scholarly journals PLEIOTROPIC REGULATORY LOCUS 2 exhibits unequal genetic redundancy with its homolog PRL1

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1617-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabea Weihmann ◽  
Kristoffer Palma ◽  
Yukino Nitta ◽  
Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Redundancy ◽  
Regulatory Locus

scholarly journals Combinatorial CRISPR screen identifies fitness effects of gene paralogues

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola A. Thompson ◽  
Marco Ranzani ◽  
Louise van der Weyden ◽  
Vivek Iyer ◽  
Victoria Offord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Unknown Function ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Genetic Redundancy ◽  
Synthetic Lethal ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Synthetic Lethal Interactions ◽  
Crispr Screen ◽  
Multiple Cell

AbstractGenetic redundancy has evolved as a way for human cells to survive the loss of genes that are single copy and essential in other organisms, but also allows tumours to survive despite having highly rearranged genomes. In this study we CRISPR screen 1191 gene pairs, including paralogues and known and predicted synthetic lethal interactions to identify 105 gene combinations whose co-disruption results in a loss of cellular fitness. 27 pairs influence fitness across multiple cell lines including the paralogues FAM50A/FAM50B, two genes of unknown function. Silencing of FAM50B occurs across a range of tumour types and in this context disruption of FAM50A reduces cellular fitness whilst promoting micronucleus formation and extensive perturbation of transcriptional programmes. Our studies reveal the fitness effects of FAM50A/FAM50B in cancer cells.

scholarly journals Two Putative RNA-Binding Proteins Function with Unequal Genetic Redundancy in the MOS4-Associated Complex

2010 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 1783-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Monaghan ◽  
Fang Xu ◽  
Shaohua Xu ◽  
Yuelin Zhang ◽  
Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Genetic Redundancy

scholarly journals Depletion of Undecaprenyl Pyrophosphate Phosphatases Disrupts Cell Envelope Biogenesis in Bacillus subtilis

2016 ◽  
Vol 198 (21) ◽  
pp. 2925-2935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Zhao ◽  
Yingjie Sun ◽  
Jason M. Peters ◽  
Carol A. Gross ◽  
Ethan C. Garner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Lethal Gene ◽  
Genetic Redundancy ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lipid Ii

ABSTRACTThe integrity of the bacterial cell envelope is essential to sustain life by countering the high turgor pressure of the cell and providing a barrier against chemical insults. InBacillus subtilis, synthesis of both peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acids requires a common C55lipid carrier, undecaprenyl-pyrophosphate (UPP), to ferry precursors across the cytoplasmic membrane. The synthesis and recycling of UPP requires a phosphatase to generate the monophosphate form Und-P, which is the substrate for peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid synthases. Using an optimizedclusteredregularlyinterspacedshortpalindromicrepeat (CRISPR) system with catalytically inactive (“dead”)CRISPR-associated protein9(dCas9)-based transcriptional repression system (CRISPR interference [CRISPRi]), we demonstrate thatB. subtilisrequires either of two UPP phosphatases, UppP or BcrC, for viability. We show that a third predicted lipid phosphatase (YodM), with homology to diacylglycerol pyrophosphatases, can also support growth when overexpressed. Depletion of UPP phosphatase activity leads to morphological defects consistent with a failure of cell envelope synthesis and strongly activates the σM-dependent cell envelope stress response, includingbcrC, which encodes one of the two UPP phosphatases. These results highlight the utility of an optimized CRISPRi system for the investigation of synthetic lethal gene pairs, clarify the nature of theB. subtilisUPP-Pase enzymes, and provide further evidence linking the σMregulon to cell envelope homeostasis pathways.IMPORTANCEThe emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens is of critical concern and motivates efforts to develop new therapeutics and increase the utility of those already in use. The lipid II cycle is one of the most frequently targeted processes for antibiotics and has been intensively studied. Despite these efforts, some steps have remained poorly defined, partly due to genetic redundancy. CRISPRi provides a powerful tool to investigate the functions of essential genes and sets of genes. Here, we used an optimized CRISPRi system to demonstrate functional redundancy of two UPP phosphatases that are required for the conversion of the initially synthesized UPP lipid carrier to Und-P, the substrate for the synthesis of the initial lipid-linked precursors in peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid synthesis.

The maize GapC4 promoter confers anaerobic reporter gene expression and shows homology to the maize anthocyanin regulatory locus C1

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1293-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe K�hler ◽  
Marie-Fran�oise Liaud ◽  
Ralf R. Mendel ◽  
R�diger Cerff ◽  
Reinhard Hehl
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Reporter Gene Expression ◽  
Regulatory Locus

Development and Molecular Genetics of Marchantia polymorpha

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Kohchi ◽  
Katsuyuki T. Yamato ◽  
Kimitsune Ishizaki ◽  
Shohei Yamaoka ◽  
Ryuichi Nishihama
Keyword(s):  
Model Organism ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Marchantia Polymorpha ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Genetic Redundancy ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Evo Devo ◽  
Basal Position

Bryophytes occupy a basal position in the monophyletic evolution of land plants and have a life cycle in which the gametophyte generation dominates over the sporophyte generation, offering a significant advantage in conducting genetics. Owing to its low genetic redundancy and the availability of an array of versatile molecular tools, including efficient genome editing, the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha has become a model organism of choice that provides clues to the mechanisms underlying eco-evo-devo biology in plants. Recent analyses of developmental mutants have revealed that key genes in developmental processes are functionally well conserved in plants, despite their morphological differences, and that lineage-specific evolution occurred by neo/subfunctionalization of common ancestral genes. We suggest that M. polymorpha is an excellent platform to uncover the conserved and diversified mechanisms underlying land plant development. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 72 is May 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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