scholarly journals Radical, Staged Approach to Extensive Posterior Fossa Pediatric Ependymoma: 3-Dimensional Operative Video

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-705
Author(s):  
Karol P Budohoski ◽  
Mathew R Guilfoyle ◽  
Damiano G Barone ◽  
Ramez W Kirollos ◽  
Rikin A Trivedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Pediatric Ependymoma ◽  
Staged Approach

scholarly journals P11.02: Feasibility of automated transcerebellar axial plane finder using 3-dimensional volume of the fetal posterior fossa

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (s1) ◽  
pp. 152-152
Author(s):  
I. Lee ◽  
J. Kwon ◽  
H. Cho ◽  
Y. Kim ◽  
Y. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Axial Plane ◽  
3 Dimensional

Classification of the Superior Petrosal Veins and Sinus Based on Drainage Pattern

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Matsushima ◽  
Toshio Matsushima ◽  
Yoshihiro Kuga ◽  
Yuji Kodama ◽  
Kohei Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Lateral Surface ◽  
Preoperative Assessment ◽  
Anatomic Variations ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Middle Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Superior Petrosal Sinus ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle

Abstract BACKGROUND: The increasing number of reports of complications after sacrificing the superior petrosal veins, the largest veins in the posterior fossa, has led to a need for an increased understanding of the anatomy of these veins and the superior petrosal sinus into which they empty. OBJECTIVE: To examine the anatomy of the superior petrosal veins and their size, draining area, and tributaries, as well as the anatomic variations of the superior petrosal sinus. METHOD: Injected cadaveric cerebellopontine angles and 3-dimensional multifusion angiography images were examined. RESULTS: The 4 groups of the superior petrosal veins based on their tributaries, course, and draining areas are the petrosal, posterior mesencephalic, anterior pontomesencephalic, and tentorial groups. The largest group was the petrosal group. Its largest tributary, the vein of the cerebellopontine fissure, was usually identifiable in the suprafloccular cistern located above the flocculus on the lateral surface of the middle cerebellar peduncle. The medial or lateral segment of the superior petrosal sinus was absent in 40% of cerebellopontine angles studied with venography. CONCLUSION: The superior petrosal veins and their largest tributaries, especially the vein of the cerebellopontine fissure, should be preserved if possible. Obliteration of superior petrosal sinuses in which either the lateral or medial portion is absent may result in loss of the drainage pathway of the superior petrosal veins. Preoperative assessment of the superior petrosal sinus should be considered before transpetrosal surgery in which the superior petrosal sinus may be obliterated.

The Vermian-Crest Angle: A New Method to Assess Fetal Vermis Position within the Posterior Fossa Using 3-Dimensional Multiplanar Sonography

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
Marialuigia Spinelli ◽  
Lavinia Di Meglio ◽  
Beatrice Mosimann ◽  
Edoardo Di Naro ◽  
Daniel Surbek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
New Method ◽  
3 Dimensional

scholarly journals CN133, a Novel Brain-Penetrating Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Hampers Tumor Growth in Patient-Derived Pediatric Posterior Fossa Ependymoma Models

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1922
Author(s):  
Roberta Antonelli ◽  
Carlos Jiménez ◽  
Misha Riley ◽  
Tiziana Servidei ◽  
Riccardo Riccardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ◽  
Pediatric Ependymoma ◽  
Apoptotic Pathways ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response

Pediatric ependymoma (EPN) is a highly aggressive tumor of the central nervous system that remains incurable in 40% of cases. In children, the majority of cases develop in the posterior fossa and can be classified into two distinct molecular entities: EPN posterior fossa A (PF-EPN-A) and EPN posterior fossa B (PF-EPN-B). Patients with PF-EPN-A have poor outcome and are in demand of new therapies. In general, PF-EPN-A tumors show a balanced chromosome copy number profile and have no recurrent somatic nucleotide variants. However, these tumors present abundant epigenetic deregulations, thereby suggesting that epigenetic therapies could provide new opportunities for PF-EPN-A patients. In vitro epigenetic drug screening of 11 compounds showed that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) had the highest anti-proliferative activity in two PF-EPN-A patient-derived cell lines. Further screening of 5 new brain-penetrating HDACi showed that CN133 induced apoptosis in vitro, reduced tumor growth in vivo and significantly extended the survival of mice with orthotopically-implanted EPN tumors by modulation of the unfolded protein response, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, and apoptotic pathways among others. In summary, our results provide solid preclinical evidence for the use of CN133 as a new therapeutic agent against PF-EPN-A tumors.

