scholarly journals In-flight calibration of Hitomi Soft X-ray Spectrometer. (3) Effective area

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Tsujimoto ◽  
Takashi Okajima ◽  
Megan E Eckart ◽  
Takayuki Hayashi ◽  
Akio Hoshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Area ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals A method of calibrating effective area of focusing X-ray detector by using normal spectrum of Crab pulsar

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 050701
Author(s):  
Zhou Qing-Yong ◽  
Wei Zi-Qing ◽  
Jiang Kun ◽  
Deng Lou-Lou ◽  
Liu Si-Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Area ◽  
Crab Pulsar ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Normal Spectrum

ASCA Observations of White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars and Black Holes

1996 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 321-331
Author(s):  
H. Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Wide Energy Range ◽  
Ccd Cameras ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Wide Energy ◽  
Large Effective Area

ASCA, the fourth Japanese X-ray astronomy satellite, was launched by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) on 1993 February 20. ASCA is designed to be a high-capability X-ray observatory (Tanaka et al. 1994). It is equipped with nested thin-foil mirrors which provide a large effective area over a wide energy range from 0.5 to 10 keV. Two different types of detectors, CCD cameras (SIS) and imaging gas scintillation proportional counters (GIS) are employed as the focal plane instruments.

scholarly journals The Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST)

2002 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Taro Kotani
Keyword(s):  
International Collaboration ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Large Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Primary Instrument

AbstractGLAST, the next U.S. general gamma-ray astrophysics mission scheduled to be launched into low Earth orbit in April, 2006, for 5–10 years of operation, is described. A product of a NASA/DOE and international collaboration, the Large Area Telescope (LAT) is the primary instrument that covers the < 20 MeV to > 300 GeV band with an effective area > 8000 cm2. The angular resolution ranges from < 3.5° at 100 MeV to < 0.15° at 10 GeV. The GLAST Burst Monitor (GBM) consists of a group of NaI and BGO detectors to extend GLAST’s sensitivity to gamma-ray bursts to the < 10 keV to > 25 MeV band. GLAST’s localizations enables us to identify the X-ray, optical and radio counterparts of thousands of gamma-ray sources and to determine their nature.

scholarly journals Searching for fast extragalactic X-ray transients in Chandra surveys

2019 ◽  
Vol 487 (4) ◽  
pp. 4721-4736 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Yang (杨光) ◽  
W N Brandt ◽  
S F Zhu (朱世甫) ◽  
F E Bauer ◽  
B Luo (罗斌) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Rate ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Stellar Objects ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Future Work

ABSTRACT Recent works have discovered two fast (≈10 ks) extragalactic X-ray transients in the Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S XT1 and XT2). These findings suggest that a large population of similar extragalactic transients might exist in archival X-ray observations. We develop a method that can effectively detect such transients in a single Chandra exposure, and systematically apply it to Chandra surveys of CDF-S, CDF-N, DEEP2, UDS, COSMOS, and E-CDF-S, totaling 19 Ms of exposure. We find 13 transient candidates, including CDF-S XT1 and XT2. With the aid of available excellent multiwavelength observations, we identify the physical nature of all these candidates. Aside from CDF-S XT1 and XT2, the other 11 sources are all stellar objects, and all of them have z-band magnitudes brighter than 20. We estimate an event rate of ${59^{+77}_{-38}\ \rm {evt\ yr^{-1}\, deg^{-2}}}$ for CDF-S XT-like transients with 0.5–7 keV peak fluxes log Fpeak ≳ −12.6 (erg cm−2 s−1). This event rate translates to ${\approx 15^{+20}_{-10}}$ transients existing among Chandra archival observations at Galactic latitudes |b| &gt; 20°, which can be probed in future work. Future missions such as Athena and the Einstein Probe with large grasps (effective area × field of view) are needed to discover a large sample (∼thousands) of fast extragalactic X-ray transients.

scholarly journals EMERGENCE OF A FILAMENTARY STRUCTURE IN THE FIREBALL FROM GRB SPECTRA

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
REMO RUFFINI ◽  
CARLO LUCIANO BIANCO ◽  
SHE-SHENG XUE ◽  
PASCAL CHARDONNET ◽  
FEDERICO FRASCHETTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Emission ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Moving Frame ◽  
Filamentary Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spectral Changes ◽  
Analytic Expressions

It is shown that the concept of a fireball with a definite filamentary structure naturally emerges from the analysis of the spectra of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). These results, made possible by the recently obtained analytic expressions of the equitemporal surfaces in the GRB afterglow, depend crucially on the single parameter ℛ describing the effective area of the fireball emitting the X-ray and gamma-ray radiation. The X-ray and gamma-ray components of the afterglow radiation are shown to have a thermal spectrum in the co-moving frame of the fireball and originate from a stable shock front described self-consistently by the Rankine–Hugoniot equations. Precise predictions are presented on a correlation between spectral changes and intensity variations in the prompt radiation verifiable, e.g., by the Swift and future missions. The highly variable optical and radio emission depends instead on the parameters of the surrounding medium. The GRB 991216 is used as a prototype for this model.

scholarly journals K-shell transitions in L-shell ions with the EBIT calorimeter spectrometer

