scholarly journals Corrigendum: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection and Re-activation During Nucleos(t)ide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor–Sparing Antiretroviral Therapy in a High–HBV Endemicity Setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Abdullahi ◽  
Olga Mafotsing Fopoussi ◽  
Judith Torimiro ◽  
Mark Atkins ◽  
Charles Kouanfack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection and Re-activation During Nucleos(t)ide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor–Sparing Antiretroviral Therapy in a High–HBV Endemicity Setting

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Abdullahi ◽  
Olga Mafotsing Fopoussi ◽  
Judith Torimiro ◽  
Mark Atkins ◽  
Charles Kouanfack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Study Entry ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

Abstract Background We monitored the evolution of markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in virologically suppressed HIV-positive patients switching to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)–sparing antiretroviral therapy within a randomized trial in Cameroon. Methods   HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV DNA, and antibodies against surface (anti-HBs), core (total anti-HBc), and e-antigen (anti-HBe) were measured retrospectively in samples collected at study entry and over 48 weeks after NRTI discontinuation. Results Participants (n = 80, 75% females) had a plasma HIV-1 RNA <60 copies/mL, a median CD4 count of 466 cells/mm3, and undetectable HBsAg and HBV DNA at study entry. After NRTI discontinuation, 3/20 (15.0%) anti-HBc-negative patients showed evidence indicative or suggestive of incident HBV infection (163 cases/1000 person-years); 6/60 (10.0%) anti-HBc-positive patients showed evidence indicative or suggestive of HBV reactivation (109 cases/1000 person-years). In one case of reactivation, anti-HBs increased from 14 to >1000 IU/L; sequencing showed HBV genotype A3 and 3 escape mutations in surface (Y100C, K122R, Y161FY). Alongside new-onset detection of HBsAg or HBV DNA, 1 patient experienced acute hepatitis and 6 patients experienced mild or marginal increases in serum transaminase levels. Conclusions Evolving treatment strategies for sub-Saharan Africa must be accompanied by the formulation and implementation of policy to guide appropriate assessment and management of HBV status.

scholarly journals Effect of HIV Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy on Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)–Specific T Cell Responses in Patients Who Have Resolved HBV Infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 191 (7) ◽  
pp. 1169-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Monica Lascar ◽  
A. Ross Lopes ◽  
Richard J. Gilson ◽  
Claire Dunn ◽  
Ruth Johnstone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Screening for Hepatitis B Virus among HIV Infected Women Seeking Antiretroviral Therapy at National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Y. Ya’aba ◽  
S. B. Mohammed ◽  
K. T. Olatunji ◽  
A. R. Abdulmumin ◽  
A. Abubakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research And Development

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is endemic and well documented in different locations of Nigeria among different sub-groups. Information regarding the prevalence of HBV in HIV infected women is scarce especially in Abuja, the capital city of Nigeria. Aim: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among HIV infected women seeking for antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional study was carried out in our laboratory from May, 2017 to March, 2019 among 1,386 recruited HIV infected women that were screened for HBsAg. Positive samples were confirmed using ELISA. Their socio-demographic data were collected using a questionnaire and written informed consent was obtained prior to study. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution table and SPSS (version 20.0). Results: Out of the 1,386 HIV infected women tested, 114 were seropositive for HBV infection giving an infection prevalence of 8.2%. The highest prevalence (2.2%) was observed at age group 25 – 29 years and followed by (1.7%) at age groups of 20 – 24 and 35 – 39 years. Conclusion: This finding confirms high endemic of HBV infection. We recommend that HIV infected women should be routinely screened for HBV as part of ART commencement requirement.

scholarly journals Review of Lambda Interferons in Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Outcomes and Therapeutic Strategies

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1090
Author(s):  
Laura A. Novotny ◽  
John Grayson Evans ◽  
Lishan Su ◽  
Haitao Guo ◽  
Eric G. Meissner
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Type I Interferons ◽  
Type I ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects over 250 million people worldwide and causes nearly 1 million deaths per year due to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Approved treatments for chronic infection include injectable type-I interferons and nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. A small minority of patients achieve seroclearance after treatment with type-I interferons, defined as sustained absence of detectable HBV DNA and surface antigen (HBsAg) antigenemia. However, type-I interferons cause significant side effects, are costly, must be administered for months, and most patients have viral rebound or non-response. Nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors reduce HBV viral load and improve liver-related outcomes, but do not lower HBsAg levels or impart seroclearance. Thus, new therapeutics are urgently needed. Lambda interferons (IFNLs) have been tested as an alternative strategy to stimulate host antiviral pathways to treat HBV infection. IFNLs comprise an evolutionarily conserved innate immune pathway and have cell-type specific activity on hepatocytes, other epithelial cells found at mucosal surfaces, and some immune cells due to restricted cellular expression of the IFNL receptor. This article will review work that examined expression of IFNLs during acute and chronic HBV infection, the impact of IFNLs on HBV replication in vitro and in vivo, the association of polymorphisms in IFNL genes with clinical outcomes, and the therapeutic evaluation of IFNLs for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.

