SmBICs Inhibit Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjun He ◽  
DaLu Li ◽  
ShaoHang Li ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Huoying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Health It ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Hybrid Analysis ◽  
Negative Regulators ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Abstract Eggplant is rich in anthocyanins, which are thought to be highly beneficial for human health. It has been reported that BICs (blue light inhibitors of Cryptochromes) act as negative regulators in light signal transduction, but little is known about their role in anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this study, yeast one-hybrid analysis showed that SmBICs could bind to the promoter of SmCHS, indicating that they could directly participate in eggplant anthocyanin biosynthesis. In SmBICs-silenced eggplants, more anthocyanins were accumulated, while SmBIC1-OE and SmBIC2-OE Arabidopsis and eggplants synthesized less anthocyanin. qRT-PCR also revealed that the anthocyanin structural genes, which were downregulated in SmBIC1-OE and SmBIC2-OE lines, were upregulated in SmBICs-silenced eggplants. In addition, transcriptome analysis further confirmed that differentially expressed genes of SmBICs-OE plants were enriched mainly in the pathways related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, and the key transcription factors and structural genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis, such as SmMYB1, SmTT8, SmHY5, SmCHS, SmCHI, SmDFR and SmANS, were suppressed significantly. Finally, BiFC and blue light-dependent degradation assay suggested that SmBICs interacted with photo-excited SmCRY2 to inhibit its photoreaction, thereby inhibiting the expression of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and reducing anthocyanin accumulation. Collectively, our study suggests that SmBICs repress anthocyanin biosynthesis by inhibiting photoactivation of SmCRY2. This study provides a new working model for anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant.

CBFs Function in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis by Interacting with MYB113 in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhou ◽  
Yongjun He ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Huoying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Cold Response ◽  
Anthocyanin Pathway ◽  
R2r3 Myb ◽  
Dependent Pathway ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
R2r3 Myb Transcription Factors

Abstract Eggplant is rich in anthocyanins. R2R3-MYB transcription factors play a key role in the anthocyanin pathway. Low temperature is vital abiotic stress that affects the anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. CBFs (C-repeat binding factors) act as central regulators in cold response. In this study, we found that SmCBF1, SmCBF2 and SmCBF3, via their C-terminal, physically interacted with SmMYB113, a key regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant. SmCBF2 and SmCBF3 upregulated the expression of SmCHS and SmDFR via a SmMYB113-dependent pathway. In addition, the transient expression assays demonstrated that co-infiltrating SmCBFs and SmMYB113 significantly improved the contents of anthocyanin and the expression levels of anthocyanin structural genes in tobacco. When SmTT8, a bHLH partner of SmMYB113, coexpressed with SmCBFs and SmMYB113, the anthocyanin contents were significantly enhanced compared with SmCBFs and SmMYB113. Furthermore, overexpression of SmCBF2 and SmCBF3 could facilitate the anthocyanin accumulation under cold conditions in Arabidopsis. Taken together, these results shed light on the functions of SmCBFs and potential mechanisms of low-temperature-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant.

scholarly journals Calcium Positively Mediates Blue Light-Induced Anthocyanin Accumulation in Hypocotyl of Soybean Sprouts

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Hu ◽  
Xiaomeng Yue ◽  
Jinxue Song ◽  
Guipei Xing ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Soybean Sprouts ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Soybean sprouts are a flavorful microgreen that can be eaten all year round and are widely favored in Southeast Asia. In this study, the regulatory mechanism of calcium on anthocyanin biosynthesis in soybean sprouts under blue light was investigated. The results showed that blue light, with a short wavelength, effectively induced anthocyanin accumulation in the hypocotyl of soybean sprout cultivar “Dongnong 690.” Calcium supplementation further enhanced anthocyanin content, which was obviously inhibited by LaCl3 and neomycin treatment. Moreover, exogenous calcium changed the metabolism of anthocyanins, and seven anthocyanin compounds were detected. The trend of calcium fluorescence intensity in hypocotyl cells, as well as that of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and calmodulin content, was consistent with that of anthocyanins content. Specific spatial distribution patterns of calcium antimonate precipitation were observed in the ultrastructure of hypocotyl cells under different conditions. Furthermore, calcium application upregulated the expression of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, and calcium inhibitors suppressed these genes. Finally, transcriptomics was performed to gain global insights into the molecular regulation mechanism of calcium-associated anthocyanin production. Genes from the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were distinctly enriched among the differentially expressed genes, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that two MYBs were related to the accumulation of anthocyanins. These results indicated that calcium released from apoplast and intracellular stores in specific spatial-temporal features promote blue light-induced anthocyanin accumulation by upregulation of the expression of genes related to anthocyanin synthesis of “Dongnong 690” hypocotyl. The findings deepen the understanding of the calcium regulation mechanism of blue light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in soybean sprouts, which will help growers produce high-quality foods beneficial for human health.

