Breeders ◽  
Trichothecene Mycotoxin

SPENT CANOLA OIL BLEACHING CLAYS: POTENTIAL FOR TREATMENT OF T-2 TOXICOSIS IN RATS AND SHORT-TERM INCLUSION IN DIETS FOR IMMATURE SWINE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Trichothecene Mycotoxin ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Growth Depression

Experiments were conducted to determine the potential for spent vegetable oil bleaching clays to overcome growth depression and feed refusal caused by T-2 toxin, a Fusarium trichothecene mycotoxin. Rats were fed spent canola oil bleaching clays at 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% of the diet with and without 3 mg T-2 toxin per kilogram of feed. The bleaching clays largely overcame depressions in body weight and feed consumption caused by T-2 toxin over the 2-wk experiment. Feeding defatted clay at levels corresponding to the levels fed in the first experiment produced similar results while feeding residual oil had very little effect. Feeding spent bentonite produced the same results except that the residual oils were slightly more effective at overcoming T-2 toxicosis than the residual canola oil. Rats were than fed the same levels of spent canola oil bleaching clays for 2 wk and were orally dosed with [3H] T-2 toxin. The fraction of the dose excreted in feces rose consistently with the level of spent canola oil bleaching clays but these increases were not statistically significant. In a final experiment, 48 barrows were fed 0, 5 and 10% spent canola oil bleaching clays for 17 days. Growth and feed consumption were not affected by the level fed. It was concluded that spent canola oil bleaching clays can be used to lessen feed refusal due to T-2 toxin in rat diets. This produce can also be fed to growing swine for short periods without affecting performance. Key words: Rats, swine, T-2 toxin, canola oil, bentonite, clay

Evaluation of unconventional poultry feed in broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Group I ◽  
Unconventional Feed

Background: Commercial broiler is a rapidly growing sector in Bangladesh. The broilers are supplied with the balanced ration prepared from a number of ingredients which are not available uniformly throughout the years. On the other hands, manufactured feeds are costly and inconvenient for the rural farmers. This study is undertaken to use unconventional feed ingredients aiming to decrease the broiler production cost. Method: A total of ninety-nine day- old broiler chicks (Hubbard) of either sex were used in this study in 3 treatment groups to assess processed unconventional feed item (shoti, blood meal, poultry dropping and molasses) on growth and profitability upon rearing for 60 days. Broilers were reared in dip litter system and were fed ad libitum on conventional and unconventional diet dividing into 3 treatment diets namely, treatment diet 1 (T1: Conventional as control), treatment diet 2 (T2: unconventional with blood meal and shoti), and treatment diet 3 (T3: unconventional with blood meal, shoti, poultry droppings and molasses) throughout the trial period. Treatment group 1 (T1) was used as control. Results: Broilers fed on control diet (conventional feed) achieved higher (P<0.01) body weight, while the broilers offered diets with the highest amount of unconventional feed had the lowest body weight. Increased (P<0.01) feed intake was observed during 21days and 49 days of age when broilers fed diets with the supplementation, but no significant differences were found among the groups in terms of feed consumption during 33 day of age. FCR differed significantly (P<.01) throughout the trial period with the broilers fed diets without supplementation of unconventional feed item had the superior FCR than the others. Mortality rate was 6.06%,9.09%, and 9.09% in treatment group I, treatment group II, and treatment group III respectively while live weights, feed conversion and feed consumption was unaffected by all the dietary groups with/without incorporation of unconventional feed item up to day 60 days of age. Statistically significant (P<0.01) decreased live weight was observed among the treatment groups in 60-day-old birds. Productivity and cost-benefit analysis were performed. Conclusion: Use of unconventional feed ingredients in broiler production greatly reduces the feed cost with little hampering the growth rate and hence, it is profitable for the farmers.

THE EFFECT OF (Morinda citrifolia L.) MEAL IN DIET ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Yosi Fenita
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

The objective of the research was to evaluate to effect of feeding mengkudu on performances of broilers. The research design used was completely randomized design. One hundred broilers were distributed into five treatments. The treatments were different levels of mengkudu meal (0, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25 % and 3%). The observed measured were feed consumption, average body weight (gain) and feed conversion. Results showed that feeding mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L.)  no effect significant (P>0.05) on feed consumption, average body weight and feed conversion.  In conclusion, feeding mengkudu meal up to 3% (in diet) does not negatively affect feed consumption, average body weight, and feed conversion.

scholarly journals The Effects of Feed Color on Broiler Performance between Day 1 and 21

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1511
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Gulizia ◽  
Kevin M. Downs
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

