scholarly journals Distinct Characteristics of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Phenylacetic Acid, Two Common Auxins in Plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1641-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoko Sugawara ◽  
Kiyoshi Mashiguchi ◽  
Keita Tanaka ◽  
Shojiro Hishiyama ◽  
Tatsuya Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

scholarly journals Ruminal bioshynthesis of aromatic amino acids from arylacetic acids, glucose, shikimic acid and phenol

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid ◽  
Arylacetic Acids ◽  
First Time ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

1. Ruminal metabolism of labelled phenylacetic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, glucose, shikimic acid, phenol, and serine was studied in vitro by short-term incubation with special reference to incorporation rates into aromatic amino acids.2. Earlier reports on reductive carboxylation of phenylacetic acid and indole-3-acetic acid in the rumen were confirmed and the formation of tyrosine from 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid was demonstrated for the first time.3. The amount of phenylalanine synthesized from phenylacetic acid was estimated to be 2 mg/1 rumen contents per 24 h, whereas the amount synthesized from glucose might be eight times as great, depending on diet.4. Shikimic acid was a poor precursor of the aromatic amino acids, presumably owing to its slow entry into rumen bacteria.5. A slow conversion of phenol into tyrosine was observed.

scholarly journals UDP-glucosyltransferase UGT84B1 regulates the levels of indole-3-acetic acid and phenylacetic acid in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 532 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-250
Author(s):  
Yuki Aoi ◽  
Hayao Hira ◽  
Yuya Hayakawa ◽  
Hongquan Liu ◽  
Kosuke Fukui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

scholarly journals Indole-3-Acetic Acid Produced by Burkholderia heleia Acts as a Phenylacetic Acid Antagonist to Disrupt Tropolone Biosynthesis in Burkholderia plantarii

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengcen Wang ◽  
Seiji Tachibana ◽  
Yuta Murai ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Sharon Yu Ling Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Phenyl Group ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Quorum Quenching ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Abstract Burkholderia heleia PAK1-2 is a potent biocontrol agent isolated from rice rhizosphere, as it prevents bacterial rice seedling blight disease caused by Burkholderia plantarii. Here, we isolated a non-antibacterial metabolite from the culture fluid of B. heleia PAK1-2 that was able to suppress B. plantarii virulence and subsequently identified as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). IAA suppressed the production of tropolone in B. plantarii in a dose-dependent manner without any antibacterial and quorum quenching activity, suggesting that IAA inhibited steps of tropolone biosynthesis. Consistent with this, supplementing cultures of B. plantarii with either L-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine or [ring-2H2~5]phenylacetic acid revealed that phenylacetic acid (PAA), which is the dominant metabolite during the early growth stage, is a direct precursor of tropolone. Exposure of B. plantarii to IAA suppressed production of both PAA and tropolone. These data particularly showed that IAA produced by B. heleia PAK1-2 disrupts tropolone production during bioconversion of PAA to tropolone via the ring-rearrangement on the phenyl group of the precursor to attenuate the virulence of B. plantarii. B. heleia PAK1-2 is thus likely a microbial community coordinating bacterium in rhizosphere ecosystems, which never eliminates phytopathogens but only represses production of phytotoxins or bacteriocidal substances.

scholarly journals GH3 Auxin-Amido Synthetases Alter the Ratio of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Phenylacetic Acid in Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Aoi ◽  
Keita Tanaka ◽  
Sam David Cook ◽  
Ken-Ichiro Hayashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Kasahara
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Polar Movement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metabolite Quantification ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Abstract Auxin is the first discovered plant hormone and is essential for many aspects of plant growth and development. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the main auxin and plays pivotal roles in intercellular communication through polar auxin transport. Phenylacetic acid (PAA) is another natural auxin that does not show polar movement. Although a wide range of species have been shown to produce PAA, its biosynthesis, inactivation and physiological significance in plants are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that overexpression of the CYP79A2 gene, which is involved in benzylglucosinolate synthesis, remarkably increased the levels of PAA and enhanced lateral root formation in Arabidopsis. This coincided with a significant reduction in the levels of IAA. The results from auxin metabolite quantification suggest that the PAA-dependent induction of GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) genes, which encode auxin-amido synthetases, promote the inactivation of IAA. Similarly, an increase in IAA synthesis, via the indole-3-acetaldoxime pathway, significantly reduced the levels of PAA. The same adjustment of IAA and PAA levels was also observed by applying each auxin to wild-type plants. These results show that GH3 auxin-amido synthetases can alter the ratio of IAA and PAA in plant growth and development.

scholarly journals Azospirillum brasilense Produces the Auxin-Like Phenylacetic Acid by Using the Key Enzyme for Indole-3-Acetic Acid Biosynthesis

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1803-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Somers ◽  
D. Ptacek ◽  
P. Gysegom ◽  
M. Srinivasan ◽  
J. Vanderleyden
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Pyruvate Decarboxylase ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Minimal Growth ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

ABSTRACT An antimicrobial compound was isolated from Azospirillum brasilense culture extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography and further identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as the auxin-like molecule, phenylacetic acid (PAA). PAA synthesis was found to be mediated by the indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase, previously identified as a key enzyme in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production in A. brasilense. In minimal growth medium, PAA biosynthesis by A. brasilense was only observed in the presence of phenylalanine (or precursors thereof). This observation suggests deamination of phenylalanine, decarboxylation of phenylpyruvate, and subsequent oxidation of phenylacetaldehyde as the most likely pathway for PAA synthesis. Expression analysis revealed that transcription of the ipdC gene is upregulated by PAA, as was previously described for IAA and synthetic auxins, indicating a positive feedback regulation. The synthesis of PAA by A. brasilense is discussed in relation to previously reported biocontrol properties of A. brasilense.

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