scholarly journals Acute purulent pericarditis due co-infection with Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis as first manifestation of HIV infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Stroppa Lamas ◽  
Ricardo Jose Rogoni Bononi ◽  
Mario Vinicius Angelete Alvarez Bernardes ◽  
Junior Luiz Pasin ◽  
Hector Aurelio Davial Soriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Purulent Pericarditis

Pneumonia in the patient with HIV infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 620-624
Author(s):  
Werner Zimmerli
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Bildgebende Verfahren ◽  
Bronchoalveoläre Lavage

Pneumonien gehören zu den häufigsten HIV-assoziierten Infektionen. Sie können schon früh im Verlauf der HIV-Infektion auftreten. Differentialdiagnostisch kommen vor allem bakterielle Erreger (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae und Mycobacterium tuberculosis) und Pilze (Pneumocystis carinii, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum) vor. Das diagnostische Vorgehen ist abhängig von der Epidemiologie (Reisen) und vom Immunstatus des Erkrankten. Bildgebende Verfahren sind immer notwendig, die mikrobiologische Untersuchung des Sputums sollte angestrebt werden. Bei Patienten mit < 200/ug CD4-Lymphozyten ist in der Regel eine bronchoalveoläre Lavage notwendig. Bei anamnestischem oder epidemiologischem Verdacht auf eine Tuberkulose sollte unabhängig von der CD4-Zellzahl ein Computertomogramm und eine transbronchiale Biopsie durchgeführt werden. Bei der Therapie der Pneumocystis-carinii-Pneumonie muss an die Möglichkeit der Sulfonamidresistenz gedacht werden. Die Primär- und Sekundärprophylaxe kann bei Patienten unter wirksamer antiretroviraler Therapie abgesetzt werden, sobald die CD4-Lymphozyten mindestens drei Monate stabil über dem Grenzwert (200/ug) bleiben.

scholarly journals Predominance of PVL-negative community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 8 in newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Manyahi ◽  
Sabrina J. Moyo ◽  
Said Aboud ◽  
Nina Langeland ◽  
Bjørn Blomberg
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance

AbstractDifficult-to-treat infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are of concern in people living with HIV infection as they are more vulnerable to infection. We aimed to identify molecular characteristics of MRSA colonizing newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults in Tanzania. Individuals newly diagnosed with HIV infection were recruited in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, from April 2017 to May 2018, as part of the randomized clinical trial CoTrimResist (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03087890). Nasal/nasopharyngeal isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were susceptibility tested by disk diffusion method, and cefoxitin-resistant isolates were characterized by short-reads whole genome sequencing. Four percent (22/537) of patients carried MRSA in the nose/nasopharynx. MRSA isolates were frequently resistant towards gentamicin (95%), ciprofloxacin (91%), and erythromycin (82%) but less often towards trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (9%). Seventy-three percent had inducible clindamycin resistance. Erythromycin-resistant isolates harbored ermC (15/18) and LmrS (3/18) resistance genes. Ciprofloxacin resistance was mediated by mutations of the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) sequence in the gyrA (S84L) and parC (S80Y) genes. All isolates belonged to the CC8 and ST8-SCCmecIV MRSA clone. Ninety-five percent of the MRSA isolates were spa-type t1476, and one exhibited spa-type t064. All isolates were negative for Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) and arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) type 1. All ST8-SCCmecIV-spa-t1476 MRSA clones from Tanzania were unrelated to the globally successful USA300 clone. Carriage of ST8 MRSA (non-USA300) was common among newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults in Tanzania. Frequent co-resistance to non-beta lactam antibiotics limits therapeutic options when infection occurs.

scholarly journals Autophagy—A Story of Bacteria Interfering with the Host Cell Degradation Machinery

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Anna K. Riebisch ◽  
Sabrina Mühlen ◽  
Yan Yan Beer ◽  
Ingo Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Intracellular Pathogens ◽  
Response Mechanism ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

Autophagy is a highly conserved and fundamental cellular process to maintain cellular homeostasis through recycling of defective organelles or proteins. In a response to intracellular pathogens, autophagy further acts as an innate immune response mechanism to eliminate pathogens. This review will discuss recent findings on autophagy as a reaction to intracellular pathogens, such as Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and pathogenic Escherichia coli. Interestingly, while some of these bacteria have developed methods to use autophagy for their own benefit within the cell, others have developed fascinating mechanisms to evade recognition, to subvert the autophagic pathway, or to escape from autophagy.

scholarly journals Perfil Epidemiológico da Espondilodiscite Tratada Cirurgicamente

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Soares do Brito ◽  
António Tirado ◽  
Pedro Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Tuberculous Infection ◽  
Paravertebral Abscess ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Relative Constant

