scholarly journals Quantitative Proteome and PTMome Analysis of Arabidopsis Thaliana Root Responses to Persistent Osmotic and Salinity Stress.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Rodriguez ◽  
D Mehta ◽  
M Tan ◽  
R G Uhrig
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Lysine Acetylation ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Proteome Level

ABSTRACT Abiotic stresses such as drought result in large annual economic losses around the world. As sessile organisms, plants cannot escape the environmental stresses they encounter, but instead must adapt to survive. Studies investigating plant responses to osmotic and/or salt stress have largely focused on short-term systemic responses, leaving our understanding of intermediate to longer-term adaptation (24 h - days) lacking. In addition to protein abundance and phosphorylation changes, evidence suggests reversible lysine acetylation may also be important for abiotic stress responses. Therefore, to characterize the protein-level effects of osmotic and salt stress, we undertook a label-free proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana roots exposed to 300 mM Mannitol and 150 mM NaCl for 24 h. We assessed protein phosphorylation, lysine acetylation and changes in protein abundance, detecting significant changes in 245, 35 and 107 total proteins, respectively. Comparison with available transcriptome data indicates that transcriptome- and proteome-level changes occur in parallel, while PTMs do not. Further, we find significant changes in PTMs and protein abundance involve different proteins from the same networks, indicating a multifaceted regulatory approach to prolonged osmotic and salt stress. In particular, we find extensive protein-level changes involving sulphur metabolism under both osmotic and salt conditions as well as changes in protein kinases and transcription factors that may represent new targets for drought stress signaling. Collectively, we find that protein-level changes continue to occur in plant roots 24 h from the onset of osmotic and salt stress and that these changes differ across multiple proteome levels.

scholarly journals Quantitative proteome and PTMome analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana root responses to persistent osmotic and salinity stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC. Rodriguez ◽  
D Mehta ◽  
M Tan ◽  
RG Uhrig
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Stress Dependent

ABSTRACTEnvironmental conditions contributing to abiotic stress such as drought result in large annual economic losses around the world. As sessile organisms, plants cannot escape the environmental stresses they encounter, but instead must adapt to survive. Studies investigating plant responses to osmotic and/or salt stress have largely focused on short-term systemic responses, leaving our understanding of intermediate to longer-term adaptation (24 h - days), less well understood. In addition to protein abundance and phosphorylation changes, evidence suggests reversible protein acetylation may also be important for abiotic stress responses. Therefore, to characterize protein-level effects of osmotic and salt stress, we undertook a label-free proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana roots exposed to 300 mM Mannitol and 150 mM NaCl for 24 hours. We assessed protein phosphorylation, acetylation and changes in abundance, detecting significant changes in the status of 106, 66 and 447 proteins, respectively. Comparison with available transcriptome data from analogous treatments, indicate that transcriptome- and proteome-level changes occur in parallel. Furthermore, significant changes in abundance, phosphorylation and acetylation involve different proteins from the same networks, indicating a concerted, multifaceted regulatory approach to prolonged osmotic and/or salt stress. Lastly, our quantitative proteomic approach uncovered a new root elongation protein, Armadillo repeat protein 2 (ARO2), which exhibits a salt stress dependent phenotype. Collectively, our findings indicate dynamic protein-level changes continue to occur in plant roots 24 hours from the onset of osmotic and salt stress and that these changes differ across multiple levels of the proteome.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of CBL-CIPK Gene Family in Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) and Their Regulated Expression Under Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyao Huang ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Li ◽  
Qingxia Fu ◽  
Conglian Liang ◽  
Zhenhua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Protein Motifs ◽  
Insight Into

In plants, calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) are a unique group of Ca2+ sensors that decode Ca2+ signals by activating a family of plant-specific protein kinases known as CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). CBL-CIPK gene families and their interacting complexes are involved in regulating plant responses to various environmental stimuli. To gain insight into the functional divergence of CBL-CIPK genes in honeysuckle, a total of six LjCBL and 17 LjCIPK genes were identified. The phylogenetic analysis along with the gene structure analysis divided both CBL and CBL-interacting protein kinase genes into four subgroups and validated by the distribution of conserved protein motifs. The 3-D structure prediction of proteins shown that most LjCBLs shared the same Protein Data Bank hit 1uhnA and most LjCIPKs shared the 6c9Da. Analysis of cis-acting elements and gene ontology implied that both LjCBL and LjCIPK genes could be involved in hormone signal responsiveness and stress adaptation. Protein-protein interaction prediction suggested that LjCBL4 is hypothesized to interact with LjCIPK7/9/15/16 and SOS1/NHX1. Gene expression analysis in response to salinity stress revealed that LjCBL2/4, LjCIPK1/15/17 under all treatments gradually increased over time until peak expression at 72 h. These results demonstrated the conservation of salt overly sensitive pathway genes in honeysuckle and a model of Ca2+-LjCBL4/LjSOS3-LjCIPK16/LjSOS2 module-mediated salt stress signaling in honeysuckle is proposed. This study provides insight into the characteristics of the CBL-CIPK gene families involved in honeysuckle salt stress responses, which could serve as a foundation for gene transformation technology, to obtain highly salt-tolerant medicinal plants in the context of the global reduction of cultivated land.