Two trials were conducted to determine feed color effects on broiler performance. A completely randomized design was used. Trial 1 included four treatments: control (complete broiler starter diet), red, green, and blue; and Trial 2 included four treatments: control, orange, yellow, and purple. Each trial had 4 treatments with 4 replicates (60 birds/treatment) fed to 240 male Cobb 500 broilers during a 21 d grow out. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure. In Trial 1, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, body weight gain, and feed consumption (p > 0.05). Adjusted feed conversion for control (1.23) was less than red (1.27; p = 0.001) and green (1.26; p = 0.009), with blue (1.25; p = 0.056) tending to be different during the experimental period. In Trial 2, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, feed consumption, and adjusted feed conversion during this study (p > 0.05). Body weight gain between d 1 to 14 for purple (490.78 g/bird) was more than orange (467 g/bird; p = 0.013) and yellow (461 g/bird; p= 0.004), with control (474 g/bird; p = 0.052) tending to be different. Results indicate that these feed colors had some, albeit limited, influence on broiler performance parameters.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Halloysite Supplementation on the Performance of Broiler Chickens and Broiler House Environmental Parameters

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2040
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Nadziakiewicz ◽  
Marcin Wojciech Lis ◽  
Piotr Micek
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Broiler House

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of supplementing broiler chickens’ diets with halloysite on daily body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), daily water consumption (DWC), and some broiler house hygiene parameters. The trial was conducted on 18,000 broiler chickens divided into two groups throughout the 42-day (D) rearing period. The birds were fed complete diets without (group C) or with halloysite addition (1%, group E) from D8 of rearing. No difference in the mortality rate was observed between groups C and E. Birds from group E had a tendency (0.05 < p < 0.10) towards a higher body weight at D32 and D42, a higher BWG, and a lower FCR compared to group C during the entire rearing period. Average DWC differed only in the finisher period, with a tendency towards lower overall DWC in group E. The concentration of ammonia in the air from D21 to D35 was increased more than 5-fold in group C but only 1.5-fold in group E. In conclusion, the use of halloysite as a feed additive in the diet of broiler chickens resulted in a reduction in feed consumption per unit of BWG and higher utilisation of crude protein, which led to improved environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Optical Characterization of Alternaria spp. Contaminated Wheat Grain and Its Influence in Early Broilers Nutrition on Oxidative Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4005
Author(s):  
Nikola Puvača ◽  
Snežana Tanasković ◽  
Vojislava Bursić ◽  
Aleksandra Petrović ◽  
Jordan Merkuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Color Properties ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The aim of this research was the visual characterization and investigating the effects of Alternaria spp. contaminated wheat grains in the starter stage of broilers nutrition on productive parameters and oxidative stress. The research was divided into two phases. Bunches of wheat in post-harvest period of year 2020 was collected from a various locality in Serbia and Albania. In the first phase, collected samples were visual characterized by Alternaria spp. presence by color measurement methods. Gained results are conferred in the range of the color properties of grain color properties of Alternaria toxins. Wheat grain samples were significantly different (p < 0.05) in terms of all measured color parameters (L*, a*, b*). Classification of field fungi in analyzed wheat grain samples showed that the significant field fungi were Rhizopus spp., followed by Alternaria spp., and Fusarium spp. In the second phase, biological tests with chickens were carried out during the broiler chickens’ dietary starter period in the first 14th days of age. At the beginning of the experiment, a total of 180-day-old Ross 308 strain broilers were equally distributed into three dietary treatments, with four replicates each. Dietary treatments in the experiments were as follows: basal diet without visual contamination of Alternaria spp. with 25% wheat (A1), a basal diet with visual contamination of Alternaria spp. with 25% wheat from Serbia (A2), basal diet with visual contamination of Alternaria spp. with 25% wheat from Albania (A3). The trial with chickens lasted for 14 days. After the first experimental week, wheat infected with Alternaria spp. in treatment A2 and A3 expressed adverse effects. The highest body weight of chickens of 140.40 g was recorded in broilers on control treatment A1 with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to treatments A2 (137.32 g) and A3 (135.35 g). At the end of the second week of test period, a statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference in body weight of broiler chickens could be noticed. The highest body weight of 352.68 g was recorded in control treatment A1, with statistically significant differences compared to other Alternaria spp. treatments. The lowest body weight of chickens was recorded in treatment A3 (335.93 g). Results of feed consumption and feed conversion ratio showed some numerical differences between treatments but without any statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). Alternaria spp. contaminated diet increased glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and decreased peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) serum levels, respectively. Built on the achieved results, it can be concluded that the wheat contaminated with Alternaria spp. in broilers nutrition negatively affected growth, decreased oxidative protection and interrupted chicken welfare in the first period of life.

