scholarly journals Erratum to Multiplicity of Infection Is a Poor Predictor of Village-Level Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum Population Prevalence in the Southwest Pacific

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Multiplicity Of Infection ◽  
Southwest Pacific ◽  
Village Level ◽  
Population Prevalence ◽  
Poor Predictor ◽  
Falciparum Population

scholarly journals Multiplicity of Infection Is a Poor Predictor of Village-Level Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum Population Prevalence in the Southwest Pacific

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Koepfli ◽  
Andreea Waltmann ◽  
Maria Ome-Kaius ◽  
Leanne J Robinson ◽  
Ivo Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Multiplicity Of Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Population Prevalence ◽  
Poor Predictor ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Transmission Foci ◽  
Falciparum Population

Abstract Across 8101 individuals in 46 villages, the proportion of Plasmodium spp. multiple clone infections (0%–53.8%) did not reflect prevalence by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR; 1.9%–38.4%), except for P. vivax in Solomon Islands (P < .001). Thus this parameter was not informative to identify transmission foci. In contrast, prevalence by microscopy and qPCR correlated well.

scholarly journals Increasingly inbred and fragmented populations of Plasmodium vivax associated with the eastward decline in malaria transmission across the Southwest Pacific

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e0006146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea Waltmann ◽  
Cristian Koepfli ◽  
Natacha Tessier ◽  
Stephan Karl ◽  
Abebe Fola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Fragmented Populations ◽  
Southwest Pacific

scholarly journals Efficacy of Primaquine in Preventing Short- and Long-Latency Plasmodium vivax Relapses in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komal Raj Rijal ◽  
Bipin Adhikari ◽  
Prakash Ghimire ◽  
Megha Raj Banjara ◽  
Garib Das Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Multiplicity Of Infection ◽  
Microsatellite Genotyping ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Relapse Patterns

Abstract Background Plasmodium vivax is the main cause of malaria in Nepal. Relapse patterns have not been characterized previously. Methods Patients with P. vivax malaria were randomized to receive chloroquine (CQ; 25 mg base/kg given over 3 days) alone or together with primaquine (PQ; 0.25 mg base/kg/day for 14 days) and followed intensively for 1 month, then at 1- to 2-month intervals for 1 year. Parasite isolates were genotyped. Results One hundred and one (49%) patients received CQ and 105 (51%) received CQ + PQ. In the CQ + PQ arm, there were 3 (4.1%) recurrences in the 73 patients who completed 1 year of follow-up compared with 22 of 78 (28.2%) in the CQ-only arm (risk ratio, 0.146 [95% confidence interval, .046–.467]; P < .0001). Microsatellite genotyping showed relatively high P. vivax genetic diversity (mean heterozygosity, 0.843 [range 0.570–0.989] with low multiplicity of infection (mean, 1.05) reflecting a low transmission preelimination setting. Of the 12 genetically homologous relapses, 5 (42%) occurred in a cluster after 9 months, indicating long latency. Conclusions Although there may be emerging CQ resistance, the combination of CQ and the standard-dose 14-day PQ regimen is highly efficacious in providing radical cure of short- and long-latency P. vivax malaria in Nepal.

scholarly journals Multiplicity of Infection and Disease Severity in Plasmodium vivax

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e0004355 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Andreína Pacheco ◽  
Mary Lopez-Perez ◽  
Andrés F. Vallejo ◽  
Sócrates Herrera ◽  
Myriam Arévalo-Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Multiplicity Of Infection

scholarly journals Forest malaria in Cambodia: the occupational and spatial clustering of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infection risk in a cross-sectional survey in Mondulkiri province, Cambodia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirco Sandfort ◽  
Amélie Vantaux ◽  
Saorin Kim ◽  
Thomas Obadia ◽  
Anaïs Pepey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
National Goal ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Village Level

Abstract Background After a marked reduction in malaria burden in Cambodia over the last decades, case numbers increased again in 2017–2018. In light of the national goal of malaria elimination by 2025, remaining pockets of high risk need to be well defined and strategies well-tailored to identify and target the persisting burden cost-effectively. This study presents species-specific prevalence estimates and risk stratification for a remote area in Cambodia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 17 villages in the high-incidence province Mondulkiri in the dry season (December 2017 to April 2018). 4200 randomly selected participants (2–80 years old) were tested for Plasmodium infection by PCR. Risk of infection was associated with questionnaire-derived covariates and spatially stratified based on household GPS coordinates. Results The prevalence of PCR-detectable Plasmodium infection was 8.3% (349/4200) and was more than twice as high for Plasmodium vivax (6.4%, 268) than for Plasmodium falciparum (3.0%, 125, p < 0.001). 97.8% (262/268) of P. vivax and 92.8% (116/125, p < 0.05) of P. falciparum infections were neither accompanied by symptoms at the time of the interview nor detected by microscopy or RDT. Recent travels to forest sites (aOR 2.17, p < 0.01) and forest work (aOR 2.88, p < 0.001) were particularly strong risk factors and risk profiles for both species were similar. Large village-level differences in prevalence of Plasmodium infection were observed, ranging from 0.6% outside the forest to 40.4% inside. Residing in villages at the forest fringe or inside the forest compared to outside was associated with risk of infection (aOR 2.14 and 12.47, p < 0.001). Villages inside the forest formed spatial hotspots of infection despite adjustment for the other risk factors. Conclusions Persisting pockets of high malaria risk were detected in forested areas and in sub-populations engaging in forest-related activities. High levels of asymptomatic infections suggest the need of better case detection plans and the predominance of P. vivax the implementation of radical cure. In villages inside the forest, within-village exposure was indicated in addition to risk due to forest activities. Village-level stratification of targeted interventions based on forest proximity could render the elimination efforts more cost-effective and successful.

Prevalence of Inhibitors in a Population of 3435 Hemophilia Patients in France

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (06) ◽  
pp. 600-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Sultan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Hemophilia B ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Cooperative Study ◽  
Population Prevalence ◽  
French Study ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Recombinant Fviii ◽  
High Responders

SummaryA cooperative study between the 37 centers of the French Hemophilia Study Group was undertaken to establish the prevalence of inhibitor patients in the French hemophilia population. The prevalence reported in the literature varies widely from 3.6% to 17.5%. Some of the studies are dealing with a small number of patients and inhibitor patients are reported either to the total number of hemophiliacs or to the severely affected ones. The French study provided information concerning 3,435 hemophiliacs and showed a prevalence of 6.2% for the overall population. Prevalence of inhibitors was found to be 7% in the population of hemophilia A patients and 12.8% in the population of severely affected ones. The prevalence of inhibitors in the population of hemophilia B patients was 2% and 4% in the population of severely affected hemophilia B patients. The cooperative study also showed that 47.5% of inhibitors are detected before 10 years of age and that 82% of inhibitor patients are high responders. Analysis of inhibitor detection in patients under the age often showed that there was a peak in the population of 2 years old children. Although not comparable to the present study the high incidence of inhibitors with ultrapurified and recombinant FVIII reported in previously untransfused patient may be borne in mind.

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