Identification of novel candidate phosphatidic acid-binding proteins involved in the salt-stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana roots

2013 ◽  
Vol 450 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fionn McLoughlin ◽  
Steven A. Arisz ◽  
Henk L. Dekker ◽  
Gertjan Kramer ◽  
Chris G. de Koster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Phosphatidic Acid ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Lipid Binding ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Salt Stress Response

PA (phosphatidic acid) is a lipid second messenger involved in an array of processes occurring during a plant's life cycle. These include development, metabolism, and both biotic and abiotic stress responses. PA levels increase in response to salt, but little is known about its function in the earliest responses to salt stress. In the present study we have combined an approach to isolate peripheral membrane proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana roots with lipid-affinity purification, to identify putative proteins that interact with PA and are recruited to the membrane in response to salt stress. Of the 42 putative PA-binding proteins identified by MS, a set of eight new candidate PA-binding proteins accumulated at the membrane fraction after 7 min of salt stress. Among these were CHC (clathrin heavy chain) isoforms, ANTH (AP180 N-terminal homology) domain clathrin-assembly proteins, a putative regulator of potassium transport, two ribosomal proteins, GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and a PI (phosphatidylinositol) 4-kinase. PA binding and salt-induced membrane recruitment of GAPDH and CHC were confirmed by Western blot analysis of the cellular fractions. In conclusion, the approach of the present study is an effective way to isolate biologically relevant lipid-binding proteins and provides new leads in the study of PA-mediated salt-stress responses in roots.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Gene Expression Analyses in Different Poplar Clones: The Selection Tools for Afforestation of Halomorphic Environments

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Vladislava Galović ◽  
Marko Kebert ◽  
Boris M. Popović ◽  
Branislav Kovačević ◽  
Verica Vasić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Poplar Clones

Halomorphic soils cover a significant area in the Vojvodina region and represent ecological and economic challenges for agricultural and forestry sectors. In this study, four economically important Serbian poplar clones were compared according to their biochemical and transcriptomic responses towards mild and severe salt stress to select the most tolerant clones for afforestation of halomorphic soils. Three prospective clones of Populus deltoides (Bora-B229, Antonije-182/81 and PE19/66) and one of hybrid genetic background P. nigraxP. deltoides, e.g., P. x euramericana (Pannonia-M1) were hydroponically subjected to NaCl as a salt stress agent in a concentration range from 150 mM to 450 mM. Plant responses were measured at different time periods in the leaves. Biochemical response of poplar clones to salt stress was estimated by tracking several parameters such as different radical scavenging capacities (estimated by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays), accumulation of total phenolic content and flavonoids. Furthermore, accumulation of two osmolytes, glycine betaine and proline, were quantified. The genetic difference of those clones has been already shown by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) but this paper emphasized their differences regarding biochemical and transcriptomic salt stress responses. Five candidate genes, two putative poplar homologues of GRAS family TFs (PtGRAS17 and PtGRAS16), PtDREB2 of DREB family TFs and two abiotic stress-inducible genes (PtP5SC1, PtSOS1), were examined for their expression profiles. Results show that most salt stress-responsive genes were induced in clones M1 and PE19/66, thus showing they can tolerate salt environments with high concentrations and could be efficient in phytoremediation of salt environments. Clone M1 and PE19/66 has ABA-dependent mechanisms expressing the PtP5CS1 gene while clone 182/81 could regulate the expression of the same gene by ABA-independent pathway. To improve salt tolerance in poplar, two putative GRAS/SCL TFs and PtDREB2 gene seem to be promising candidates for genetic engineering of salt-tolerant poplar clones.

scholarly journals Differential Regulation of NAPDH Oxidases in Salt-Tolerant Eutrema salsugineum and Salt-Sensitive Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10341
Author(s):  
Maria Pilarska ◽  
Dorothea Bartels ◽  
Ewa Niewiadomska
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Promoter Sequences ◽  
Eutrema Salsugineum ◽  
Gene Expression Analyses ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
In Silico Analyses

