scholarly journals Quantitative Imaging Reveals Distinct Contributions of SnRK2 and ABI3 in Plasmodesmatal Permeability in Physcomitrella patens

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 942-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumi Tomoi ◽  
Kensuke Kawade ◽  
Munenori Kitagawa ◽  
Yoichi Sakata ◽  
Hirokazu Tsukaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Signaling Components

Abstract Cell-to-cell communication is tightly regulated in response to environmental stimuli in plants. We previously used a photoconvertible fluorescent protein Dendra2 as a model reporter to study this process. This experiment revealed that macromolecular trafficking between protonemal cells in Physcomitrella patens is suppressed in response to abscisic acid (ABA). However, it remains unknown which ABA signaling components contribute to this suppression and how. Here, we show that ABA signaling components SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING 1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2 (PpSnRK2) and ABA INSENSITIVE 3 (PpABI3) play roles as an essential and promotive factor, respectively, in regulating ABA-induced suppression of Dendra2 diffusion between cells (ASD). Our quantitative imaging analysis revealed that disruption of PpSnRK2 resulted in defective ASD onset itself, whereas disruption of PpABI3 caused an 81-min delay in the initiation of ASD. Live-cell imaging of callose deposition using aniline blue staining showed that, despite this onset delay, callose deposition on cross walls remained constant in the PpABI3 disruptant, suggesting that PpABI3 facilitates ASD in a callose-independent manner. Given that ABA is an important phytohormone to cope with abiotic stresses, we further explored cellular physiological responses. We found that the acquisition of salt stress tolerance is promoted by PpABI3 in a quantitative manner similar to ASD. Our results suggest that PpABI3-mediated ABA signaling may effectively coordinate cell-to-cell communication during the acquisition of salt stress tolerance. This study will accelerate the quantitative study for ABA signaling mechanism and function in response to various abiotic stresses.

Effects of ABA and NaCl on physiological responses in selected bryophyte species

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 639-650
Author(s):  
Marija Ćosić ◽  
Milorad M. Vujičić ◽  
Marko S. Sabovljević ◽  
Aneta D. Sabovljević
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Common Response

The effects of NaCl and abscisic acid (ABA) on selected bryophyte species were studied. Two phylogenetically unrelated halophyte mosses, namely, Entosthodon hungaricus (Boros) Loeske and Hennediella heimii (Hedw.) R.H. Zander in addition to one model non-halophyte moss, Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp, were selected to compare the variability in certain biochemical and physiological parameters under salt-stress alone and salt-stress upon ABA pretreatment. The results showed different patterns of effects from ABA in all three of the studied species, as well as no common response to salt stress. In general, all of the tested species reacted to exogenous ABA, which definitely contributed to changes observed in morphological development under salt stress, and to the functioning of the salt-tolerance mechanisms. Physcomitrella patens proved to be a salt-tolerant species. Although it is not ecologically classified as a halophyte, these results highlighted that various stress-resistance pathways are supported by similar reactions to different stresses. Significant differences in stress tolerance were documented between the two bryo-halophytes tested by comparing biochemical and physiological parameters. Our findings suggest that different salt-stress-tolerance strategies characterize these two species, both enhanced by exogenous ABA.

scholarly journals Enhancement to Salt Stress Tolerance in Strawberry Plants by Iodine Products Application

