scholarly journals Mechanism of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in Chronic Pain

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S6-S12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Lin ◽  
Akshat Gargya ◽  
Harmandeep Singh ◽  
Eellan Sivanesan ◽  
Amitabh Gulati
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Gate Control Theory ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Gate Control ◽  
Chronic Pain Conditions

Abstract Introduction With the advancement of technology, peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has been increasingly used to treat various chronic pain conditions. Its origin is based on the gate control theory postulated by Wall and Melzack in 1965. However, the exact mechanism behind PNS’ analgesic effect is largely unknown. In this article, we performed a comprehensive literature review to overview the PNS mechanism of action. Design A comprehensive literature review on the mechanism of PNS in chronic pain. Methods Comprehensive review of the available literature on the mechanism of PNS in chronic pain. Data were derived from database searches of PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library and manual searches of bibliographies and known primary or review articles. Results Animal, human, and imaging studies have demonstrated the peripheral and central analgesic mechanisms of PNS by modulating the inflammatory pathways, the autonomic nervous system, the endogenous pain inhibition pathways, and involvement of the cortical and subcortical areas. Conclusions Peripheral nerve stimulation exhibits its neuromodulatory effect both peripherally and centrally. Further understanding of the mechanism of PNS can help guide stimulation approaches and parameters to optimize the use of PNS.

Peripheral nerve stimulation in the treatment of intractable pain

1976 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 692-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Campbell ◽  
Donlin M. Long
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Intractable Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chronic Pain Conditions ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Trauma

✓ Peripheral nerve stimulating devices were implanted for pain control in 33 patients with a variety of disabling chronic pain conditions, which had persisted despite usual medical and surgical therapy. The implants were placed on major nerves innervating the area of the patient's pain. Records were obtained of each patient's stated relief from pain produced by nerve stimulation, along with assessments of narcotic withdrawal, ability to return to work, sleep pattern, and relief from depression. Based on these five criteria 17 patients were judged to be treatment failures, while eight patients had excellent results, and seven had intermediate results. Twelve of the failures were in patients with either low back pain with sciatica, or pain from metastatic disease. The most dramatic successes occurred in patients with peripheral nerve trauma. The incidence of complications has been low, and two patients have used the stimulator for 5 years without adverse effects. Techniques of peripheral stimulator implantation, possible mechanisms of action, and conclusions regarding peripheral nerve stimulation in the treatment of chronic pain are discussed.

scholarly journals Current Innovations in Peripheral Nerve Stimulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Nayak ◽  
Ratan K. Banik
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Intractable Pain ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Pulse Generators ◽  
Cranial Neuralgias ◽  
Chronic Pain Conditions

Peripheral nerve stimulation has been used in the treatment of several chronic pain conditions including pain due to peripheral nerve dysfunctions, complex regional pain syndrome, and cranial neuralgias. It has been shown to be effective for chronic, intractable pain that is refractory to conventional therapies such as physical therapy, medications, transcutaneous electrical stimulations, and nerve blocks. Recently, a new generation of peripheral nerve stimulation devices has been developed; these allow external pulse generators to transmit impulses wirelessly to the implanted electrode, and their implantation is significantly less invasive. In this review, we discuss the history, pathophysiology, indications, implantation process, and outcomes of employing peripheral nerve stimulation to treat chronic pain conditions.

scholarly journals Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review of Effectiveness and Safety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Standiford Helm ◽  
Nikita Shirsat ◽  
Aaron Calodney ◽  
Alaa Abd-Elsayed ◽  
David Kloth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation

scholarly journals Percutaneous 60-day peripheral nerve stimulation implant provides sustained relief of chronic pain following amputation: 12-month follow-up of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A Gilmore ◽  
Brian M Ilfeld ◽  
Joshua M Rosenow ◽  
Sean Li ◽  
Mehul J Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

IntroductionPeripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has historically been used to treat chronic pain, but generally requires implantation of a permanent system for sustained relief. A recent study found that a 60-day PNS treatment decreases post-amputation pain, and the current work investigates longer-term outcomes out to 12 months in the same cohort.MethodsAs previously reported, 28 traumatic lower extremity amputees with residual and/or phantom limb pain were randomized to receive 8 weeks of PNS (group 1) or 4 weeks of placebo followed by a crossover 4 weeks of PNS (group 2). Percutaneous leads were implanted under ultrasound guidance targeting the femoral and sciatic nerves. During follow-up, changes in average pain and pain interference were assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory–Short Form and comparing with baseline.ResultsSignificantly more participants in group 1 reported ≥50% reductions in average weekly pain at 12 months (67%, 6/9) compared with group 2 at the end of the placebo period (0%, 0/14, p=0.001). Similarly, 56% (5/9) of participants in group 1 reported ≥50% reductions in pain interference at 12 months, compared with 2/13 (15%, p=0.074) in group 2 at crossover. Reductions in depression were also statistically significantly greater at 12 months in group 1 compared with group 2 at crossover.ConclusionsThis work suggests that percutaneous PNS delivered over a 60-day period may provide significant carry-over effects including pain relief, potentially avoiding the need for a permanently implanted system while enabling improved function in patients with chronic pain.Trial registration numberNCT01996254.

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