A citrus phosphate starvation response factor CsPHL3 negatively regulates carotenoid metabolism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwen Lu ◽  
Junli Ye ◽  
Kaijie Zhu ◽  
Yin Zhang ◽  
Mengwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Response Factor ◽  
Starvation Response ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Carotenoid Metabolism ◽  
Pi Starvation ◽  
Carotenogenic Genes ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms

Abstract Carotenoids provide precursors for the biosynthesis of strigolactones (SLs), which are a new class of hormones that are essential in phosphate (Pi) signaling during plant development. Carotenoid metabolism is a finely tuned pathway but our understanding of the regulation mechanisms is still limited. In this study, we isolated a protein designated as CsPHL3 from citrus. CsPHL3 belonged to the Pi starvation response factor (PHR)-like subclade and was up-regulated by low Pi. Acting as a nucleus-localized protein with transactivation activity, CsPHL3 bound directly to activate the promoter of a key metabolic gene, lycopene β-cyclase1 (LCYb1). Transgenic analysis revealed that the CsPHL3-overexpressing tomato plants exhibited abnormal growth, like the plants grew under limited Pi conditions. The transgenic lines showed reduced carotenoid contents, elevated expression of LCYb genes but downregulation of other key carotenogenic genes including phytoene synthase (PSY). Moreover, CsPHL3 induced anthocyanin biosynthesis and affected Pi signaling in the transgenic plants. We further demonstrated that the expression of PSY was negatively regulated by CsPHL3 and high Pi. It is concluded that CsPHL3 is a Pi starvation response factor that negatively regulates carotenoid metabolism by modulating the expression of carotenogenic genes. Establishment of the CsPHL3-CsLCYb1 network provides new valuable knowledge of the function and underlying mechanism of PHR transcription factors and expands our understanding of the complex regulation mechanisms of carotenoid biosynthesis.

A fruit ripening-associated transcription factor CsMADS5 positively regulates carotenoid biosynthesis in citrus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwen Lu ◽  
Junli Ye ◽  
Kaijie Zhu ◽  
Yin Zhang ◽  
Mengwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Metabolism ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Carotenogenic Genes ◽  
Transient Overexpression ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Abstract Carotenoids in citrus contribute the quality of the fruit, but the transcriptional regulatory mechanism is still limitedly known. Here, we characterized a citrus FUL-like MADS gene, CsMADS5, that was ripening-inducible and acted as a nucleus-localized trans-activator. Transient overexpression of CsMADS5 in citrus induced fruit coloration and enhanced carotenoid contents. The expression levels of carotenogenic genes including phytoene synthase (PSY), phytoene desaturase (PDS), and lycopene β-cyclase 1 (LCYb1) were significantly increased in the peel of fruits overexpressing CsMADS5. Similar results were observed from stable overexpression of CsMADS5 in tomato fruits and citrus calli, even though the effect of CsMADS5 on the carotenoid metabolism in transgenic citrus calli was limited. Further biochemical analyses demonstrated that CsMADS5 activated the transcription of PSY, PDS, and LCYb1 by directly binding to their promoters. It is concluded that CsMADS5 positively regulates carotenoid biosynthesis in fruits by directly activating the transcription of carotenogenic genes. Moreover, CsMADS5 physically interacted with a positive regulator CsMADS6, indicating that CsMADS5 may form an enhancer complex with CsMADS6 to synergistically promote carotenoid accumulation. These findings expand our understanding of the complex transcriptional regulatory hierarchy for carotenoid biosynthesis during fruit ripening.

scholarly journals The Purple Leaf (pl6) Mutation Regulates Leaf Color by Altering the Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll Contents in Rice

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
Asadullah Khan ◽  
Sanaullah Jalil ◽  
Huan Cao ◽  
Yohannes Tsago ◽  
Mustapha Sunusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Morphological Marker ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Rice Mutant ◽  
Purple Coloration

The anthocyanin biosynthesis attracts strong interest due to the potential antioxidant value and as an important morphological marker. However, the underlying mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in plant tissues is not clearly understood. Here, a rice mutant with a purple color in the leaf blade, named pl6, was developed from wild type (WT), Zhenong 41, with gamma ray treatment. By map-based cloning, the OsPL6 gene was located on the short arm of chromosome 6. The multiple mutations, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at −702, −598, −450, an insertion at −119 in the promoter, three SNPs and one 6-bp deletion in the 5′-UTR region, were identified, which could upregulate the expression of OsPL6 to accumulate anthocyanin. Subsequently, the transcript level of structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, including OsCHS, OsPAL, OsF3H and OsF3′H, was elevated significantly. Histological analysis revealed that the light attenuation feature of anthocyanin has degraded the grana and stroma thylakoids, which resulted in poor photosynthetic efficiency of purple leaves. Despite this, the photoabatement and antioxidative activity of anthocyanin have better equipped the pl6 mutant to minimize the oxidative damage. Moreover, the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokanin (CK) were elevated along with anthocyanin accumulation in the pl6 mutant. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that activation of OsPL6 could be responsible for the purple coloration in leaves by accumulating excessive anthocyanin and further reveal that anthocyanin acts as a strong antioxidant to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thus play an important role in tissue maintenance.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of carotenoid biosynthesis reveal the basis of white petal color in Brassica napus