scholarly journals Frequent gain- and loss-of-function mutations of the BjMYB113 gene accounted for leaf color variation in Brassica juncea

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghui An ◽  
Jiongjiong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Promoter Sequences ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Abstract Background Mustard (Brassica juncea) is an important economic vegetable, and some cultivars have purple leaves and accumulate more anthocyanins than the green. The genetic and evolution of purple trait in mustard has not been well studied. Result In this study, free-hand sections and metabolomics showed that the purple leaves of mustard accumulated more anthocyanins than green ones. The gene controlling purple leaves in mustard, Mustard Purple Leaves (MPL), was genetically mapped and a MYB113-like homolog was identified as the candidate gene. We identified three alleles of the MYB113-like gene, BjMYB113a from a purple cultivar, BjMYB113b and BjMYB113c from green cultivars. A total of 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 8 InDels were found between the promoter sequences of the purple allele BjMYB113a and the green allele BjMYB113b. On the other hand, the only sequence variation between the purple allele BjMYB113a and the green allele BjMYB113c is an insertion of 1,033-bp fragment in the 3’region of BjMYB113c. Transgenic assay and promoter activity studies showed that the polymorphism in the promoter region was responsible for the up-regulation of the purple allele BjMYB113a and high accumulation of anthocyanin in the purple cultivar. The up-regulation of BjMYB113a increased the expression of genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway including BjCHS, BjF3H, BjF3’H, BjDFR, BjANS and BjUGFT, and consequently led to high accumulation of anthocyanin. However, the up-regulation of BjMYB113 was compromised by the insertion of 1,033-bp in 3’region of the allele BjMYB113c. Conclusions Our results contribute to a better understanding of the genetics and evolution of the BjMYB113 gene controlling purple leaves and provide useful information for further breeding programs of mustard.

scholarly journals Maternal antibiotic treatment affects offspring gastric sensing for umami taste and ghrelin regulation in the pig

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Trevisi ◽  
D. Luise ◽  
F. Correa ◽  
S. Messori ◽  
M. Mazzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Umami Taste ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Relative Gene

Abstract Background Scarce is knowledge on the process regulating the development of acid secretion, orexigenic signaling, and chemosensing in the stomach of young pigs. Changes of early microbial encounters by suckling pigs can interact with the gut maturation, by the induction of different molecular signaling. Our goal was to assess if the age of offspring and the maternal environment, influenced by sow antibiotic treatment peripartum, could affect gastric morphology and the expression of genes involved in the control of hydrochloric secretion, feed intake, taste, and inflammation in offspring stomach. Methods 84 pigs from sows fed a diet with amoxicillin (on –d10 to +d21 from farrowing, ANT) or without (CON) were sacrificed at d14, d21, d28 (weaning) or d42. Samples of oxyntic (OXY), pyloric (PY) and cardiac mucosae close to OXY were collected and parietal and enteroendocrine cells (EECs) were counted. Relative gene expression of a set of 11 key genes (ATP4A, SSTR2, GAST, GHRL, MBOAT4, PCSK1, GNAT1, TAS1R1, TAS1R3, IL8 and TNF) was assessed by qRT-PCR. In addition, 40 offspring obtained from the same ANT and CON sows were offered a normal or a fat-enriched diet for 4 weeks between 140 and 169 d of age, and then OXY and PY were sampled. Results The number of parietal and EECs increased with age (P < 0.001). ATP4A increased with age (within suckling, P = 0.043, post-weaning vs. suckling, P < 0.001), SSTR2 increased only after weaning (P < 0.001). In OXY, GHRL increased during suckling (P = 0.012), and post-weaning as a trend (P = 0.088). MBOAT4 tended to increase during suckling (P = 0.062). TAS1R1 increased from suckling to post-weaning period (P =0.001) and was lower in ANT offspring (P = 0.013). GNAT1 in PY was higher in ANT offspring (P = 0.041). Antibiotic treatment of sows peripartum increased expression of GHRL and MBOAT4 in OXY of growing-finishing offspring aged 5 months. Conclusions Data show that sensing for umami taste and ghrelin regulation can be affected by maternal environment, but the development of acid secretion, orexigenic signaling and taste perception in the stomach are mostly developmentally controlled.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key genes associated with pigmentation in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) skin and flesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jifang Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhao ◽  
Qunyun Tan ◽  
Xiaojun Qiu ◽  
Shiyong Mei
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Transcript Profiles ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Genes

