scholarly journals Routine Immediate Eye Examination at the Point of Care for Diagnosis of AIDS-Related Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Among Patients With a CD4 Count <100 in Myanmar

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Win Le Shwe Sin Ei ◽  
Kyi Pyar Soe ◽  
Adelene Hilbig ◽  
Jillian Murray ◽  
David Heiden
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Eye Examination ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract A retrospective review of diagnosis of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) before and after introduction of routine immediate eye examination among AIDS patients in Myanmar with an absolute CD4 T-cell count &lt;100 cells/μL demonstrated an increased detection of CMVR from 1.1% (14/1233) to 10.7% (65/608), an improvement of ~10-fold. Diagnosis of CMVR was achieved a mean of 2 days after clinic enrollment.

scholarly journals PIMATM point-of-care testing for CD4 counts in predicting antiretroviral initiation in HIV-infected individuals in KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandisa Skhosana ◽  
Shabashini Reddy ◽  
Tarylee Reddy ◽  
Siphelele Ntoyanto ◽  
Elizabeth Spooner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Introduction: Limited information is available on the usefulness of the PIMATM analyser in predicting antiretroviral treatment eligibility and outcome in a primary healthcare clinic setting in disadvantaged communities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Materials and methods: The study was conducted under the eThekwini Health Unit, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. Comparison of the enumeration of CD4+ T-cells in 268 patients using the PIMATM analyser and the predicate National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) was undertaken during January to July 2013. Bland-Altman analysis to calculate bias and limits of agreement, precision and levels of clinical misclassification at various CD4+ T-cell count thresholds was performed.Results: There was high precision of the PIMATM control bead cartridges with low and normal CD4+ T-cell counts using three different PIMATM analysers (%CV < 5). Under World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (≤ 500 cells/mm3), the sensitivity of the PIMATM analyser was 94%, specificity 78% and positive predictive value (PPV) 95%. There were 24 (9%) misclassifications, of which 13 were false-negative in whom the mean bias was 149 CD4+ T-cells/mm3. Most (87%) patients returned for their CD4 test result but only 67% (110/164) of those eligible (≤ 350 cells/mm3) were initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a time to treatment of 49 days (interquartile range [IQR], 42–64 days).Conclusion: There was adequate agreement between PIMATM analyser and predicate NHLS CD4+ T-cell count enumeration (≤ 500 cells/mm3) in adult HIV-positive individuals. The high PPV, sensitivity and acceptable specificity of the PIMATM analyser technology lend it as a reliable tool in predicting eligibility and rapid linkage to care in ART programmes.Keywords: HIV; Point of Care; PIMATM CD4+ T cell counts; antiretroviral therapy; prediction/eligibility; South Africa

scholarly journals Implementation of Point-of-Care Diagnostics Leads to Variable Uptake of Syphilis, Anemia and CD4+ T-Cell Count Testing in Rural Maternal and Child Health Clinics

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e0135744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline De Schacht ◽  
Carlota Lucas ◽  
Nádia Sitoe ◽  
Rhoderick Machekano ◽  
Patrina Chongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

scholarly journals Preclinical Assessment of a Cartridge-Based Flow-Through Assay for Determination of Adult CD4 T-Cell Count

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Simon Bystryak ◽  
Chitrangada Acharya ◽  
Kyle Dobiszewski ◽  
Hongying Zhu ◽  
Rajiv P. Bandwar
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Background: Despite the emphasis on viral load testing, current HIV testing guidelines consider CD4 T-cell count measurement as an important criterion for assessing disease progression, making decisions about anti-retroviral therapy regime changes, and treating HIV infected individuals with opportunistic infections. The CD4 counting by established methods (e.g., flow cytometry) presents challenges not only in resource-scarce settings due to cost and lack of skilled technicians but also in resource-rich areas where it is limited to centralized facilities. Objective: Current options for Point-Of-Care (POC) CD4 enumeration are few and labor-intensive, prompting the need for newer technological methods that can overcome the aforementioned challenges. Methods: The novel and patented flow-through cell counting assay (FTCA) described previously (Bystryak et al., 2019) was developed further into a point-of-care CD4 testing system using a disposable cartridge device and a portable imaging instrument. A pilot study with ~100 samples using this device was conducted to assess the validity of FTCA as a POC test for the measurement of CD4 count. Results: The FTCA signal was found to be linear over a wide range (17 - 1540 cells/μL) of CD4 T-cell concentration. The FTCA method also exhibits a strong agreement with flow cytometry, with very low bias (− 7 cells/μL) towards CD4 count measurement. Conclusion: The cartridge-based FTCA method has great potential to be a fully quantitative method with low complexity, portability, low-cost, and wide applicability in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Manifestasi klinis tipe kandidiasis oral pada penderita AIDS di Rumah Sakit Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Makassar (Clinical manifestations of oral candidiasis types in AIDS patients at Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar)

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Sumintarti Sumintarti ◽  
Andi Rasdiana S
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Oral candidiasis is one of clinical manifestations in aquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. This conditionis a common opportunistic infection of the oral cavity caused by an overgrowth of Candida spesies. The clinical types oforal candidiasis are erythematous or atropic, pseudomembranous, hyperplastic or chronic, and angular cheilitis. AIDS isgroup of symptoms that resulting from infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This case is associated with thedecreasing of CD4 count. The aimof this study was to know the types of oral candidiasis on AIDS patients at Dr WahidinSudirohusodo Hospital. This observational studywith a cross-sectional design examined 30 patients with AIDS whosuffered fromoral candidiasis, to determine its type after the diagnosis had confirmed by culture test. Their CD4 cellcount taken fromtheir medical records. The result showed that Pseudomembranous candidiasis were found to be higher(76.7%), that was followed by angular cheilitis (23.3%), hyperplastic (16.7%), and erythematous (6.7%). They wereshowed showed CD4 T cell count <200 cells/mm3 (63.3%). From this study, it was concluded that pseudomembranous candidiasis is the most common type and showed that CD4 T cell count <200cells/mmfrom the AIDS patients.

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