Clipping of High-Risk Dural Arteriovenous Fistula of the Posterior Fossa: 3-Dimensional Operative Video

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Rodriguez Rubio ◽  
Ricky Chae ◽  
W. Caleb Rutledge ◽  
Alex De Vilalta ◽  
Ioannis Kournoutas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Dural Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
3 Dimensional

Technical Nuances of Microvascular Decompression of the Posterior Fossa Cranial Nerves: 3-Dimensional Operative Video

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-487
Author(s):  
Ignacio Jusué-Torres ◽  
Pablo F. Recinos ◽  
Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa ◽  
Michael Lim
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Microvascular Decompression ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
3 Dimensional

Ependymoma Presenting as a ­Rim-Enhancing Lesion in the Brainstem

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Fatema Malbari ◽  
Guillermo Aldave ◽  
Sherri B. Birchansky ◽  
Arnold C. Paulino ◽  
Dolores H. Lopez-Terrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Pediatric Ependymoma ◽  
Proton Beam Radiation ◽  
Grade Ii

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The posterior fossa is the most common intracranial location for pediatric ependymoma. While ependymoma usually arises from the ventricular lining of the fourth ventricle as a solid mass, it rarely originates from the brainstem. Grade II ependymomas also infrequently appear as a cavitary ring-enhancing lesion. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> We describe a case of a 6-year-old boy with an ependymoma arising within the medulla with imaging features of a thick-walled rim-enhancing cavitary lesion. A stereotactic biopsy was obtained which confirmed a grade II ependymoma. The patient received focal proton beam radiation therapy and is doing well with no concerns for disease progression at 28 months after diagnosis. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Posterior fossa ependymomas typically arise from ependymal cells within the fourth ventricle or foramina of Luschka. They rarely invade or arise within the brainstem parenchyma. Our case had atypical imaging findings in addition to the atypical tumor location. The lesion was described as a thick-walled rim-enhancing focal cystic necrotic lesion centered within the medulla with surrounding nonenhancing expansile infiltrative changes. Ring-enhancing lesions can be seen in patients with anaplastic ependymoma, but is not commonly reported in grade II ependymomas. In summary, this report highlights a unique case of a posterior fossa ependymoma in a pediatric patient arising in an atypical brainstem location as well as having unique imaging features.

scholarly journals Cell Ecosystem and Signaling Pathways of Primary and Metastatic Pediatric Posterior Fossa Ependymoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Aubin ◽  
Emma C. Troisi ◽  
Adam N. Alghalith ◽  
MacLean P. Nasrallah ◽  
Mariarita Santi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
Tumor Stem Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Microenvironment ◽  
Pediatric Ependymoma

Pediatric ependymoma is a devastating brain cancer marked by its relapsing pattern and lack of effective chemotherapies. This shortage of treatments is partially due to limited knowledge about ependymoma tumorigenic mechanisms. Although there is evidence that ependymoma originates in radial glia, the specific pathways underlying the progression and metastasis of these tumors are unknown. By means of single-cell transcriptomics, immunofluorescence, and in situ hybridization, we show that the expression profile of tumor cells from pediatric ependymomas in the posterior fossa is consistent with an origin in LGR5+ stem cells. Tumor stem cells recapitulate the developmental lineages of radial glia in neurogenic niches, promote an inflammatory microenvironment in cooperation with microglia, and upon metastatic progression initiate a mesenchymal program driven by reactive gliosis and hypoxia-related genes. Our results uncover the cell ecosystem of pediatric posterior fossa ependymoma and identify WNT/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling as major drivers of tumorigenesis for this cancer.

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