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (A29A) ◽  
pp. 295-296
Author(s):  
Natalie Hell ◽  
Greg V. Brown ◽  
Jörn Wilms ◽  
Peter Beiersdorfer ◽  
Richard L. Kelley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Trap ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Beam Ion Trap ◽  
Lower Charge ◽  
Extended Sources ◽  
Good Signal ◽  
First Time ◽  
Large Improvement

AbstractWith the large improvement in effective area of Astro-H's micro-calorimeter soft X-ray spectrometer (SXS) over grating spectrometers, high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy with good signal to noise will become more commonly available, also for faint and extended sources. This will result in a range of spectral lines being resolved for the first time in celestial sources, especially in the Fe region. However, a large number of X-ray line energies in the atomic databases are known to a lesser accuracy than that expected for Astro-H/SXS, or have no known uncertainty at all. To benchmark the available calculations, we have therefore started to measure reference energies of K-shell transition in L-shell ions for astrophysically relevant elements in the range 11≤ Z ≤ 28 (Na to Ni), using the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's EBIT-I electron beam ion trap coupled with the NASA/GSFC EBIT calorimeter spectrometer (ECS). The ECS has a resolution of ~5 e V, i.e., similar to Astro-H/SXS and Chandra/HETG. A comparison to crystal spectra of lower charge states of sulfur with ~0.6 e V resolution shows that the analysis of spectra taken at ECS resolution allows to determine the transition energies of the strongest components.

scholarly journals Impact of Weak Lensing Mass Calibration on eROSITA Galaxy Cluster Cosmological Studies – a Forecast

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Grandis ◽  
J J Mohr ◽  
J P Dietrich ◽  
S Bocquet ◽  
A Saro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Count Rate ◽  
Galaxy Cluster ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Weak Lensing ◽  
Parameter Uncertainties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mass Scaling ◽  
Mass Calibration ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We forecast the impact of weak lensing (WL) cluster mass calibration on the cosmological constraints from the X-ray selected galaxy cluster counts in the upcoming eROSITA survey. We employ a prototype cosmology pipeline to analyze mock cluster catalogs. Each cluster is sampled from the mass function in a fiducial cosmology and given an eROSITA count rate and redshift, where count rates are modeled using the eROSITA effective area, a typical exposure time, Poisson noise and the scatter and form of the observed X-ray luminosity– and temperature–mass–redshift relations. A subset of clusters have mock shear profiles to mimic either those from DES and HSC or from the future Euclid and LSST surveys. Using a count rate selection, we generate a baseline cluster cosmology catalog that contains 13k clusters over 14,892 deg2 of extragalactic sky. Low mass groups are excluded using raised count rate thresholds at low redshift. Forecast parameter uncertainties for ΩM, σ8 and w are 0.023 (0.016; 0.014), 0.017 (0.012; 0.010), and 0.085 (0.074; 0.071), respectively, when adopting DES+HSC WL (Euclid; LSST), while marginalizing over the sum of the neutrino masses. A degeneracy between the distance–redshift relation and the parameters of the observable–mass scaling relation limits the impact of the WL calibration on the w constraints, but with BAO measurements from DESI an improved determination of w to 0.043 becomes possible. With Planck CMB priors, ΩM (σ8) can be determined to 0.005 (0.007), and the summed neutrino mass limited to ∑mν < 0.241 eV (at 95%). If systematics on the group mass scale can be controlled, the eROSITA group and cluster sample with 43k objects and LSST WL could constrain ΩM and σ8 to 0.007 and w to 0.050.

scholarly journals X-Ray Astronomy Satellite Ginga

1990 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
F. Makino
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Scientific Instruments ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Proportional Counters ◽  
Main Instrument

AbstractThe X-ray astronomy satellite Ginga carries three scientific instruments, the Large Area proportional Counters (LAC), All Sky X-ray Monitor (ASM) and Gamma-ray Burst Detector (GBD). The LAC is the main instrument with an effective area of 4000 cm2 giving it the highest sensitivity to hard X-rays so far achieved. Ginga observed about 250 targets up to the end of 1989.

scholarly journals Development of STJ as a New X-Ray Detector

1998 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 335-336
Author(s):  
N. Y. Yamasaki ◽  
T. Ohashi ◽  
K. Kikuchi ◽  
H. Miyazaki ◽  
E. Rokutanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Resolution ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Position Resolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plane Detector ◽  
Nippon Steel Corporation

STJs are promising X-ray detectors as high energy resolution spectrometers due to the small excitation energy to break the Cooper pairs to product detectable electrons. The expected energy resolution is about 5 eV for a 6 keV incident X-rays (see review by Kraus et al. and Esposito et al.). We have developed a large area (178 × 178μm2) Nb/Al/AlOX/Al/Nb STJs (Kurakado et al. 1993) and series-connected STJs with a position resolution of 35μm for α particles (Kurakado 1997) at Nippon Steel Corporation. As a focal plane detector in future X-ray missions, we are developing STJs whose targert characteristics are; an energy resolution of 20 eV at 6keV, an effective area of 1 cm2, and position resolution of 100μm.

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