scholarly journals Adefovir dipivoxil-induced development of osteomalacia and Fanconi syndrome during the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Orietta Staltari ◽  
Benedetto Caroleo ◽  
Andzelika Michniewicz ◽  
Giovambattista De Sarro ◽  
Franco Perticone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Adefovir Dipivoxil ◽  
Fanconi Syndrome ◽  
Pathologic Fracture ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

Adefovir dipivoxil is a nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat adult patients affected by HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B and with clinical evidence of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV). Adefovir administered at a dosage of 10 mg/day is generally well tolerated, even if renal toxicity, type Fanconi syndrome, was reported during long-term treatments.We report a case of osteomalacia with Fanconi syndrome and pathologic fracture of the femur related to long-time (67 months) adefovir treatment (10 mg/day) in a patient with compensated hepatitis B virus (HBV) cirrhosis (Child 5A) and with a previous normal renal function (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate before adefovir = 78.26 ml/min/1.73 m2; during adefovir treatment = 57.38 ml/min/1.73 m2). The patient was switched to entecavir at a dose of 1 mg/day, with both suppression of viremia and improvement of osteomalacia and Fanconi syndrome; the patient’s follow-up is still ongoing after 22 months.

scholarly journals High Rates of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HIV-Positive Individuals Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Ryan ◽  
Motswedi Anderson ◽  
Ivayla Gyurova ◽  
Lilliam Ambroggio ◽  
Sikhulile Moyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Abstract Background Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)–negative but hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA-positive infection—known as occult hepatitis B infection (OBI)—occurs in 1% to >15% of HIV-positive individuals in the United States and South Africa, respectively. However, there are no data on OBI from Botswana, a country known to be hyperendemic for chronic HBV infection and to have a significant HIV burden. Methods Two hundred seventy-two adults enrolled in an HIV treatment study of tenofovir/emtricitabine as the nucleoside backbone who were previously determined to be HBsAg negative were tested for HBV DNA at baseline and 1 year after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Results HBV DNA was detected in 72 of 272 (26.5%). Six individuals (8.3%) had HBV DNA levels greater than 200 IU/mL, and the highest viral load was 3280 IU/mL. Of 65 participants with OBI evaluated at 12 months after initiating HAART, only 1 (1.5%) had detectable HBV DNA. Conclusions Occult HBV infection is quite common in HIV-infected patients in Botswana, although its impact on the course of HIV disease progression is unknown. The suppression of occult HBV DNA levels by tenofovir/emtricitabine suggests an effective therapeutic option, although the long-term suppressive abilities remain unstudied.

scholarly journals Postexposure Prophylactic Effect of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-Active Antiretroviral Therapy against HBV Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 1292-1298
Author(s):  
Tsunamasa Watanabe ◽  
Susumu Hamada-Tsutsumi ◽  
Yoshiyuki Yokomaku ◽  
Junji Imamura ◽  
Wataru Sugiura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Preexposure Prophylaxis ◽  
B Virus

ABSTRACTRetrospective study indicates that hepatitis B virus (HBV)-active nucleoside (nucleotide) analogues (NAs) used for antiretroviral therapy reduce the incidence of acute HBV infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Learning from HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), we explored the possibility of using NAs in PEP following HBV exposure, if preexposure prophylaxis is feasible clinically. Using freshly isolated primary human hepatocytes culturedin vitro, we analyzed the effect of HBV-active tenofovir and lamivudine in primary HBV infection and also the effect of treatment with these NAs after HBV infection. HBV-active NAs applied from 24 h before inoculation could not prevent the secretion of hepatitis B surface antigen into the culture medium, and cessation of the NAs after inoculation allowed the cells to establish an apparent HBV infection. In contrast, hepatitis B immune globulin was able to prevent HBV infection completely. NA treatment before infection, however, can control the spread of HBV infection, as detected by immunohistochemistry. Practically, starting NA treatment within 2 days of primary HBV infection inhibited viral spread effectively, as well as preexposure treatment. We demonstrated that preexposure NA treatment was not able to prevent the acquisition of HBV infection but prevented viral spread by suppressing the production of mature progeny HBV virions. The effect of postexposure treatment within 2 days was similar to the effect of preexposure treatment, suggesting the possibility of HBV PEP using HBV-active NAs in HIV- and HBV-susceptible high-risk groups.

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