Masterpiece Cakeshop and the Foundations of Free Speech and Toleration

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-287
Author(s):  
Jeremy D Tedesco
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Legal Argument ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Square ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Deep Disagreements ◽  
Natural Result ◽  
The Uk

Abstract What do Masterpiece Cakeshop, Ltd v Colorado Civil Rights Commission, other leading cases from the USA, Canada, and the UK, and Teresa Bejan’s concept of ‘mere civility’, teach us about free speech and toleration? This article seeks to answer that question and suggest a path forward that allows people with deep disagreements about fundamental social and moral issues to live peaceably together despite their differences. This article defends two primary claims: First, ‘mere civility’ is complimentary to a broader legal argument for protecting the freedom of all members of a society to espouse and live out their views within the context of the public square and marketplace; and Second, compelling speech (or agreement) under the guise of civility endangers liberty and genuine equality. When freedom is properly protected, ‘mere civility’ is the natural result, while attempts to achieve something more than ‘mere civility’ invariably jeopardize freedom.

scholarly journals Members of the public in the USA, UK, Canada and Australia expressing genetic exceptionalism say they are more willing to donate genomic data

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Middleton ◽  
◽  
Richard Milne ◽  
Heidi Howard ◽  
Emilia Niemiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Scientific Value

AbstractPublic acceptance is critical for sharing of genomic data at scale. This paper examines how acceptance of data sharing pertains to the perceived similarities and differences between DNA and other forms of personal data. It explores the perceptions of representative publics from the USA, Canada, the UK and Australia (n = 8967) towards the donation of DNA and health data. Fifty-two percent of this public held ‘exceptionalist’ views about genetics (i.e., believed DNA is different or ‘special’ compared to other types of medical information). This group was more likely to be familiar with or have had personal experience with genomics and to perceive DNA information as having personal as well as clinical and scientific value. Those with personal experience with genetics and genetic exceptionalist views were nearly six times more likely to be willing to donate their anonymous DNA and medical information for research than other respondents. Perceived harms from re-identification did not appear to dissuade publics from being willing to participate in research. The interplay between exceptionalist views about genetics and the personal, scientific and clinical value attributed to data would be a valuable focus for future research.

scholarly journals Dietary strategies for the management of cardiovascular risk: role of dietary carbohydrates

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrates ◽  
Scientific Advisory Committee ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Dietary Strategies

Carbohydrate-rich foods are an essential component of the diet, providing the glucose that is continuously required by the nervous system and some other cells and tissues in the body for normal function. There is some concern that too much carbohydrate or certain types of carbohydrate such as fructose or the high glycaemic index carbohydrate foods that produce large, rapid increases in blood glucose may be detrimental to health. This review considers these issues and also summarises the public health advice currently available in Europe and the USA concerning dietary carbohydrates. The UK Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition is currently reviewing carbohydrates and health, and the subsequent report should help clarify some of the concerns regarding carbohydrates and health.

Internet search query analysis can be used to demonstrate the rapidly increasing public awareness of palliative care in the USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah McLean ◽  
Paul Lennon ◽  
Paul Glare
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Search Query ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundA lack of public awareness of palliative care (PC) has been identified as one of the main barriers to appropriate PC access. Internet search query analysis is a novel methodology, which has been effectively used in surveillance of infectious diseases, and can be used to monitor public awareness of health-related topics.ObjectivesWe aimed to demonstrate the utility of internet search query analysis to evaluate changes in public awareness of PC in the USA between 2005 and 2015.MethodsGoogle Trends provides a referenced score for the popularity of a search term, for defined regions over defined time periods. The popularity of the search term ‘palliative care’ was measured monthly between 1/1/2005 and 31/12/2015 in the USA and in the UK.ResultsResults were analysed using independent t-tests and joinpoint analysis. The mean monthly popularity of the search term increased between 2008–2009 (p<0.001), 2011–2012 (p<0.001), 2013–2014 (p=0.004) and 2014–2015 (p=0.002) in the USA. Joinpoint analysis was used to evaluate the monthly percentage change (MPC) in the popularity of the search term. In the USA, the MPC increase was 0.6%/month (p<0.05); in the UK the MPC of 0.05% was non-significant.DiscussionAlthough internet search query surveillance is a novel methodology, it is freely accessible and has significant potential to monitor health-seeking behaviour among the public. PC is rapidly growing in the USA, and the rapidly increasing public awareness of PC as demonstrated in this study, in comparison with the UK, where PC is relatively well established is encouraging in increasingly ensuring appropriate PC access for all.

scholarly journals Media coverage of mental health care in the UK, USA and Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 331-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Huang ◽  
Stefan Priebe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Uk

