FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION AND GROWING REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN RURAL CHINA: SOME EVIDENCE IN THE PROVISION OF SOCIAL SERVICES

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
LORAINE A. WEST ◽  
CHRISTINE P. W. WONG
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Regional Disparities

scholarly journals REVIEW ON THE MANIFESTATIONS OF RURAL HOLLOWING

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-145
Author(s):  
Norhafiza binti Abdullah ◽  
AINUR ZAIREEN ZAINUDIN ◽  
NURUL HAWANI IDRIS
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The World ◽  
The Village ◽  
Significant Attention

Rural hollowing is a recent geographic phenomenon that has received significant attention in China, which experienced rapid urbanization. It is formed due to many houses was kept empty by the owner and a lot of new rural house were built outside the village and retaining the old ones in the inner village. It has led to the wasteful use of land resources and abandoned the houses. The purpose of this paper is to review recent research on the manifestation of rural hollowing phenomenon around the world. In this regard, is revise done based on two objectives: Firstly, to identify each manifestation of rural hollowing and secondly to examine the characteristics of each manifestation. The review made mainly in accordance with point researchers findings particularly on the Phenomenon of Rural Hollowing in rural China, Iran, Europe, and other developed countries or regions. The review found that the problems of rural hollowing manifest themselves in the following aspect: land hollowing (LH); population hollowing (PH); economic hollowing (EH); physical hollowing (PhH); hollowing of infrastructure and social services (IH); and cultural hollowing (CH). Each of the manifestations has its own characteristics in order to categorize each of the manifestations of rural hollowing. The review is particularly useful especially in Malaysia, and need for further research in Malaysia according to the problems of vacant and idle houses in the rural area. 

scholarly journals Reorganizing Rural Public Finance: Reforms and Consequences

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Q. Tian
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Administrative Reform ◽  
Intergovernmental Transfers ◽  
Government Finance ◽  
Rural Reform ◽  
Local Government Finance ◽  
Financial Expenditure

This article examines recent reforms to restructure rural public finance in China and their impact on local-government finance. The focus is on how fiscal income and financial expenditure are managed by local-level governments, particularly at the county and township levels, and how rural public and social services are financed. The article also looks at the development of intergovernmental transfers, ongoing administrative reform, more recent initiatives to extend public finance to cover rural residents as part of the comprehensive rural reform, and a new campaign to build a new socialist rural China.

scholarly journals Effects of Fiscal Decentralization on Garbage Classifications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuzhuo Ma ◽  
Diejun Huang ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Yimei Hu ◽  
Krishna P. Paudel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
County Government ◽  
Fund Allocation ◽  
Governance Costs ◽  
The Relationship

China has been promoting garbage classification in its rural areas, yet it lacks financial appropriation and fiscal decentralization to support waste processing projects. Though the existing literature has suggested fiscal decentralization strategies between different local government levels, few of the studies ascertain garbage classification efficiency from a quantitative perspective. To bridge the gap, this study examines the optimal fiscal decentralization strategies for garbage classification. It uses an optimization model while considering decision makers’ requirements regarding the fund allocation amounts at different government levels and the classification ratios in villages as constraints and decisions, respectively. A three-stage heuristic algorithm is applied to determine optimal landfill locations and efficient classification ratios for the garbage processing system in rural China, with an analytical discussion on the propositions and properties of the model. Our analytical results suggest that 1) the theoretically optimal solution is conditionally achievable, 2) the applied algorithm can achieve the optimal solution faster when the relationship between governance costs and classification ratios reaches some mathematical conditions, and 3) there is always a potential for increasing the retained funds between different government levels or for reducing the total appropriation from the county government. The numerical experiment on a primary dataset from 12 towns and 143 villages in the Pingyuan county of Guangdong province, China, does not only affirm the qualitative results, but it also provides insights into the difficulties encountered during the implementation of the garbage classification policy in China’s rural areas.

Evolution of social welfare in rural China: A developmental approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 390-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangdi Han ◽  
Jin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Welfare Services ◽  
Rural Welfare ◽  
Social Welfare Services ◽  
Definition Of

While rural residents still comprise nearly 60 percent of the total population in China, little is known about the evolution of rural welfare. This article explores welfare services in rural China using a broad definition of social welfare: efforts by the entire country and society to promote personal or societal well-being. Diverse approaches have been implemented to provide social services for rural residents with complicated dynamics among different providers, which follows a path different from that in the West. Findings of this study have important policy and research implications for understanding and further developing social welfare services in rural China.

scholarly journals REGIONAL DISPARITIES, PUBLIC POLICIES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN BRAZIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ladvocat ◽  
Vander Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Geographic Concentration ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Fiscal Imbalance ◽  
Vertical Fiscal Imbalance

Fiscal Federalism, the division of economic responsibilities between the central and local government, has been an ongoing debate. The few existing studies on Brazilian’s fiscal structure facing regional economic growth shows conflicting results. However fiscal decentralization can lead to a more efficient provision of local public goods and services to promote welfare state, citizen’s preferences and economic growth, Brazil's policymakers seem to have a different view. In a country where only three states in 26 hold 53% of Brazil’s PNB, disparities shows-up claiming to be solved. There are still some questions as to whether all regions can achieve real gains with greater autonomy. Decentralization may not solve all subnational entities problems, especially the issue of the poorer regions losing competitiveness about the richer regions, which increases regional disparities. In this way, more recent studies have focused on the different channels through which fiscal decentralization can affect the issue of disparities such as taxes and duties, the autonomy of spending and vertical fiscal imbalance. The present work investigates the relationship between fiscal decentralization, regional disparities and economic growth within 26 Brazilian’s states and Federal District, in the period 2001-2012. Attention was given to channels through which decentralization can affect inequality: human capital, vertical fiscal imbalance, population’s geographic concentration, and local taxes. The empirical analysis suggests that a decentralized fiscal structure can reduce regional disparities by implementing better government policies that favor local economic development.

scholarly journals Fiscal Decentralisation, Public Expenditure Management and Human Capital Development in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Stephen I. Ocheni ◽  
Michael Sunday Agba
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
The People ◽  
Fiscal Decentralisation ◽  
Public Expenditure Management ◽  
Capital Development

Abstract The paper focuses on fiscal decentralization, public expenditure management and human capital development in Nigeria. It presents a synergical relationship/nexus between fiscal decentralization, public expenditure management and human capital development and sees fiscal decentralization as an imperative necessity of empowering levels of government with financial resources to bring government closer to the people by the rendition of social services to people within their jurisdictions. The paper further argues that assigned fiscal responsibilities of governmental agencies must be backed up with prudent management of public expenditure (recurrent and capital) which should be aptly targeted at developing the human resources considered as the kingpin of true developmental efforts in any society. Nigeria, a social formation with an estimated population of 180 million persons and the largest economy in Africa has consistently failed in fostering the development of its human capital through budgetary allocations and implementation, fiscal decentralization and public expenditure management. To arrest the trend, the paper calls for a sustained commitment on the part of government in the development of the nation’s resources through sustained budgetary allocations in education, health, agriculture, infrastructural development, training and retraining of workers, power, science and technology and execution of people oriented public programmes/projects.

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