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Julia Medrano Macías ◽  
María Guadalupe López Caltzontzit ◽  
Erika Nohemi Rivas Martínez ◽  
Willian Alfredo Narváez Ortiz ◽  
Adalberto Benavides Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Biomass Loss ◽  
Environmental Adaptations ◽  
Quality Value ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Iodine is a non-essential element for land plants, but is considered as a beneficial element, related to antioxidant capacity, environmental adaptations and improvement of plant growth. Salinity is one of the more recurrent abiotic stresses worldwide, seriously affecting vegetal production. The aim of this work was to evaluate iodine application (Q products® and KIO3, Quimcasa de México, Naucalpan, Mexico) in strawberry plants under normal and salt stress conditions. Growth, antioxidant content, essential minerals, iodine accumulation and fruit quality were evaluated. The results showed that, under stress conditions, the application of Q products increased ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activity as well as glutathione (GSH) content and yield in fruit, without avoiding biomass loss; with the application of KIO3 an increase in GSH and APX activity as well as P and K concentrations were obtained. In leaves an increase in P, Ca, Mn and iodine accumulation was evidenced with the application of Q products, and an increased concentration of ascorbic acid and iodine with KIO3 treatments. Under normal conditions in fruits, the application of Q products increased phenolic compounds synthesis; additionally, an increase in Ca and Mn concentrations was shown. KIO3 application increased the firmness and Mn. In leaves, the application of Q products increased chlorophyll a, b and calcium. In conclusion, the application of iodine improves the quality value of strawberries under normal conditions and provides an enhancement of salt stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of salt tolerance in Eruca sativa accessions based on morpho-physiological traits

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9749
Author(s):  
Sadia Afsar ◽  
Gulnaz Bibi ◽  
Raza Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Tatheer Alam Naqvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Eruca Sativa ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Geographical Regions

Background Salinity is one of the most lethal abiotic stresses which affect multiple aspects of plant physiology. Natural variations in plant germplasm are a great resource that could be exploited for improvement in salt tolerance. Eruca sativa (E. sativa) exhibits tolerance to abiotic stresses. However, thorough evaluation of its salt stress tolerance and screening for traits that could be reliably applied for salt tolerance needs to be studied. The current study was designed to characterize 25 E. sativa accessions, originating from diverse geographical regions of Pakistan, for the salt stress tolerance. Methods Salt stress (150 mM NaCl) was applied for 2 weeks to the plants at four leaf stage in hydroponics. Data of the following morpho-physiological traits were collected from control and treated plants of all the accessions: root length (RL), shoot length (SL), plant height (PH), leaf number (LN), leaf area (LA), fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), chlorophyl content (SPAD), electrolyte leakage (EL), relative water content (RWC), gas exchange parameters and mineral ion content. Salt tolerance was determined based on membership function value (MFV) of the tested traits. Results Compared with control, the salt-stressed group had significantly reduced mean SL, RL, PH, LN, LA, FW, DW and SPAD. NaCl treatment triggered a slight increase in EL in few accessions. Mean RWC of control and treated groups were not significantly different although few accessions exhibited variation in this trait. Salt stress caused a significant reduction in photosynthesis rate (PR), transpiration rate (TR) and stomatal conductance (SC) but intercellular CO2 (Ci) was not significantly different between control and treated groups. Compared with control, the salt-stressed plants accumulated significantly higher Na+, K+ and Ca2+ while significantly lower Mg2+. K+/Na+ ratio was significantly decreased in salt-stressed plants compared with control. Importantly, significant inter-accession variations were found for all the tested traits. The principal component analysis identified SL, RL, PH, LN, LA, FW, DW and PR as the most significant traits for resolving inter-accession variability. Based on MFV of the tested traits, accessions were categorized into five standard groups. Among 25 accessions, one accession was ranked as highly tolerant, four as tolerant while 15 accessions were ranked as moderately tolerant. Of the remaining five accessions, four were ranked as sensitive while one accession as highly sensitive. Conclusion E. sativa accessions were found to exhibit significant genetic diversity in all the tested traits. A few most significant traits for dissecting the genetic variability were identified that could be used for future large-scale germplasm screening in E. sativa. Salt tolerant accessions could be a good resource for future breeding programs aiming to improve salt stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characterization of Arabidopsis Ascorbate and Glutathione Deficient Mutants under Abiotic Stresses

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Minh Thi Thanh Hoang ◽  
Mai Thi Anh Doan ◽  
Thuong Nguyen ◽  
Dong-Phuong Tra ◽  
Thanh Nguyen Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance

Ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) are considered important factors to protect plants against abiotic stress. To investigate whether altered endogenous GSH and AsA affect seed germination, plant performance and the abiotic stress tolerance, GSH deficient mutant cad2-1 and AsA-deficient mutants (vtc2-4 and vtc5-2) were phenotypically characterized for their seed germination, shoot growth, photosynthetic activity and root architecture under abiotic stresses. The cad2-1, vtc2-4 and vtc5-2 mutants showed a decrease in osmotic and salt stress tolerance, in sensitivity to ABA during seed germination, and in plant performance under severe abiotic stresses. GSH deficiency in the cad2-1 plants affected plant growth and root development in plants exposed to strong drought, oxidative and heavy metal stress conditions. Plants with lower GSH did not show an increased sensitivity to strong salt stress (100 mM NaCl). In contrast, the mutants with lower AsA enhanced salt stress tolerance in the long-term exposures to strong salt stress since they showed larger leaf areas, longer primary roots and more lateral root numbers. Limitations on AsA or GSH synthesis had no effect on photosynthesis in plants exposed to long-term strong salt or drought stresses, whereas they effected on photosynthesis of mutants exposed to CdCl2. Taken together, the current study suggests that AsA and GSH are important for seed germination, root architecture, shoot growth and plant performance in response to different abiotic stresses, and their functions are dependent on the stress-inducing agents and the stress levels.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Changes Reveal the Molecular Mechanisms of Humic Acid-Induced Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Joon-Yung Cha ◽  
Sang-Ho Kang ◽  
Myung Geun Ji ◽  
Gyeong-Im Shin ◽  
Song Yi Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Genes Encoding

Humic acid (HA) is a principal component of humic substances, which make up the complex organic matter that broadly exists in soil environments. HA promotes plant development as well as stress tolerance, however the precise molecular mechanism for these is little known. Here we conducted transcriptome analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which HA enhances salt stress tolerance. Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis pointed to the involvement of diverse abiotic stress-related genes encoding HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINs and redox proteins, which were up-regulated by HA regardless of salt stress. Genes related to biotic stress and secondary metabolic process were mainly down-regulated by HA. In addition, HA up-regulated genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) involved in plant development as well as abiotic stress tolerance, and down-regulated TF genes involved in secondary metabolic processes. Our transcriptome information provided here provides molecular evidences and improves our understanding of how HA confers tolerance to salinity stress in plants.

scholarly journals Expression Analyses of Soybean VOZ Transcription Factors and the Role of GmVOZ1G in Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Jia-Cheng Zheng ◽  
Ting-Ting Wang ◽  
Dong-Hong Min ◽  
Wen-Liang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Drought And Salt Stress

Vascular plant one-zinc-finger (VOZ) transcription factor, a plant specific one-zinc-finger-type transcriptional activator, is involved in regulating numerous biological processes such as floral induction and development, defense against pathogens, and response to multiple types of abiotic stress. Six VOZ transcription factor-encoding genes (GmVOZs) have been reported to exist in the soybean (Glycine max) genome. In spite of this, little information is currently available regarding GmVOZs. In this study, GmVOZs were cloned and characterized. GmVOZ genes encode proteins possessing transcriptional activation activity in yeast cells. GmVOZ1E, GmVOZ2B, and GmVOZ2D gene products were widely dispersed in the cytosol, while GmVOZ1G was primarily located in the nucleus. GmVOZs displayed a differential expression profile under dehydration, salt, and salicylic acid (SA) stress conditions. Among them, GmVOZ1G showed a significantly induced expression in response to all stress treatments. Overexpression of GmVOZ1G in soybean hairy roots resulted in a greater tolerance to drought and salt stress. In contrast, RNA interference (RNAi) soybean hairy roots suppressing GmVOZ1G were more sensitive to both of these stresses. Under drought treatment, soybean composite plants with an overexpression of hairy roots had higher relative water content (RWC). In response to drought and salt stress, lower malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and higher peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were observed in soybean composite seedlings with an overexpression of hairy roots. The opposite results for each physiological parameter were obtained in RNAi lines. In conclusion, GmVOZ1G positively regulates drought and salt stress tolerance in soybean hairy roots. Our results will be valuable for the functional characterization of soybean VOZ transcription factors under abiotic stress.

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