PERFORMANCE OF DWARF BROILER BREEDERS IN LAYING CAGES AND FLOOR PENS AND OF NORMAL BREEDERS IN FLOOR PENS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. STRAIN ◽  
A. P. PILOSKI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Breeders ◽  
Feed Costs

Dwarf broiler breeders in single-bird cages (DC), in floor pens (DF) and normal broiler breeders in floor pens (NF) were compared for their own and their offspring’s performance. No differences were observed in rate of egg production at 147–329 days of age between the NF and DF birds (48 vs. 47%) whereas the DC birds laid at the rate of 40%. Hen-housed egg numbers for the same period followed the same general pattern (NF, 81; DF, 82; DC, 70 eggs/bird). DF and DC birds consumed less feed per dozen eggs than the NF birds (3.4 vs. 4.3 kg/doz). Egg weights in the early part of the production cycle were not significantly different among the groups but at 294 days of age the normal birds laid larger eggs than the dwarfs (65 vs. 62 g). Dwarfs in cages reached 50% production earlier than the DF or NF birds. Female offspring from the three groups grew at the same rate and weighed 1.7 kg at 56 days of age but there were significant differences in feed conversion (NF, 2.46; DF, 2.43; DC, 2.53 kg/kg body weight produced). Male offspring had small but not statistically significant differences in body weight at 56 days (NF, 2.16; DF, 2.12; DC, 2.09 kg) or feed conversion (NF, 2.30; DF, 2.29; DC, 2.34 kg/kg body weight). Mortality in the offspring ranged from 2.7 to 9.2% but did not differ significantly. Income over feed costs per broiler started did not differ from the three groups regardless of the meat price – feed price combination considered. However, when profit was computed on a breeder hen basis, the DF females were more profitable than either the NF or DC females.

scholarly journals Effect of light emitting diodes with different color temperatures on immune responses and growth performance of male broiler

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Sharideh ◽  
Mojtaba Zaghari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
White Light ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Warm White Light ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Different Color

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the different color temperatures (Kelvin; K) of the light emitting diodes (LEDs) on broiler chicken health and growth performance compared to incandescent (ICD) light bulbs. Three hundred and sixty one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were tested for 42 days. The chicks were randomly distributed into three treatment groups [neutral-white (4,286 K), warm-white (2,990 K), and ICD (2,790 K) light bulbs] of 120 chicks/treatment with six replicates each by adopting complete randomized design. The diets were similar for all treatment groups. The live body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated (weekly and whole period). Indices of humoral immunity [antisheep red blood cell (SRBC) titer, IgG, and IgM at 26 and 34 days of age], Newcastle disease (ND) virus and avian influenza (AI) virus antibody at 40 days of age, cell-mediated immunity [cutaneous basophilic hyper-sensitivity (CBH) response at 41 days of age)] as well as total and differential leukocyte numbers at 42 days of age) were measured. Effects of different color temperatures of the LEDs and ICD light bulbs on body weight, feed consumption, and FCR were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Also, the effect of color temperatures of light on secondary titers of SRBC, AI antibody response, CBH response, the total number of leukocytes and percentage of lymphocytes were not significant. However, the different color temperatures of LEDs have a significant effect on primary SRBC and ND antibody titers (P≤0.05). The highest primary SRBC (P≤0.05) and ND (P≤0.05) antibody titers were observed in warm-white light. It was concluded that based on the 3 color temperatures examined, it seems that the most suitable to provide the optimum level of immunity and energy-saving in commercial broiler houses is warm-white light.

scholarly journals Geo-Assessment of Chemical Composition and Nutritional Evaluation of Moringa oleifera Seeds in Nutrition of Broilers

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Annongu ◽  
O. R. Karim ◽  
A. A. Toye ◽  
F. E. Sola-Ojo ◽  
R. M. O. Kayode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Inclusion Level

Chemical composition of Moringa oleifera seeds obtained from the middle belt of Nigeria, Benue State, was determined and the seed was blended to form a seed meal. The Moringa oleifera Seed Meal, MOSM was included in diets at graded levels of 2.50, 5.00 and 7.50% and the dietary performance of the broiler chicks on the test diets was compared with that of a corn-soy reference diet. Results on the chemical/nutritional composition of MOSM showed that the full-fat seeds contained (%) on proximate basis, reasonable concentration of 90.38 dry matter, 25.37 crude protein, 14.16 crude fat, 4.03 mineral matter, 30.64 crude fiber, 25.80 soluble carbohydrate and 5.79 kcal/g gross energy. Analyses also gave appreciable quantities of the water and fat soluble vitamins, macro - and micro-minerals. Feeding chicks with the seed meal at graded levels in diets resulted in decrease in feed intake and body weight gain as the inclusion level increased in diets relative to the conventional diet (p < 0.05). Reduction in feed consumption could be attributed to the full-fat nature of the seed meal used which might have imparted extra-caloric effect in the test diets and slowed digestion and absorption as the analyzed nutrients content of diets. A higher ether extract value on Moringa based diets relative to the control diet was obtained. Phytochemical composition of Moringa namely phenols including tannins, saponins, phytate, cyanogenic glucoside, glucosinolates and other numerous chemical constituents affected the body weight of the chicks negatively with increasing dietary MOSM. Decrease in weight gain following increase in dietary seed meal could also be due to decrease in feed intake as a result of the bitter taste of alkaloids, saponins, acting in concert with the other Moringa phytotoxins in test diets. Survival rate (100%) was not affected indicating that the level of highest inclusion in this study (7.50%) was not fatal to the experimental animal models. Further research is progressing to ascertain the highest inclusion level possible to elicit fatality and attempts to detoxify or treat the seed meal before feeding to animals.

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