Aims and MethodWe aimed to assess the contents and tone of articles on mental health care in the UK print media by comparing them with reporting in the USA and Australia. Two broadsheets from each country were analysed using the Internet for a random 4 months over a 1-year period. The number of articles, their content and the views expressed in them were identified and compared.ResultsA total of 118 articles on mental health care issues were found. The predominant tone of the articles in all three countries was negative, though there were slightly more positive articles in the USA and Australian media. Positive articles highlighted in the UK media covered mostly medical conferences and research findings.Clinical ImplicationsEfforts to achieve a more positive attitude towards people with mental illnesses in the public, such as anti-stigma campaigns, operate against a background of predominantly negative coverage of mental health care issues in broadsheets. The coverage in the UK may tend to be even less positive than in the USA and Australia. Medical conferences and research findings can, however, be used to promote positive views of mental health care in the media.

scholarly journals Issue Alignment and Partisanship in the American Public: Revisiting the 'Partisans without Constraint' Thesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin C Kozlowski ◽  
James P. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Culture Wars ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Election Studies

Prior studies of American polarization suggest that the public gradually sorted themselves into partisan camps in the late 20th century while remaining largely non-ideological. Drawing on more recent data, we reassess these trends and discover a striking increase in the ideological organization of American public opinion in the beginning of the 21st century. Using a broad set of issues from the American National Election Studies, we identify rapid growth in the correlations between political attitudes from 2004 to 2016. This emergence of issue alignment is most pronounced within the economic and civil rights domains, challenging the notion that current "culture wars" are grounded in moral issues. While elite subpopulations show the greatest gains, we find that economic issues become more highly correlated across the electorate. We also find accelerated growth in the association between issue attitudes and partisanship during this period. These findings paint a new picture of the American electorate as not only highly partisan but increasingly ideological.

8. Hate crime

2021 ◽  
pp. 211-235
Author(s):  
Angus Nurse ◽  
Mark Walters
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Homophobic Violence ◽  
The Us ◽  
Civil Rights Movements ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk

This chapter addresses hate crimes, which are complex, as these offences can be linked to both personal gain or even profit, as well as concepts such as ‘difference’ and ‘othering’. This area of criminology came about primarily because the civil rights movements in the US and the UK raised the profile of racist and (later) homophobic violence so that they became important political and social issues. The chapter looks at a range of different types of hate crime, including offences based on prejudice towards victims because of their disability, race or ethnicity, religion or beliefs, sexual orientation, and gender identity. It also identifies some of the factors that can affect these offences in ways that are not immediately obvious. These elements include the influence politicians can have, especially when using language that excludes minority groups and portrays them as a threat to the public or as somehow being ‘Other’ (different and arguably not to be trusted).

Analysis and visualization of COVID-19 discourse on Twitter using data science: a case study of the USA, the UK and India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider Ilyas ◽  
Ahmed Anwar ◽  
Ussama Yaqub ◽  
Zamil Alzamil ◽  
Deniz Appelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sentiment ◽  
The People ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

Purpose This paper aims to understand, examine and interpret the main concerns and emotions of the people regarding COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, the USA and India using Data Science measures. Design/methodology/approach This study implements unsupervised and supervised machine learning methods, i.e. topic modeling and sentiment analysis on Twitter data for extracting the topics of discussion and calculating public sentiment. Findings Governments and policymakers remained the focus of public discussion on Twitter during the first three months of the pandemic. Overall, public sentiment toward the pandemic remained neutral except for the USA. Originality/value This paper proposes a Data Science-based approach to better understand the public topics of concern during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Patterns of National Integration in Response to Growing Immigration

2015 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
K. Zaika
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
National Development ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
National Integration ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

The paper summarizes immigration policy models in Germany, France, the UK, the USA and Canada in response to the growing immigration flows since the second half of the XXth century. By contrast with “traditional” nation states of Western Europe, the USA and Canada have developed on the basis of the settler colonies having melted immigrants of various ethnic and cultural origins. The USA and Canada have been prioritizing immigration as a factor of their national development. Although public culture in these immigration states has been developing on some specific cultural patterns, American and Canadian societies have not generated the concepts and perceptions of an “ethno-cultural” core of the nation as such. One of the reasons for current integration issues in the West is the struggle of immigrants for their collective cultural rights in host societies. Differences in political culture between Western European states and immigration states (the USA and Canada in this case) determine the gap in the institutionalization of collective rights for immigrants and, correspondingly, specific character of integration issues. Transition to the pluralistic model of national integration in the USA and Canada is determined by the following factors. First, due to mass immigration, there emerged liberalization of immigration policies. Secondly, in the post-war period, political cultures in liberal democracies witnessed a pronounced republican tendency, due to the ideological influence generated in times of The African-American Civil Rights Movement.

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