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> The term spondylodiscitis aims to describe any spinal infection. Medical treatment is the gold standard; nevertheless, surgical treatment can be indicated. The aim of this work was to study the epidemiological profile in a group of patients with spondylodiscitis surgically treated in the same medical institution between 1997 and 2013. <br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Eighty five patients with spondylodiscitis were surgically treated in this period. The authors analysed clinical data and image studies for each patient.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> We treated 51 male and 34 female patients with an average age of 48 years old (min: 6 - max: 80). The lumbar spine was more often affected and <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> the most frequent pathogen. The number of cases through the years has been grossly stable, with a slight increase of dyscitis due to <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and decrease of the dyscitis without pathogen identification. Paravertebral abscess was identified in 39 patients and 17 had also neurological impairment, mostly located in the thoracic spine and with tuberculous aetheology. Immunosuppression was documented in 10 patients. <br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> In this epidemiologic study we found a tuberculous infection, male gender and young age predominance. Despite a relative constant number of patients operated over the years, pyogenic infections due to <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> seems to be uprising. Paravertebral abscess and neurological impairment are important dyscitis complications, especially in tuberculous cases.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Spinal infections requiring surgical treatment are still an important clinical condition. <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> represent the main pathogens with a growing incidence for the latest.</p>

PURULENT PERICARDITIS IN INFANCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
Welton M. Gersony ◽  
George H. McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Purulent Pericarditis ◽  
Pericardial Drainage ◽  
Overall Mortality

Seven patients less than 2 years of age with purulent pericarditis were encountered. Four infants survived, including the first infant reported with meningococcal pericarditis. Including the present patients, 50 infants with suppurative pericarditis have been described in the literature. The overall mortality was 67%; it was 47% among patients in whom the diagnosis was made clinically. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common infecting organism, and it was responsible for the greatest number of deaths. Pulmonary infection was by far the most frequently observed associated illness, whereas purulent pericarditis occurring as a primary infection was rare. Survival from purulent pericarditis depends upon adequate pericardial drainage with antimicrobial therapy. Antibiotics alone have not been successful in the treatment of this disease.

Thioamide Derivative of the Potent Antitubercular 2-(Decylsulfonyl)acetamide is Less Active Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but a More Potent Antistaphylococcal Agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 716
Author(s):  
Hsien-Kuo Sun ◽  
Angel Pang ◽  
Dylan C. Farr ◽  
Tamim Mosaiab ◽  
Warwick J. Britton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Lawesson’S Reagent ◽  
Lawesson's Reagent ◽  
Structural Simplicity

Due to the prevalence of thioamides in antibacterial compounds, we chose to convert the amide in the antitubercular compound 2-(decylsulfonyl)acetamide to a thioamide using Lawesson’s reagent to study its activity against a range of microorganisms. This derivative (8) had significantly diminished activity against tuberculosis but slightly better activity than the parent compound against the Gram positive species Staphylococcus aureus. This activity against a second major pathogen is remarkable considering the structural simplicity of these compounds.

scholarly journals Rapid antibiotic-resistance predictions from genome sequence data for Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phelim Bradley ◽  
N. Claire Gordon ◽  
Timothy M. Walker ◽  
Laura Dunn ◽  
Simon Heys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Graph Representation ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Independent Validation ◽  
Validation Set ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to an urgent need for rapid detection of drug resistance in clinical samples, and improvements in global surveillance. Here we show how de Bruijn graph representation of bacterial diversity can be used to identify species and resistance profiles of clinical isolates. We implement this method for Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a software package (‘Mykrobe predictor’) that takes raw sequence data as input, and generates a clinician-friendly report within 3 minutes on a laptop. For S. aureus, the error rates of our method are comparable to gold-standard phenotypic methods, with sensitivity/specificity of 99.1%/99.6% across 12 antibiotics (using an independent validation set, n=470). For M. tuberculosis, our method predicts resistance with sensitivity/specificity of 82.6%/98.5% (independent validation set, n=1,609); sensitivity is lower here, probably because of limited understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms. We give evidence that minor alleles improve detection of extremely drug-resistant strains, and demonstrate feasibility of the use of emerging single-molecule nanopore sequencing techniques for these purposes.

Purulent Pericarditis Due to Paronychia in a 16-Month-Old Child: A Nail-Biting Story

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. NP125-NP128
Author(s):  
Neha Bansal ◽  
Henry L. Walters ◽  
Daisuke Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cardiac Tamponade ◽  
Constrictive Pericarditis ◽  
Median Sternotomy ◽  
Purulent Pericarditis ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Nail Biting ◽  
Significant Mortality

Purulent pericarditis is a rare infectious disease with significant mortality, even in the modern antibiotic era. The presenting signs can often be subtle and patients can deteriorate rapidly with cardiac tamponade. We report a previously healthy 16-month-old female who developed purulent pericarditis associated with paronychia and sepsis caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. In addition to antibiotic treatment, she required emergent pericardiocentesis for cardiac tamponade, followed by two surgical interventions including full median sternotomy incision and partial pericardiectomy. At 4-month follow-up, she did well with no evidence of constrictive pericarditis on echocardiogram.

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