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 253 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ledong Jia ◽  
Junsheng Wang ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Mouzheng Duan ◽  
Cailin Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Carotenoid Metabolism ◽  
Rapeseed Cultivar

Abstract Main conclusion The molecular mechanism underlying white petal color in Brassica napus was revealed by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Abstract Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide, but the mechanisms underlying flower color in this crop are known less. Here, we performed metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of the yellow-flowered rapeseed cultivar ‘Zhongshuang 11’ (ZS11) and the white-flowered inbred line ‘White Petal’ (WP). The total carotenoid contents were 1.778-fold and 1.969-fold higher in ZS11 vs. WP petals at stages S2 and S4, respectively. Our findings suggest that white petal color in WP flowers is primarily due to decreased lutein and zeaxanthin contents. Transcriptome analysis revealed 10,116 differentially expressed genes with a fourfold or greater change in expression (P-value less than 0.001) in WP vs. ZS11 petals, including 1,209 genes that were differentially expressed at four different stages and 20 genes in the carotenoid metabolism pathway. BnNCED4b, encoding a protein involved in carotenoid degradation, was expressed at abnormally high levels in WP petals, suggesting it might play a key role in white petal formation. The results of qRT-PCR were consistent with the transcriptome data. The results of this study provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of the carotenoid metabolic pathway in rapeseed petals, and the candidate genes identified in this study provide a resource for the creation of new B. napus germplasms with different petal colors.

scholarly journals SlBBX20 interacts with the COP9 signalosome subunit SlCSN5-2 to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis by activating SlDFR expression in tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Luo ◽  
Cheng Xiong ◽  
Aihua Lin ◽  
Chunli Zhang ◽  
Wenhui Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Cop9 Signalosome ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Related Transcription Factor ◽  
Hybrid Screening

AbstractAnthocyanins play vital roles in plant stress tolerance and growth regulation. Previously, we reported that the photomorphogenesis-related transcription factor SlBBX20 regulates anthocyanin accumulation in tomato. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we showed that SlBBX20 promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis by binding the promoter of the anthocyanin biosynthesis gene SlDFR, suggesting that SlBBX20 directly activates anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Furthermore, we found by yeast two-hybrid screening that SlBBX20 interacts with the COP9 signalosome subunit SlCSN5-2, and the interaction was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation assays. SlCSN5 gene silencing led to anthocyanin hyperaccumulation in the transgenic tomato calli and shoots, and SlCSN5-2 overexpression decreased anthocyanin accumulation, suggesting thSlCSN5-2 enhanced the ubiquitination of SlBBX20 and promoted the degradation of SlBBX20 in vivo. Consistently, silencing the SlCSN5-2 homolog in tobacco significantly increased the accumulation of the SlBBX20 protein. Since SlBBX20 is a vital regulator of photomorphogenesis, the SlBBX20-SlCSN5-2 module may represent a novel regulatory pathway in light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis.

scholarly journals AKH-FOXO pathway regulates starvation-induced sleep loss through remodeling of the small ventral lateral neuron dorsal projections

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e1009181
Author(s):  
Qiankun He ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
Liya Wei ◽  
Zhangwu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Response Factor ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Adipokinetic Hormone ◽  
Starvation Response ◽  
Pigment Dispersing Factor ◽  
Synapse Plasticity ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Function Blocks ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Starvation caused by adverse feeding stresses or food shortages has been reported to result in sleep loss in animals. However, how the starvation signal interacts with the central nervous system is still unknown. Here, the adipokinetic hormone (AKH)—Fork head Box-O (FOXO) pathway is shown to respond to energy change and adjust the sleep of Drosophila through remodeling of the s-LNv (small ventral lateral neurons) dorsal projections. Our results show that starvation prevents flies from going to sleep after the first light-dark transition. The LNvs are required for starvation-induced sleep loss through extension of the pigment dispersing factor (PDF)-containing s-LNv dorsal projections. Further studies reveal that loss of AKH or AKHR (akh receptor) function blocks starvation-induced extension of s-LNv dorsal projections and rescues sleep suppression during food deprivation. FOXO, which has been reported to regulate synapse plasticity of neurons, acts as starvation response factor downstream of AKH, and down regulation of FOXO level considerably alleviates the influence of starvation on s-LNv dorsal projections and sleep. Taking together, our results outline the transduction pathways between starvation signal and sleep, and reveal a novel functional site for sleep regulation.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Orange Head Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapaL. ssp.pekinensis) and Molecular Marker Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjuan Li ◽  
Yihui Zhang ◽  
Qian Ding ◽  
Huayin Li ◽  
Lifeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Indel Marker ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Molecular Marker Development ◽  
Pigment Accumulation