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling is crucial in modulating stress responses in plants, and NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are an important component of signal transduction under salt stress. The goal of this research was to investigate whether the regulation of NOX-dependent signalling during mild and severe salinity differs between the halophyte Eutrema salsugineum and the glycophyte Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene expression analyses showed that salt-induced expression patterns of two NOX genes, RBOHD and RBOHF, varied between the halophyte and the glycophyte. Five days of salinity stimulated the expression of both genes in E. salsugineum leaves, while their expression in A. thaliana decreased. This was not accompanied by changes in the total NOX activity in E. salsugineum, while the activity in A. thaliana was reduced. The expression of the RBOHD and RBOHF genes in E. salsugineum leaves was induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and ethephon spraying. The in silico analyses of promoter sequences of RBOHD and RBOHF revealed multiple cis-acting elements related to hormone responses, and their distribution varied between E. salsugineum and A. thaliana. Our results indicate that, in the halophyte E. salsugineum, the maintenance of the basal activity of NOXs in leaves plays a role during acclimation responses to salt stress. The different expression patterns of the RBOHD and RBOHF genes under salinity in E. salsugineum and A. thaliana point to a modified regulation of these genes in the halophyte, possibly through ABA- and/or ethylene-dependent pathways.

scholarly journals CRK2 enhances salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by regulating endocytosis and callose deposition in connection with PLDα1

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerri Hunter ◽  
Sachie Kimura ◽  
Anne Rokka ◽  
Cuong Tran ◽  
Masatsugu Toyota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Stress Dependent

AbstractHigh salinity has become an increasingly prevalent source of stress to which plants need to adapt. The receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs), including the cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase (CRK) subfamily, are a highly expanded family of transmembrane proteins in plants and are largely responsible for communication between cells and the extracellular environment. Various CRKs have been implicated in biotic and abiotic stress responses, however their functions on a cellular level remain largely uncharacterized. Here we have shown that CRK2 enhances salt tolerance at the germination stage in Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified CRK2 as a negative regulator of endocytosis, under both normal growth conditions and salt stress. We also established that functional CRK2 is required for salt-induced callose deposition. In doing so, we revealed a novel role for callose deposition, in response to increased salinity, and demonstrated its importance for salt tolerance during germination. Using fluorescently tagged proteins we observed specific changes in CRK2’s subcellular localization in response to various stress treatments. Many of CRK2’s cellular functions were dependent on phospholipase D (PLD) activity, as were the subcellular localization changes. Thus we propose that CRK2 acts downstream of PLD during salt stress to regulate endocytosis and promote callose deposition, and that CRK2 adopts specific stress-dependent subcellular localization patterns in order to carry out its functions.One sentence summaryThe receptor-like kinase CRK2 acts in connection with PLDα1 to regulate endocytosis and callose deposition at plasmodesmata, enhancing salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.

scholarly journals Regulation of ABI5 expression by ABF3 during salt stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Chun Chang ◽  
Min-Chieh Tsai ◽  
Sih-Sian Wu ◽  
Ing-Feng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Responses

scholarly journals The E3 Ligase AtRDUF1 Positively Regulates Salt Stress Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e71078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhua Li ◽  
Yingying Han ◽  
Qingzhen Zhao ◽  
Chunhua Li ◽  
Qi Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
E3 Ligase

scholarly journals Transgenerational effects of temperature fluctuations in Arabidopsis thaliana

AoB Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Deng ◽  
Oliver Bossdorf ◽  
J F Scheepens
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Offspring Generation

Abstract Plant stress responses can extend into the following generations, a phenomenon called transgenerational effects. Heat stress, in particular, is known to affect plant offspring, but we do not know to what extent these effects depend on the temporal patterns of the stress, and whether transgenerational responses are adaptive and genetically variable within species. To address these questions, we carried out a two-generation experiment with nine Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes. We subjected the plants to heat stress regimes that varied in timing and frequency, but not in mean temperature, and we then grew the offspring of these plants under controlled conditions as well as under renewed heat stress. The stress treatments significantly carried over to the offspring generation, with timing having stronger effects on plant phenotypes than stress frequency. However, there was no evidence that transgenerational effects were adaptive. The magnitudes of transgenerational effects differed substantially among genotypes, and for some traits the strength of plant responses was significantly associated with the climatic variability at the sites of origin. In summary, timing of heat stress not only directly affects plants, but it can also cause transgenerational effects on offspring phenotypes. Genetic variation in transgenerational effects, as well as correlations between transgenerational effects and climatic variability, indicate that transgenerational effects can evolve, and have probably already done so in the past.

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