AbstractRadish (Raphanus sativus) is an important vegetable worldwide that exhibits different flesh and skin colors. The anthocyanins responsible for the red and purple coloring in radishes possess nutritional value and pharmaceutical potential. To explore the structural and regulatory networks related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and identify key genes, we performed comparative transcriptome analyses of the skin and flesh of six colored radish accessions. The transcript profiles showed that each accession had a species-specific transcript profile. For radish pigmentation accumulation, the expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (RsTT4, RsC4H, RsTT7, RsCCOAMT, RsDFR, and RsLDOX) were significantly upregulated in the red- and purple-colored accessions, but were downregulated or absent in the white and black accessions. The correlation test, combined with metabolome (PCC > 0.95), revealed five structural genes (RsTT4, RsDFR, RsCCOAMT, RsF3H, and RsBG8L) and three transcription factors (RsTT8-1, RsTT8-2, and RsPAR1) to be significantly correlated with flavonoids in the skin of the taproot. Four structural genes (RsBG8L, RsDFR, RsCCOAMT, and RsLDOX) and nine transcription factors (RsTT8-1, RsTT8-2, RsMYB24L, RsbHLH57, RsPAR2L, RsbHLH113L, RsOGR3L, RsMYB24, and RsMYB34L) were found to be significantly correlated with metabolites in the flesh of the taproot. This study provides a foundation for future studies on the gene functions and genetic diversity of radish pigmentation and should aid in the cultivation of new valuable radish varieties.

scholarly journals Neurospora crassa Light Signal Transduction Is Affected by ROS

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Belozerskaya ◽  
Natalia N. Gessler ◽  
Elena P. Isakova ◽  
Yulia I. Deryabina
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Zinc Fingers ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Pas Domain ◽  
Light Responses ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Heterodimeric Complex ◽  
Light Signals

In the ascomycete fungus Neurospora crassa blue-violet light controls the expression of genes responsible for differentiation of reproductive structures, synthesis of secondary metabolites, and the circadian oscillator activity. A major photoreceptor in Neurospora cells is WCC, a heterodimeric complex formed by the PAS-domain-containing polypeptides WC-1 and WC-2, the products of genes white collar-1 and white collar-2. The photosignal transduction is started by photochemical activity of an excited FAD molecule noncovalently bound by the LOV domain (a specialized variant of the PAS domain). The presence of zinc fingers (the GATA-recognizing sequences) in both WC-1 and WC-2 proteins suggests that they might function as transcription factors. However, a critical analysis of the phototransduction mechanism considers the existence of residual light responses upon absence of WCC or its homologs in fungi. The data presented point at endogenous ROS generated by a photon stimulus as an alternative input to pass on light signals to downstream targets.

scholarly journals Analysis of structural genes and key transcription factors related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato tubers

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiling Zhang ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Dalong Guo ◽  
Juan Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Structural Genes

scholarly journals Comparative phosphoproteome analysis to identify candidate phosphoproteins involved in blue light-induced brown film formation in Lentinula edodes

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9859
Author(s):  
Tingting Song ◽  
Yingyue Shen ◽  
Qunli Jin ◽  
Weilin Feng ◽  
Lijun Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Phosphorylated Proteins ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

Light plays an important role in the growth and differentiation of Lentinula edodes mycelia, and mycelial morphology is influenced by light wavelengths. The blue light-induced formation of brown film on the vegetative mycelial tissues of L. edodes is an important process. However, the mechanisms of L. edodes’ brown film formation, as induced by blue light, are still unclear. Using a high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry integrated with a highly sensitive immune-affinity antibody method, phosphoproteomes of L. edodes mycelia under red- and blue-light conditions were analyzed. A total of 11,224 phosphorylation sites were identified on 2,786 proteins, of which 9,243 sites on 2,579 proteins contained quantitative information. In total, 475 sites were up-regulated and 349 sites were down-regulated in the blue vs red group. To characterize the differentially phosphorylated proteins, systematic bioinformatics analyses, including gene ontology annotations, domain annotations, subcellular localizations, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway annotations, were performed. These differentially phosphorylated proteins were correlated with light signal transduction, cell wall degradation, and melanogenesis, suggesting that these processes are involved in the formation of the brown film. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the blue light-induced brown film formation at the post-translational modification level.

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