Due to the visual appearance and high carotenoid content, orange inner leaves are a desirable trait for the Chinese cabbage. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying the formation of orange inner leaves, theBrCRTISO(Bra031539) gene, as theBr-orcandidate gene, was analyzed among the white and orange varieties, and 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. However, only one SNP (C952to T952) altered the amino acid sequence, resulting in a mutation from Leu318to Phe318in the orange varieties. Additionally, we analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the orange and white F2individuals (14-401 × 14-490) and found four downregulated genes were involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, which may lead to the accumulation of prolycopene and other carotenoid pigments in the orange inner leaves. In addition, we developed a novel InDel marker in the first intron, which cosegregates with the phenotypes of orange color inner leaves. In conclusion, these findings enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanism of pigment accumulation in the inner leaves of the Chinese cabbage. Additionally, the SNP (C952to T952) and the InDel marker will facilitate the marker-assisted selection during Chinese cabbage breeding.

scholarly journals The Citrus Transcription Factor CsMADS6 Modulates Carotenoid Metabolism by Directly Regulating Carotenogenic Genes

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 (4) ◽  
pp. 2657-2676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwen Lu ◽  
Yin Zhang ◽  
Kaijie Zhu ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Junli Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Carotenoid Metabolism ◽  
Carotenogenic Genes

CaPSY1 gene plays likely the key role in carotenoid metabolism of pepper (Capsicum annuum) at ripening

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Xiaochun Wei ◽  
Chunyang Meng ◽  
Yuxiang Yuan ◽  
Ujjal Kumar Nath ◽  
Yanyan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Fruit Colour ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Carotenoid Metabolism ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
Pepper Genome ◽  
Aba Content

Phytoene synthase (PSY) is the first committed enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis, which plays important role in ripen fruit colour. However, the roles of CaPSY genes are not explained detail in ripen pepper fruit colour. In this study, three CaPSY genes (CaPSY1, CaPSY2 and CaPSY3) were identified through basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) in pepper genome. Among them, CaPSY1 was predicted as putative candidate based on relative expression values using five developmental stages of fruit in Zunla-1 cultivar and also in ripen fruits of five contrasting pepper lines. The CaPSY1 was characterised functionally through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in ripen fruits and overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Silencing of CaPSY1 gene altered colour with increased lutein and decreased zeaxanthin content in pepper fruits. The transgenic Arabidopsis line CaPSY1 gene showed higher expression of PSY1 gene compared with WT and dwarf phenotype due to reduction of GA3 (gibberellic acid) and higher abscisic acid (ABA) content. Our results confirmed that CaPSY1 gene involved in carotenoid metabolism in ripen pepper fruit and provide clue to develop bright red coloured pepper lines through breeding.

scholarly journals Jasmonate and Ethylene-Regulated Ethylene Response Factor 22 Promotes Lanolin-Induced Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in ‘Zaosu’ Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) Fruit

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Ting Wu ◽  
Han-Ting Liu ◽  
Guang-Ping Zhao ◽  
Jun-Xing Song ◽  
Xiao-Li Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Response Factor ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Erf Family ◽  
New Perspective

Anthocyanin contributes to the coloration of pear fruit and enhances plant defenses. Members of the ethylene response factor (ERF) family play vital roles in hormone and stress signaling and are involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Here, PbERF22 was identified from the lanolin-induced red fruit of ‘Zaosu’ pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) using a comparative transcriptome analysis. Its expression level was up- and down-regulated by methyl jasmonate and 1-methylcyclopropene plus lanolin treatments, respectively, which indicated that PbERF22 responded to the jasmonate- and ethylene-signaling pathways. In addition, transiently overexpressed PbERF22 induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in ‘Zaosu’ fruit, and a quantitative PCR analysis further confirmed that PbERF22 facilitated the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic structural and regulatory genes. Moreover, a dual luciferase assay showed that PbERF22 enhanced the activation effects of PbMYB10 and PbMYB10b on the PbUFGT promoter. Therefore, PbERF22 responses to jasmonate and ethylene signals and regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis. This provides a new perspective on the correlation between jasmonate–ethylene crosstalk and anthocyanin biosynthesis.

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