scholarly journals Risk Factors for BI/NAP1/027 Clostridioides difficile Infections and Clinical Outcomes Compared With Non-NAP1 Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandita S Mani ◽  
John B Lynch ◽  
Ferric C Fang ◽  
Jeannie D Chan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Nursing Facilities ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Skilled Nursing ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection

Abstract We aim to describe the characteristics, risk factors, and clinical outcomes associated with NAP1 strain Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in this single-center, retrospective, case–control (1:1) study. We found that the NAP1 strain accounted for 19.7% of CDI, and risk factors for acquisition included residence in skilled nursing facilities, previous CDI, and proton pump inhibitor use.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and survival analysis in critical and non-critical patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a single-center retrospective case control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Tian ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Chunyao Wang ◽  
Haiyu Pang ◽  
Zhiyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Critical Patients ◽  
Qsofa Score ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in China at the end of 2019, the world has experienced a large-scale epidemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2. Epidemiological and clinical course of COVID-19 patients have been reported, but there have been few analyses about the characteristics, predictive risk factors and outcomes of critical patients. In this single-center retrospective case-control study, 90 adult inpatients hospitalized at Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China) were included. Demographic, clinical, laboratory test and treatment data were obtained and compared between critical and non-critical patients. We found that compared with non-critical patients, the critical patients had higher SOFA score and qSOFA scores. Critical patients had lower lymphocyte and platelet count, elevated D-dimer, decreased fibrinogen, and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin-6(IL-6). More critical patients received treatment including antibiotics, anticoagulation, corticosteroid and oxygen therapy than non-critical ones. Multivariable regression showed higher qSOFA score and elevation of IL-6 were related to critical patients. Antibiotic usage and anticoagulation were associated with decreased in-hospital mortality. And critical grouping contributed greatly to in-hospital death. Critical COVID-19 patients have a more severe clinical cours. qSOFA score and elevation of IL-6 are risk factors for critical condition. Non-critical grouping, positive antibiotic application and anticoagulation may be beneficial for patient survival.

Clinical outcomes and risk factors of post-polypectomy coagulation syndrome: a multicenter, retrospective, case-control study

Endoscopy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cha ◽  
K. Lim ◽  
S. Lee ◽  
Y. Joo ◽  
S. Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals The Burden of Clostridioides Difficile Infection during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Case-Control Study in Italian Hospitals (CloVid)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3855
Author(s):  
Guido Granata ◽  
Alessandro Bartoloni ◽  
Mauro Codeluppi ◽  
Ilaria Contadini ◽  
Francesco Cristini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
And Control

Data on the burden of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are scant. We conducted an observational, retrospective, multicenter, 1:3 case (COVID-19 patients with CDI)-control (COVID-19 patients without CDI) study in Italy to assess incidence and outcomes, and to identify risk factors for CDI in COVID-19 patients. From February through July 2020, 8402 COVID-19 patients were admitted to eight Italian hospitals; 38 CDI cases were identified, including 32 hospital-onset-CDI (HO-CDI) and 6 community-onset, healthcare-associated-CDI (CO-HCA-CDI). HO-CDI incidence was 4.4 × 10,000 patient-days. The percentage of cases recovering without complications at discharge (i.e., pressure ulcers, chronic heart decompensation) was lower than among controls (p = 0.01); in-hospital stays was longer among cases, 35.0 versus 19.4 days (p = 0.0007). The presence of a previous hospitalisation (p = 0.001), previous steroid administration (p = 0.008) and the administration of antibiotics during the stay (p = 0.004) were risk factors associated with CDI. In conclusions, CDI complicates COVID-19, mainly in patients with co-morbidities and previous healthcare exposures. Its association with antibiotic usage and hospital acquired bacterial infections should lead to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship programmes and infection prevention and control activities.

scholarly journals Clostridioides difficile infection after cardiac surgery: Assessment of prevalence, risk factors and clinical outcomes—retrospective study

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9972
Author(s):  
Anna Rzucidło-Hymczak ◽  
Hubert Hymczak ◽  
Aldona Olechowska-Jarząb ◽  
Anna Gorczyca ◽  
Boguslaw Kapelak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Coronary Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Prolonged Stay ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
History Of

Background Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea. There is little available data regarding risk factors of CDI for patients who undergo cardiac surgery. The study evaluated the course of CDI in patients after cardiac surgery. Methods Of 6,198 patients studied, 70 (1.1%) developed CDI. The control group consisted of 73 patients in whom CDI was excluded. Perioperative data and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results Patients with CDI were significantly older in comparison to the control group (median age 73.0 vs 67.0, P = 0.005) and more frequently received proton pump inhibitors, statins, β-blockers and acetylsalicylic acid before surgery (P = 0.008, P = 0.012, P = 0.004, and P = 0.001, respectively). In addition, the presence of atherosclerosis, coronary disease and history of malignant neoplasms correlated positively with the development of CDI (P = 0.012, P = 0.036 and P = 0.05, respectively). There were no differences in the type or timing of surgery, aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass time, volume of postoperative drainage and administration of blood products between the studied groups. Relapse was more common among overweight patients with high postoperative plasma glucose or patients with higher C-reactive protein during the first episode of CDI, as well as those with a history of coronary disease or diabetes mellitus (P = 0.005, P = 0.030, P = 0.009, P = 0.049, and P = 0.025, respectively). Fifteen patients died (21.4%) from the CDI group and 7 (9.6%) from the control group (P = 0.050). Emergent procedures, prolonged stay in the intensive care unit, longer mechanical ventilation and high white blood cell count during the diarrhea were associated with higher mortality among patients with CDI (P = 0.05, P = 0.041, P = 0.004 and P = 0.007, respectively). Conclusions The study did not reveal any specific cardiac surgery-related risk factors for development of CDI.

scholarly journals Mortality Following Clostridioides difficile Infection in Europe: A Retrospective Multicenter Case-Control Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Jacek Czepiel ◽  
Marcela Krutova ◽  
Assaf Mizrahi ◽  
Nagham Khanafer ◽  
David A. Enoch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Control Study

We aimed to describe the clinical presentation, treatment, outcome and report on factors associated with mortality over a 90-day period in Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate regression analyses were performed on data collected in a retrospective case-control study conducted in nine hospitals from seven European countries. A total of 624 patients were included, of which 415 were deceased (cases) and 209 were still alive 90 days after a CDI diagnosis (controls). The most common antibiotics used previously in both groups were β-lactams; previous exposure to fluoroquinolones was significantly (p = 0.0004) greater in deceased patients. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the factors independently related with death during CDI were older age, inadequate CDI therapy, cachexia, malignancy, Charlson Index, long-term care, elevated white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), bacteraemia, complications, and cognitive impairment. In addition, older age, higher levels of WBC, neutrophil, CRP or creatinine, the presence of malignancy, cognitive impairment, and complications were strongly correlated with shortening the time from CDI diagnosis to death. CDI prevention should be primarily focused on hospitalised elderly people receiving antibiotics. WBC, neutrophil count, CRP, creatinine, albumin and lactate levels should be tested in every hospitalised patient treated for CDI to assess the risk of a fatal outcome.

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